John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl, , (24 February 1660 – 14 November 1724) was a

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

nobleman,

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, and officee. He served in numerous positions during his life, and fought in the

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Revolution of 1688, was the deposition of James II and VII, James II and VII in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II, Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange ...

for William III and

Mary II Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England, List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland, and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland with her husband, King William III and II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Sh ...

Early life and family

Murray was born in 1660 at

Knowsley Hall Knowsley Hall is a stately home near Liverpool in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, England. It is the ancestral home of the Stanley family, the Earls of Derby. The hall is surrounded by of parkland, which contains the Knowsley S ...

, Lancashire, England to

John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, KT (2 May 16316 May 1703) was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s, until after the rise to power of William and Mary in 1689. He succeeded as 2n ...

and his wife, the former Lady Amelia Sophia Stanley. Murray's maternal grandparents were the 7th Earl of Derby and Charlotte de La Trémoille. He was the first of twelve children and, as opposed to continual speculation, he was ''not blind in any of his eyes at any time in his life''.per his academic biographer, Dr Cheryl Garrett, thesis completed 2012, University of Aberdee
Academic Historical Biography for the Doctor of Philosophy
/ref> Lord Murray matriculated from

University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews (, ; abbreviated as St And in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Scotland. It is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and, f ...

in 1676. He was married twice and was the father of 21 children.

Later life and career

He was created 1st Earl of Tullibardine by William III in 1696 and was created the 1st Duke of Atholl by Queen Anne in 1703. Lord Murray was a supporter of King William III during the

, taking the oath of loyalty in September 1689, but was unable to prevent some of his clan from joining Lord Dundee under the command of his father's baillie, Stewart of Ballechin. Lord Murray laid siege to his family's ancestral home,

Blair Castle Blair Castle (in Scottish Gaelic: ''Caisteil Bhlàir'') stands in its grounds near the village of Blair Atholl in Perthshire in Scotland. It is the ancestral home of the Clan Murray, and was historically the seat of their clan chief, chief, the ...

, which Ballechin had fortified and held for King James II but ended the siege just days prior to the

Battle of Killiecrankie The Battle of Killiecrankie, also known as the Battle of Rinrory, took place on 27 July 1689 during the Jacobite rising of 1689, 1689 Scottish Jacobite rising. An outnumbered Jacobitism, Jacobite force under Ewan Cameron of Lochiel, Sir Ewen Ca ...

. In 1683 he married Lady Catherine Hamilton, daughter of

Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton (6 January 1632 – 17 October 1716) was a Scottish peeress. The daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton and 3rd Marquess of Hamilton, Scottish General and premier peer of the realm, and Lady ...

and her husband

William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton William Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton (24 December 1634 – 18 April 1694), also known as Lord William Douglas and the Earl of Selkirk, was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was the eldest son of the 1st Marquess of Douglas by his seco ...

, with whom he had six daughters and seven sons; only six of their children survived into adulthood. In 1693 he was appointed as one of the commissioners to the inquiry into the

massacre of Glencoe The Massacre of Glencoe took place in Glen Coe in the Argyll region of the Scottish Highlands on 13 February 1692. An estimated 30 members and associates of Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were killed by Scottish government forces, allegedly for fa ...

. In 1695, Lord Murray was made Sheriff of Perth. In 1696 the earldom of Tullibardine was created for him, from whence he was known as the Earl of Tullibardine. Also in 1696, he became Secretary of State, and from 1696 to 1698 was

Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland The Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland was the List of Scottish monarchs, monarch of Scotland's high commissioner, personal representative to the Parliament of Scotland. From the accession of James I of England, James VI of Sc ...

. With the accession of Queen Anne in 1702, he was made a Privy Councillor, and in 1703 became

Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland The office of Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, one of the Great Officers of State, first appears in the reign of David II of Scotland, David II. After the Act of Union 1707 its holder was normally a peerage, peer, like the Great Seal of Sco ...

. The same year he succeeded his father as 2nd Marquess of Atholl, and in June 1703 he was created Duke of Atholl, Marquess of Tullibardine, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, Viscount of Balquhidder, Glenalmond and Glenlyon, and Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask. In 1704, Murray succeeded his father as a

Knight of the Thistle The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland, who asserted that he was reviving an earlier order. The ...

. In 1704 an unsuccessful attempt was made by

Lord Lovat Lord Lovat () is a title of the rank Lord of Parliament in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1458 for Hugh Fraser by summoning him to the Scottish Parliament as Lord Fraser of Lovat, although the holder is referred to simply as Lo ...

, who used the

Duke of Queensberry The title Duke of Queensberry was created in the Peerage of Scotland on 3 February 1684 along with the subsidiary title Marquess of Dumfriesshire for the William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry, 1st Marquess of Queensberry. The Dukedom was he ...

as a tool to implicate him in a Jacobite plot against Queen Anne. The intrigue was disclosed by Robert Ferguson, and Atholl sent a memorial to the Queen on the subject, which resulted in Queensberry's downfall. But the affair had a damaging effect on Murray's career, and he was deprived of office in October 1704. He subsequently became a strong antagonist of the government, and of the

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ian succession. He vehemently opposed Union during the years 1705–1707, and entered into a project which would have resisted the Crown by force by holding

Stirling Castle Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most historically and architecturally important castles in Scotland. The castle sits atop an Intrusive rock, intrusive Crag and tail, crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill ge ...

with the aid of the Cameronians but this plan was never followed. After the vote for Union, he accepted compensation of £1,000 for back pay from services owed him (although in

Lord Polwarth Lord Polwarth, of Polwarth in the County of Berwick, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1690 for Sir Patrick Hume of Polwarth, 2nd Baronet, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1696 to 1702 (the baronetcy had been created in ...

's memoirs the monies were not a 'bribe' as has been suggested by the Jacobite Sir George Lockhart of Carnwath, but remuneration owed him since 1698 for service to the Crown). On the occasion, however, of the planned invasion of 1708 he took no part, on account of illness, and was placed under arrest at

. Murray was a founder of the

Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge The Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge, or the SSPCK, was a group established in Scotland to promote the better understanding of the principles of the reformed Christian religion, principally through the established Church of S ...

(SSPCK) in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

in 1709. He supported the Society in its establishment of the first schools in

Blair Atholl Blair Atholl (from the Scottish Gaelic: ''Blàr Athall'', originally ''Blàr Ath Fhodla'') is a village in Perthshire, Scotland, built about the confluence of the Rivers Tilt and Garry in one of the few areas of flat land in the midst of the G ...

and

Balquhidder Balquhidder ( or ) is a small village in Perthshire located north-west of Callander. It is administered by the Stirling (council area), Stirling council area of Scotland and is overlooked by the dramatic mountain terrain of the "Braes of Bal ...

, but did not share its antipathy to the

Gaelic Gaelic (pronounced for Irish Gaelic and for Scots Gaelic) is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". It may refer to: Languages * Gaelic languages or Goidelic languages, a linguistic group that is one of the two branches of the Insul ...

language.Anderson, Rosalind (2020), ''The Jacobite Rising of 1715 and the Murray Family'', Pen and Sword, Yorkshire, p. 9, With the downfall of the Whigs and the advent of the

Tories A Tory () is an individual who supports a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalist conservatism which upholds the established social order as it has evolved through the history of Great Britain. The T ...

to power, Murray returned to favour and to office. He was chosen a

Scottish representative peer This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral Parliament of Scotland, where all Scottish Peers had been entit ...

in the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

in 1710 and in 1712 was restored to his position as High Commissioner and Keeper of the Privy Seal. In the same year he was appointed Lord High Commissioner to the

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body.''An Introduction to Practice and Procedure in the Church of Scotland'' by A. Gordon McGillivray, ...

, attending the Assembly on behalf of the sovereign. With the accession of King

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he was again dismissed from office. Three of his sons joined the Jacobites in the rebellion of 1715, including his eldest living son, William, Lord Tullibardine. Tullibardine was subsequently attainted and removed from succession to the title, but Murray himself remained loyal to the Crown. In June 1717 he apprehended

Rob Roy MacGregor Robert Roy MacGregor (; 7 March 1671 – 28 December 1734) was a Jacobite Scottish outlaw, who later became a Scottish and Jacobite folk hero. Early life He was born in the Kingdom of Scotland at Glengyle, at the head of Loch Katrine, as r ...

, who, however, succeeded in escaping. Atholl died in 1724, and was succeeded by his second surviving son

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Children

By his first wife Lady Catherine, daughter of William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton and

, he had the following thirteen children: Bataille Malplaquet

* John Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (6 May 168411 September 1709), killed during the

Battle of Malplaquet The Battle of Malplaquet took place on 11 September 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession, near Taisnières-sur-Hon in modern France, then part of the Spanish Netherlands. A French army of around 75,000 men, commanded by the Duke of V ...

* Lady Anne Murray (21 May 168520 July 1686) * Lady Mary Murray (28 September 16866 January 1689) *

William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...

(14 April 16899 July 1746), attainted and removed from the succession *

James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, (28 September 16908 January 1764), styled Marquess of Tullibardine between 1715 and 1746, was the Lord of Mann, a Scottish peer, and Lord Privy Seal. Life Atholl was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and was the ...

(28 September 16908 January 1764) * Lord Charles Murray (24 September 169128 August 1720) * Lady Katherine Murray (28 October 16925 November 1692) * Lord George Murray (23 August 169325 August 1693) * Lord George Murray (4 October 169411 October 1760) * Lady Susan Murray (15 April 169922 June 1725), married William Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aberdeen * Lady Katherine Murray (25 April 17021710) * Lord Basil Murray (29 December 1704February 1712); several children in the

Dunkeld Dunkeld (, , from , "fort of the Caledonians") is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The location of a historic cathedral, it lies on the north bank of the River Tay, opposite Birnam. Dunkeld lies close to the geological Highland Boundar ...

area were named "Basil" after him

Gordon Donaldson Gordon Donaldson (13 April 1913 – 16 March 1993) was a Scottish historian. Life He was born in a tenement at 140 McDonald RoadEdinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory, 1912 off Leith Walk in northern Edinburgh on 13 April 1913 the so ...

, ''Scotland's History: Approaches and Reflections'' (Scottish Academic Press, 1995), p. 102. By his second wife Mary Ross, daughter of

William Ross, 12th Lord Ross William Ross, 12th Lord Ross (c.1656 – 15 March 1738), was a Scottish nobleman, soldier and politician. Origins Ross was born in about 1656. He was the son and heir of George Ross, 11th Lord Ross, who died in 1682, by Grizel, daughter of W ...

and Agnes Wilkie. They had the following eight children: * General Lord John Murray (14 April 171126 May 1787) * Lord Mungo Murray (August 1712June 1714) * Lord Edward Murray (9 June 17142 February 1737) * Lord Frederick Murray (8 January 1716April 1743) * Lady Wilhelmina Caroline Murray (28 May 1718May 1720) * Lady Mary Murray (3 March 172029 December 1795) * Lady Amelia Anne Murray (20 April 172126 April 1721)

Notes

References

* * *For details of the Duke's children, http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/mm4fz/murray03.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:Atholl, John Murray, 1st Duke of 1660 births 1724 deaths Nobility from Perth and Kinross Alumni of the University of St Andrews Chancellors of the University of St Andrews

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Knights of the Thistle Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain Scottish representative peers Peers of Scotland created by William II Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

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Members of the Privy Council of Scotland Lords High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland 17th-century Scottish peers 18th-century Scottish people People of Byzantine descent Senators of the College of Justice Extraordinary Lords of Session

Early life and family

Later life and career

Children

See also

Notes

References