John I, Count Of Penthièvre

John I (5 February 1345 – 16 January 1404), was Count of Penthièvre and Viscount of Limoges from 1364 to 1404, and the Penthièvre claimant to the Duchy of Brittany.

Biography

John was born in Jurgon-les-Lacs in Brittany while his parents, Joan of Penthièvre and Charles of Blois,Hereford Brooke George, ''Genealogical Tables Illustrative of Modern History'', (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1875), table XXVI ruled over the duchy of Brittany. Joan arranged to marry John to Margaret, daughter of Edward III of England, but Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, an ally of the Montforts, broke off the negotiations. Edward offered instead Philippa of Lancaster as a wife, but Joan declined. In 1356, John was given to the English as a hostage and he was held at Gloucester Castle under the care of Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland and Earl of Oxford for nearly twenty-five years.

On the death in 1380 of Charles V of France, who supported the Penthièvre claim against the Montforts, John and his mother negotiated the second treaty of Guérande on 14 April 1381, in which he renounced his claim to the Duchy of Brittany in exchange for a substantial indemnity. John was released with financial assistance from Olivier de Clisson, who paid his 60,000 franc ransom and offered him his younger daughter, Marguerite, as a wife. On 6 January 1384, John transferred management of all of his lands in Brittany and Limoges to Clisson, who in turn transferred it to Jean Rolland in 1387.

The French chronicler Jean Froissart recounts how, in 1391, John's cousin John IV, Duke of Brittany denounced the Penthièvre claim to the Breton throne, writing:

In 1392, at a meeting at Tours, John renounced his family's right to carry the arms of Brittany. This was later confirmed at Guingamp on 25 October 1395. He inherited the lands of Avesnes, Landrecies, Nouvion-en-Thiérache, and some lands in Flanders on the death of his cousin, Guy II, Count of Blois, in 1397. Three years later, he inherited further property from his brother, Henry, who died in England.

John died in 1404 at Lamballe in Brittany. His eldest son, Olivier, succeeded him. He shared with his three brothers the family inheritance: Olivier received Penthièvre, John the lands of Aigle in Normandy, Charles the lordship of Avaugour, and William the viscounty of Limoges.

Family

John married Margaret de Clisson, daughter of Olivier de Clisson, Constable of France, at Moncontour on 20 January 1387. They had:
* Olivier, Count of Penthièvre and Seigneur of Avesnes (d. 1433 without legitimate posterity)
* John, Lord of l'Aigle (d. 1454 without posterity)
* Charles, Baron of Avaugour, through whose daughter, Nicole, the rulers of Penthièvre continued
* William, Viscount of Limoges (d. 1455)
* Joan, who married in 1458 John III de Harpedane, seigneur de Belleville and Montaigu as his second wife (his first wife was Margaret, natural daughter of Charles VI of France).

References

Sources

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{{DEFAULTSORT:John I, Count of Penthievre
Penthièvre, John, Count of
Penthièvre, John, Count of
People of the Hundred Years' War
House of Châtillon
Counts of Penthièvre