Josef Freiherr von Smola (12 June 1764 in

Teplice Teplice (, until 1948 Teplice-Šanov; , ''Teplitz-Schönau'') is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 51,000 inhabitants. It is the most populous Czech spa town, followed by Karlovy Vary. The historic city cen ...

– 29 November 1820 in Vienna) was a (commissioned) officer and holder of the Knight's and Commander's Crosses of the

Order of Maria Theresa The Military Order of Maria Theresa (; ; ; ; ; ) was the highest military honour of the Habsburg monarchy, Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. History Founded on 18 June 1757, the day of the Battle of Kolín, by the Empress Maria ...

Life

He joined the army as an artillery gunner in 1780. He was awarded the rank of lieutenant in 1786. In the war against the Turks, he significantly participated in the siege of the towns of Sabac and Belgrade. He became famous for fundamental improvement in artillery organization in

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in 1790. In 1792 he took part in the crusade against France, among others, in the

battle of Jemappes The Battle of Jemappes (6 November 1792) took place near the town of Jemappes in Hainaut, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), near Mons during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. One of the first major off ...

. In 1793 he took charge of

Archduke Charles Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Lawrence of Austria, Duke of Teschen (; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian field marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain. He was also the youn ...

horse battery command. Subsequently, he won at the battle of Neerwiden and he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa for this victory. He was badly wounded at the battle of Fleurus in 1794. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1796 for key help during the defence of Ehrenbreitstein Fortress. He was badly wounded at Meßkirch for the second time in 1800. Then he continued as Major in the Czech Legion. In 1805 he battled in Italy. In 1809 he led the 3rd Army Corps already as colonel in

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. He was awarded the second Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa, this time the Commander's one, and promoted to major general. He was not, however, only a commander, but also an engineer and an author of many innovations in the artillery. One of the famous ones was, for example, wall gun-mounting in 1807. He was married to Mary Smola, Baroness of Häring (1771–1807). His two sons Josef von Smola Jr. and Karl von Smola were also officers. The last living descendants being Miloslav von Smola (* 29 August 1949 in Prague) and Miloslav von Smola (* 6 January 1986 in Prague), both currently living in the Czech Republic.

References

* Constantin von Wurzbach: ''Smola, Joseph Freiherr von.'' un "''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich", volume'' 35, published by L. C. Zamarski, Wien 1877, pp. 186–189. * A. Schmidt-Brentano: ''Smola, Josef d. Ä. Frh. von''. in "''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950'' (ÖBL)", volume 12, published by Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2001–2005, (direct links to pp
372

373
. {{DEFAULTSORT:Smola, Josef 1764 births 1820 deaths Commanders Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa 18th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire