José María Orense de Milá de Aragón Herrero (1803–1880) was a Spanish politician and revolutionary, a prominent advocate of

federal republicanism The Spanish Republic (), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic (), was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874. The Republic's founding ensued after the abdication of King ...

. He held the nobiliary title of Marquis of Albaida.

Biography

Born in Laredo on 14 October 1803. He was a member of the Citizen Militia during the 1820–1823

Trienio Liberal The , () or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule ...

. Having fought against the invading French army known as the

Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis The "Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish Bourbon royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power ...

, he exiled to England, returning to Spain after the death of

Ferdinand VII Ferdinand VII (; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century. He reigned briefly in 1808 and then again from 1813 to his death in 1833. Before 1813 he was known as ''el Deseado'' (the Desired), and af ...

, the Felon King. He was elected as deputy in 1844 in representation of Palencia. From then on, he became more salient in the radicalism of his proposals than the mainstream Progressive Party. He advocated the

Iberian Union The Iberian Union is a historiographical term used to describe the period in which the Habsburg Spain, Monarchy of Spain under Habsburg dynasty, until then the personal union of the crowns of Crown of Castile, Castile and Crown of Aragon, Aragon ...

in his 1844 electoral platform. He inherited the Marquisate of Albaida in 1847. He participated in the and stood in the barricades in the . Also a participant in the 1854 revolution, he took part in the ''intentona'' of Los Basilios on 28 August, leading to his imprisonment. He actively campaigned in favour of the

abolition of slavery Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the political movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world. The first country to fully outlaw slavery was France in 1315, but it was later used in its colonies. T ...

in the Cortes of 1854–1856. He revolted against the O'Donnell-Ríos Rosas involutionary government in 1856, encouraging the general uprising. Yet again imprisoned, he exiled to France and Belgium. Grupfanelli

A proponent of

Iberism Iberism ( Aragonese, Basque, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish: ''Iberismo''; Asturian and Leonese: Iberismu; Mirandese: Eiberismo; Catalan and Occitan : ''Iberisme''), also known as pan-Iberism or Iberian federalism, is the pan-nationa ...

, he argued again in favour of such prospect in 1858 in ''La Discusión'', proposing a conception of the Iberian union based on a community of common interests, to be achieved extending the privileges of the Basque provinces to the rest of Spain, and then undergoing a progressive convergence with Portugal. He returned to

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

on the occasion of the September 1868 Glorious Revolution, and gave no pause to the provisional government. Following the September Revolution Orense became the president of the Spanish Abolitionist Society after the exit of Salustiano de Olózaga from the organization. He also presided the meeting of the Democratic Party on 11 October 1868 at the

Circo Price The Circo Price, also known as El Price, is a 2,142-seat concert venue and former circus in Madrid. The circus was originally located in the Jardin de las Delicias, a park which lay at the corner of the Paseo de Recoletos and the calle de la Vet ...

during which it was determined that the federal republic shall be the form of government of Spain, followed by the schism between the

republicans Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

and the accidentalist . An active campaigner for the Republic, he was elected at the 1869 election to Constituent Cortes. Within the stem of federal republicanism he embraced an individualist strand of workerism associated to romantic humanitarianism and social liberalism (differentiating from other leanings converging into the federal republicanism such as the socialist republicanism of

Fernando Garrido Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, and former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa and Asia (like the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka). It is e ...

and

Pi y Margall Francesc Pi i Margall (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall; 29 April 1824 – 29 November 1901) was a Spanish federalist and republican politician and theorist who served as president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873. He was a ...

or the trend represented by the Krausists), and in fact, similarly to

Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Mazzini (, ; ; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the ...

, he ultimately became weary of socialism, as he came to blame it for the demise of the

Second French Republic The French Second Republic ( or ), officially the French Republic (), was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852. Following the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterlo ...

. He participated in the insurrections that took place months after the enactment of the new Constitution in June 1869. He went to

Tours Tours ( ; ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabita ...

and organized the unit of Spanish volunteers (including his son) to help France following the Prussian invasion in 1870, rallying the banner of the Universal Republic and the Latin Federation. He returned to Spain to vote against the candidacy of Amadeo of Savoy to be the head of State of Spain, becoming an active Republican agitator. After the proclamation of the

First Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic (), was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874. The Republic's founding ensued after the abdication of King ...

in February 1873 and the May 1873 election, he briefly served as

president of the Congress of Deputies The president of the Congress of Deputies () is the speaker of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Cortes Generales (the Spanish parliament). The president is elected among the members of the Congress and is, after the king and th ...

in June 1873. He moved away from Spain after the 3 January 1874 coup of Pavía, yet he ultimately returned to the country to establish in Astillero, Santander, for his later years. Having become blind, and his health becoming deteriorated, he died on 29 October 1880.

References

;Citations ;Bibliography * * * * * * * * {{authority control Spanish abolitionists Spanish revolutionaries Spanish republicans Exiled Spanish politicians Presidents of the Congress of Deputies (Spain) Members of the Congress of Deputies of the reign of Isabella II Prisoners and detainees of Spain Iberianists 1803 births 1880 deaths