Josef Nádvorník (13 February 1906 – 8 July 1977) was a Czech lichenologist. He was an authority on

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

s of the order Caliciales and, in particular, the genus ''

Physcia ''Physcia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The widely distributed genus contains about 80 species. The genus is cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan, and has been extensively studied in various regions in the p ...

''.

Biography

Nádvorník was born in

Plaňany Plaňany () is a market town in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants. Administrative division Plaňany consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 ...

on 13 February 1906. After graduating from a burgher school in

Hlinsko Hlinsko () is a town in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,600 inhabitants. The local part of Betlém is well preserved example of folk architecture and is protected as a Cultural monument (Czech Republi ...

, he studied at a teacher training institute in

Chrudim Chrudim () is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 24,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest town of the region. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#M ...

, from where he graduated in 1925. He started employment as a teacher in

Uzhhorod Uzhhorod (, ; , ; , ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality on the Uzh, Uzh River in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is approximately equidistan ...

(now

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

), working there from the period 1925–1938. With the onset of the

German occupation of Czechoslovakia German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

, he was forced to return to the

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was a partially-annexation, annexed territory of Nazi Germany that was established on 16 March 1939 after the Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945), German occupation of the Czech lands. The protector ...

from where he first started as a teacher, in Hlinsko and later in Prague. With the support and encouragement of lichenologist Miroslav Servít (1886–1959), Nádvorník began collecting and studying

s, although he did this in his spare time without support financially. In the 1940s he published two important

monograph A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published a ...

s on the lichen families

Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family (taxonomy), family of mostly lichen-forming fungus, fungi belonging to the class (taxonomy), class Lecanoromycetes in the division (mycology), division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification chan ...

and

Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family. Description The Physiaceae family includes various ...

. Nádvorník's expertise was on lichens of the order Caliciales and later also on the genus ''

''. He described 5 new

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

, 13

sections Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

and 49 species. Nádvorník was the first lichenologist to study and publish lichens from

Carpathian Ruthenia Transcarpathia (, ) is a historical region on the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast. From the Hungarian Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, conquest of the Carpathian Basin ...

. He described the difficult conditions of his lichenological research in a letter to Miroslav Servít. Floristic investigations were undertaken in the

Jizera Mountains Jizera Mountains (), or Izera Mountains (; ), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera (river), Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk (Jizera), ...

, Belianske Tatras, and

Vysoké Tatry Vysoké Tatry (; , ; , ; , ), formally Mesto Vysoké Tatry () is a town at the feet of the Slovak part of High Tatras in Slovakia including all the major resorts in that region. It was created in 1990, and its official name from 1990 to 1999 was ...

, among other locations in the former

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

. Nádvorník published three exsiccatae (sets of dried herbarium specimens), namely "Calicieae exsiccatae", "Physciaceae exsiccati" and "Lichenes exsiccati". He collected an abundant number of specimens for his

herbarium A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant biological specimen, specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sh ...

, which is now stored in the

Slovak National Museum The Slovak National Museum () is the most important institution focusing on scientific research and cultural education in the field of museology in Slovakia. Its beginnings "are connected with the endeavour of the Slovak nation for national emanc ...

Bratislava Bratislava (German: ''Pressburg'', Hungarian: ''Pozsony'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the Slovakia, Slovak Republic and the fourth largest of all List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. ...

. His

collections Collection or Collections may refer to: Computing * Collection (abstract data type), the abstract concept of collections in computer science * Collection (linking), the act of linkage editing in computing * Garbage collection (computing), autom ...

numbered more than 11,000 specimens. He published 29 important works, the most famous of which is the 1956 collaboration of the author trio Černohorský, Nádvorník, and Servít titled ''Klíčk určování lišejníků ČSR'' (''Key to identification of lichens of Czechoslovakia''). His name is honoured in several eponymous lichen species: ''

Bryoria nadvornikiana ''Bryoria nadvornikiana'', commonly known as the spiny grey horsehair lichen or the blonde horsehair lichen, is a species of horsehair lichen in the family Parmeliaceae The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With ...

'' ; '' Gongylia nadvornikii'' ; '' Involucrothele nadvornikii'' ; '' Phaeophyscia nadvornikii'' ; '' Polyblastia nadvornikii'' ; and '' Thelidium nadvornikii'' . The genus '' Nadvornikia'' was also named in his honour. Nádvorník died in

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

on 8 July 1977.

Selected works

*Nádvorník J. (1942): Systematische Übersicht der mitteleuropäischen Arten der Flechtenfamilie Caliciaceae. – Stud. Bot. Čechosl. 5: 6–46. *Nádvorník J. (1947): Physciaceae Tchécoslovaques. – Studia Botanica Čechoslovaca 8(2–4): 69–124. *Černohorský Z., Nádvorník J. & Servít M. (1956): Klíč k určování lišejníků ČSR. I. díl etermination key to the lichens of Czechoslovakia. Vol. 1 – Nakl. ČSAV, Prague.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadvornik, Josef 1906 births 1977 deaths Czech lichenologists 20th-century Czech people People from Kolín District

Biography

Selected works

See also

References