Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland (; ) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union 1707, Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the ...

and the

Peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great B ...

. The earl is also

Chief Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boat ...

Clan Lyon Clan Lyon is a Scottish clan.Way, George and Squire, Romily. ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia''. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 202 - 203. ...

History

The established history of

states that the family is of French origin, with the original name ''de Leonne'', but

James Balfour Paul Sir James Balfour Paul (16 November 1846 – 15 September 1931) was the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the officer responsible for heraldry in Scotland, from 1890 until the end of 1926. Life James Balfour Paul was educated at Royal High School, Edinbur ...

, in his ''

Scots Peerage ''The Scots Peerage'' is a nine-volume book series of the Scottish nobility compiled and edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, published in Edinburgh from 1904 to 1914. The full title is ''The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert ...

'', states that the family is likely of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...

origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the

thanage A thanage was an area of land held by a thegn in Anglo-Saxon England. Thanage can also denote the rank held by such a thegn In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn or thane (Latin minister) was an aristocrat who ranked at the third level in lay ...

s of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in

Gaelic Gaelic (pronounced for Irish Gaelic and for Scots Gaelic) is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". It may refer to: Languages * Gaelic languages or Goidelic languages, a linguistic group that is one of the two branches of the Insul ...

. The first recorded family member,

John Lyon, Lord of Glamis Sir John Lyon of Glamis (4 November 1382) was a Scottish nobleman who was Chamberlain of Scotland between 1377 and 1382. He is regarded as the progenitor of the Chiefs of Clan Lyon. Family origins Sir John Lyon was the son of Sir John Lyon (born ...

, was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1371 on the accession of Robert II. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since. His descendant

Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (140221 March 1459) Privy Council of Scotland, P.C. was a Scottish nobleman, created Lord Glamis on 28 June 1445. He was a son of Sir John Lyon of Glamis () and Elizabeth Graham, daughter of Sir Patrick Graham of Du ...

was created the first Lord Glamis in the

in 1445. In 1606, the earldom was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland for Patrick Lyon, the ninth Lord Glamis, who was also created Lord Lyon and Glamis at the same time. In 1677, the designation of the earldom was changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne" for Patrick Lyon, the third Earl. He was also granted the subsidiary titles of Viscount Lyon and Lord of Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie. The 10th Earl sat in the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

as a

Scottish representative peer This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral Parliament of Scotland, where all Scottish Peers had been entit ...

from 1796 to 1806, and again from 1807 to 1812. In 1815, he was created Baron Bowes in the

, but upon his death five years later without legitimate issue, the peerage became extinct. The Scottish peerages were inherited by his younger brother, the 11th Earl. The 11th Earl was succeeded by his grandson, the 12th Earl, who also sat in the House of Lords as a representative peer from 1852 to 1865. He married but left no children, and the peerages were inherited by his brother, the 13th Earl, who sat in the Lords as a representative peer from 1870 until 1892. In 1887, he was created Baron Bowes of

Streatlam Castle Streatlam Castle was a Baroque stately home located near the town of Barnard Castle in County Durham, England, that was demolished in 1959. Owned by the Bowes-Lyon family, Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the house was one of the family's three ...

, in the

County of Durham County Durham, officially simply Durham, is a ceremonial county in North East England.UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne an ...

, and of

Lunedale Lunedale is the dale, or valley, of the River Lune, on the east side of the Pennines in England, west of Middleton-in-Teesdale. Its principal settlements are Grassholme, Thringarth and Bowbank. Lunedale is also the name of a civil parish whi ...

, in the

County of York Yorkshire ( ) is an area of Northern England which was historically a county. Despite no longer being used for administration, Yorkshire retains a strong regional identity. The county was named after its county town, the city of York. The so ...

, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. This gave him and his successors an automatic seat in the House of Lords, which the earldom did not entitle them to until the

Peerage Act 1963 The Peerage Act 1963 (c. 48) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits female hereditary peers and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed. ...

extended that right to all holders of Scottish peerages. The 13th Earl was succeeded by his son, the 14th Earl, who in 1937 was created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, leading to his becoming the ''14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''. The eldest son of the earl uses ''Lord Glamis'' as a

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some context ...

. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case ''Viscount Lyon'') would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the

officer of arms An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions: * to control and initiate armorial matters; * to arrange and participate in ceremonies of state; * to conserve ...

Lord Lyon King of Arms The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officer of State, Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scotland, Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry i ...

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was al ...

(1900–2002) was the daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the sister of the 15th Earl. The family seat is

Glamis Castle Glamis Castle is situated beside the village of Glamis (, ) in Angus, Scotland. It is the home of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and is open to the public. Glamis Castle has been the home of the Clan Lyon, Lyon family since the 14th cent ...

, in

Angus, Scotland Angus (; ) is one of the 32 Local government in Scotland, local government council areas of Scotland, and a Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City (council area), Dundee City and Per ...

. Other family seats were

Gibside Gibside is an estate in Tyne and Wear, North East England. It is located in the valley of the River Derwent, North East England, River Derwent on the border with County Durham, between Rowlands Gill and Burnopfield. The estate is the surviving pa ...

, near

Burnopfield Burnopfield is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated north of Stanley, County Durham, Stanley and Annfield Plain, close to the River Derwent, North East England, River Derwent and is above sea level. There are around 4,553 inhab ...

County Durham County Durham, officially simply Durham, is a ceremonial county in North East England.UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne an ...

and

, near

Barnard Castle Barnard Castle (, ) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, England. The town is named after and built around a medieval castle ruin. The town's Bowes Museum has an 18th-century Silver Swan automaton exhibit ...

. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of

Glamis Glamis is a small village in Angus, Scotland, located south of Kirriemuir and southwest of Forfar. It is the location of Glamis Castle, the childhood home of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. History The vicinity of Glamis has prehistoric t ...

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the Church (building), church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in com ...

Thanes of Glamis (1372)

* John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis (died 1382)

Masters of Glamis

* John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis (died 1435)

Lords Glamis (1445)

(died 1459) *

Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord of Glamis (c. 1430–1486), was a Scottish nobleman. The son of Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (d. 1459), he was Keeper of Kildrummy Castle and Kindrochit Castle from his father's death until 1462. He later sat on the Ki ...

(died 1486) *

John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis John Lyon, 3rd Lord of Glamis (14311 April 1497) was a Scottish nobleman. Born in Angus, he was the second son of Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis, and inherited the title on his brother's death in 1486. He attended university, possibly in Paris. ...

(died 1497) * John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis (died 1500) * George Lyon, 5th Lord Glamis (died 1505) *

John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis (died 1528) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the second son of John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis, and succeeded his brother as Lord Glamis in 1505. John married Janet Douglas (died 17 July 1537), who was falsely charged wi ...

(–1528) *

John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis (1558) was a Scottish nobleman. Life He was born in 1510, the son of John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis, by Janet Douglas, second daughter of George, master of Angus. His father died in 1528. Along with his mother, who had ...

(–1558) (forfeit in 1537 but restored in 1543) *

John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis (died 1578) was a Scottish nobleman, judge and Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. Life He was the eldest son of John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis, by his wife, Janet Keith, daughter of Robert Keith, Master of Marischal, and si ...

(–1578): see also

Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar) Sir Thomas Lyon, Master of Glamis (died 1608) was a Scottish nobleman and official, Lord High Treasurer of Scotland. Master of Glamis Lyon was the younger son of John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis, by his wife Janet Keith, daughter of Robert, Lord Keit ...

, Master of Glamis. * Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis (c. 1575–1615) (created Earl of Kinghorne in 1606)

Earls of Kinghorne (1606)

Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne (1615) was a Scottish landowner. Patrick Lyon was the son of John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis and Elizabeth Abernethy, only daughter of Alexander Abernethy, 6th Lord Saltoun. His father was killed in 1578 by a gunsh ...

(c. 1575–1615) *John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (1596–1646) * Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne (1643–1695) (designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne")

Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)

Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (29 May 1643 – 15 May 1695) was a Peerage of Scotland, Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne and Lady Elizabeth Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st E ...

(1643–1695) *

John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (16631712) was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the son of Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He married Elizabeth Stanhope on 21 September 1691 and was succeeded as Earl by h ...

(1663–1712) **Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis (1692–1709) **Philip Lyon, Lord Glamis (1693–1712) *

John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne ( 27 April 1690 – 13 November 1715) was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He died fighting with the Jacobites at the Battle of ...

(1696–1715) * Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (c. 1699–1728) – brother of the 5th Earl *

James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore (circa 1702 – 1735) was a Scottish peer and freemason. He was the son of John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Lady Elizabeth Stanhope. He was christened on 24 December 1702. He succeeded as E ...

(c. 1702–1735) – brother of the 5th and 6th Earls *

Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore (1704 – 18 January 1753) was a Scottish nobleman, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 to 1735, when he resigned upon succeeding to the peerage as Earl of Strathmore. Lyon was ba ...

(1704–1753) – brother of the 5th, 6th and 7th Earls *

John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (17 July 1737 – 7 March 1776), born John Lyon, was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and one of the maternal ancestors of King Charles III. The Ear ...

(1737–1776) *

John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (14 April 1769 – 3 July 1820) was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the eldest son of John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. ...

(1769–1820; created Baron Bowes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1815) *

Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (3 May 177327 August 1846) was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the third son of John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. ...

(1773–1846) – brother of the 10th Earl **Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (1801–1834) *** Thomas Lyon-Bowes, Master of Glamis (1821–1821) *

Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (28 September 1822 – 13 September 1865), styled Lord Glamis between 1834 and 1846, was a Scottish peer and cricketer. Background Lyon-Bowes was the eldest surviving son of Thomas ...

(1822–1865) – grandson of the 11th Earl *

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (21 July 182416 February 1904), styled The Honourable Claude Bowes-Lyon from 1847 to 1865, was a British peer. He was the 13th holder of the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the pate ...

(1824–1904) – brother of the 12th Earl, created Baron Bowes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1887 * Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1855–1944) – maternal grandfather of

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...

. (created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937) * Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884–1949) **John Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941) * Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918–1972) * Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928–1987) – first cousin of the 16th Earl, grandson of the 14th Earl * Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957–2016) * Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1986) The

heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir app ...

is the present’s holder's younger brother Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988)
The heir presumptive’s

heir apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...

is his son, Albemarle John Bowes-Lyon (b. 2023)

Line of succession

'' Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1855–1944)'' ** Coronet of a British Earl

'' Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884–1949)'' ***''John Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941)'' *** Coronet of a British Earl

'' Timothy Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918–1972)'' **''The Hon. Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon (1893–1953)'' *** Coronet of a British Earl

'' Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928–1987)'' **** Coronet of a British Earl

'' Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957–2016)'' ***** Coronet of a British Earl

Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (born 1986) *****(1) The Hon. John Bowes-Lyon (born 1988) ******(2) Albemarle Bowes-Lyon (born 2023) *****(3) The Hon. George Bowes-Lyon (born 1991) **''The Hon. Sir David Bowes-Lyon (1902–1961)'' ***(4) Sir Simon Bowes-Lyon (born 1932) ****(5) Fergus Bowes-Lyon (born 1970) ****(6) David Bowes-Lyon (born 1973) *****(7) William Bowes-Lyon ****(8) Andrew Bowes-Lyon (born 1979)

Family tree

Arms

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strathmore And Kinghorne Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland * Clan Lyon Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 1372 establishments in Scotland Noble titles created in 1606 Noble titles created in 1937