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John II (27 September 1275 – 27 October 1312), also called John the Peaceful, was
John II (27 September 1275 – 27 October 1312), also called John the Peaceful, was Duke of Brabant
The Duke of Brabant (, ) was the ruler of the Duchy of Brabant since 1183/1184. The title was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of Henry I, Duke of Brabant, Henry I of the House of Reginar, son of Godfrey III of Le ...
, Lothier and Limburg (1294–1312). He was the son of John I of Brabant
John I, also called John the Victorious (1252/533 May 1294) was Duke of Brabant (1267–1294), Duke of Lothier, Lothier and Duchy of Limburg, Limburg (1288–1294). During the 13th century, John I was venerated as a folk hero. He has been painted ...
and Margaret of Flanders.
John II succeeded his father in 1294 During the reign of John II, Brabant continued supporting a coalition to stop French expansion. He tried to conquer South Holland (district of medieval Holland) from the pro-French Count John II of Holland, but was not successful.
In 1309, the Crusade of the Poor besieged the castle of Genappe
Genappe (; , ; ) is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant.
Demographics
As of 2023, the municipality of Genappe boasted a population of 14,266 residents. Spanning a total area of 89.57 km2 , th ...
in Brabant because it was sheltering Jews
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
. John sent an army that defeated the crusaders, who incurred heavy losses.Gábor Bradács, "Crusade of the Poor (1309)", in Jeffrey M. Shaw and Timothy J. Demy (eds.), ''War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict'', 3 vols. (ABC-CLIO, 2017), vol. 1, pp. 211–12. According to Chris Harman (2000), during different parts of the XIV century several attacks on jews merchants and christian priests took place, and also awhich, typically, masses of people would march from town to town, looting and being joined by others during their march. Harman quotes the following:
John, who suffered from kidney stone
Kidney stone disease (known as nephrolithiasis, renal calculus disease, or urolithiasis) is a crystallopathy and occurs when there are too many minerals in the urine and not enough liquid or hydration. This imbalance causes tiny pieces of cr ...
s and wanted his duchy to be peacefully handed over to his son upon his death, in 1312 signed the famous Charter of Kortenberg
The Charter of Kortenberg (Dutch: ''Keure van Kortenberg'') is an agreement signed and sealed on September 27, 1312, in the abbey of Kortenberg by John II, Duke of Brabant, John II, Duke of Brabant and representatives of the cities of Brussels, Ant ...
. John died in Tervuren
Tervuren (; ) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in the Flemish region of Belgium. The municipality comprises the villages of Duisburg, Tervuren proper, Vossem and Moorsel. On 1 January 2006, Tervuren had a total population o ...
in 1312. He was buried in the Church of St. Michael and St. Gudula (now Brussels' cathedral).
Family
On 8 July 1290, John married Margaret of England inWestminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British m ...
, London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
. She was a daughter of King Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 1254 ...
and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor of Castile (1241 – 28 November 1290) was Queen of England as the first wife of Edward I. She was educated at the Castilian court and also ruled as Countess of Ponthieu in her own right () from 1279. After diplomatic efforts to s ...
. Only one child was born out of this marriage:
* John III, Duke of Brabant
John III (; 1300 – 5 December 1355) was Duke of Brabant, Duke of Lothier, Lothier (1312–1355) and List of rulers of Limburg, Limburg (1312–1347 then 1349–1355), the last Brabant male to rule them.
Biography
John was the son of John II, ...
.
John II had several illegitimate children:
* Jan van Corsselaer, was later named Lord of Witthem, Wailwilre, Machelen, la Rochette and Colonster.
* Jan van Wyvliet. Lord of Blaesveld and Kuyc. Married to Margaret Pipenpoy.
* Jan Cordeken: Founder of the House of Glymes
The House of Glymes was an old Belgian nobility, Belgian noble family, an illegitimate branch of the Reginarids, House of Reginarid, which ruled the Duchy of Brabant. Glymes or Glimes is a municipality of Incourt, Belgium, Incourt. Their descend ...
. He was legitimized by the emperor Louis IV by charter dated of 27 August 1344, lists John II as the father and Elisabeth Gortygin as his mother.Butkens (1724), Vol. I, Preuves, p. 146, "Extraicts des chartes de la maison de Berges sur Soom".
* Jan Magermann. Married to Adelise d'Elsies.
* Jan II van Dongelberg (- 1383). His mother was Marguerite van Pamel.
References
Sources
* * * *Harman, C. (2000). ''A People's History of the World.'' Verso Books: London.See also
* Dukes of Brabant family tree {{Authority control Brabant, John II, Duke of Brabant, John II, Duke of 13th-century dukes of Brabant 14th-century dukes of Brabant 13th-century dukes of Limburg 14th-century dukes of Limburg Burials at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula House of Reginar 14th-century nobility from the Holy Roman Empire