John, 5th Baron Balliol
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John de Balliol (before 1208 – 25 October 1268) was an English nobleman, belonging to the
House of Balliol The House of Balliol (de Bailleul) was a noble family originating from the village of Bailleul in Picardy. They held estates in England, granted during the reign of King William Rufus. Through marriage, they had claims to the Throne of Scotla ...
.
Balliol College Balliol College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1263 by nobleman John I de Balliol, it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world. With a governing body of a master and ar ...
, in
Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
, is named after him.


Life

John de Balliol was born before 1208 to Cecily de Fontaines, daughter of Aléaume de Fontaines, chevalier, seigneur of Fontaines and Longpré-les-Corps-Saints and
Hugh de Balliol Hugh de Balliol (died 1229), Lord of Bywell, Barnard Castle and Gainford, was an English nobleman. He was the son of Eustace de Balliol and Petronilla FitzPiers. Balliol was a supporter of King John of England during the Barons Wars of 1215â ...
, Lord of Balliol and of
Barnard Castle Barnard Castle (, ) is a market town on the north bank of the River Tees, in County Durham, England. The town is named after and built around a medieval castle ruin. The town's Bowes Museum has an 18th-century Silver Swan automaton exhibit ...
and Gainford ( 1177 – 2 February 1229). It is believed that he was educated at
Durham School Durham School is a Private schools in the United Kingdom, fee-charging boarding and day school in the English Public school (UK), public school tradition located in Durham, England, Durham, North East England. Since 2021 it has been part of th ...
in the city of Durham. In 1223, Lord John married
Dervorguilla of Galloway Dervorguilla of Galloway (c. 1210 – 28 January 1290) was a "lady of substance" in 13th century Scotland, the wife from 1223 of John de Balliol and mother of John I, a future king of Scotland. Family Dervorguilla was one of the three daugh ...
, the daughter of
Alan, Lord of Galloway Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234) was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone. Ala ...
and Margaret of Huntingdon. By the mid-thirteenth century, his wife had become very wealthy, principally as a result of inheritances from her family. This wealth allowed Balliol to play a prominent public role, and, on King Henry III's instruction, he served as joint protector of the young king of Scots, Alexander III. He was one of Henry III's leading counsellors between 1258 and 1265. and was appointed Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire from 1261 to 1262. He was captured at the
Battle of Lewes The Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264. It marked the high point of the career of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and made ...
in 1264, but escaped and rejoined King Henry. In 1265 Thomas de Musgrave owed him a debt of 123
marks Marks may refer to: Business * Mark's, a Canadian retail chain * Marks & Spencer, a British retail chain * Collective trade marks A collective trademark, collective trade mark, or collective mark is a trademark owned by an organization (such ...
. About 1266, Baldwin Wake owed him a debt of 100 marks and more. Following a dispute with the
Bishop of Durham The bishop of Durham is head of the diocese of Durham in the province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler (bishop), Paul Butler was the most recent bishop of Durham u ...
, he agreed to provide funds for scholars studying at Oxford. Support for a house of students began in around 1263; further endowments, made after his death by Dervorguilla, resulted in the establishment of
Balliol College Balliol College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1263 by nobleman John I de Balliol, it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world. With a governing body of a master and ar ...
.


Issue

John and Dervorguilla had issue: * Sir Hugh de Balliol, who died without issue before 10 April 1271. He married Agnes de Valence, daughter of
William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke {{Infobox noble, name=William de Valence , christening_date= , noble family= , house-type= , father= Hugh X of Lusignan , mother= Isabella of Angoulême , birth_name= , birth_date={{c. 1227 , birth_place= , christening_place= , styles= , death_da ...
.SCOTTISH ROYAL LINEAGE – THE HOUSE OF ATHOLL Part 2 of 6
urke's Peerage. Retrieved 2007-11-01
* Alan de Balliol, who died before 10 April 1271 without issue * Sir Alexander de Balliol, who died without issue before 13 November 1278. He married Eleanor de Genoure. * King
John I of Scotland John Balliol or John de Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as Toom Tabard (meaning 'empty coat'), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an ...
, successful competitor for the
Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, parti ...
in 1292 * Ada de Balliol, who married, in 1266, William Lindsay of Lamberton, and had a daughter, Christian de Lindsay, who married Enguerrand V de Coucy. Christian and her husband are the ancestors of
Mary of Guise Mary of Guise (; 22 November 1515 – 11 June 1560), also called Mary of Lorraine, was List of Scottish royal consorts, Queen of Scotland from 1538 until 1542, as the second wife of King James V. She was a French people, French noblewoman of the ...
, the mother of
Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was List of Scottish monarchs, Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legit ...
. * William de Balliol ''le Scot'', who issued John ''le Scot'', ancestor of Scotts of
Scot's Hall Scot's Hall (or Scott's Hall) was a country house in Smeeth, between Ashford and Folkestone in southeast England. It was the property of a gentry family, the Scotts. The first known resident was Sir John Scott (born 1436), who married Carolin ...
and
Brabourne Brabourne is a village and civil parish in the Ashford district of Kent, England. The village centre is east of Ashford town centre. Geography The village originated around the village church and this area is now usually referred to as E ...
. Some sources claim William was a distant cousin, not a son. * Margaret de Balliol, who may have married Thomas de Moulton. * Cecily de Balliol (d. before 1273), who married Sir John de Burgh (d. before 3 March 1280) of
Wakerley Wakerley is a linear village and civil parish in the county of Northamptonshire, England. Forming part of North Northamptonshire, Wakerley is close to, and south of, the River Welland that forms the boundary with Rutland; its nearest neighbo ...
,
Northamptonshire Northamptonshire ( ; abbreviated Northants.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Leicestershire, Rutland and Lincolnshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshi ...
, by whom she had three daughters: Devorguille de Burgh (c. 1256 – 1284), who in 1259 married Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter; Hawise de Burgh (d. before 24 March 1299), who married Sir Robert de Grelle (or Grelley) (d. 15 February 1282) of
Manchester Manchester () is a city and the metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It had an estimated population of in . Greater Manchester is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.92&nbs ...
; and Margery de Burgh, who became a nun. * Mary (or Eleanor) de Balliol, who married John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, and had a son, John 'The Red' Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (d. 1306). * Maud (or Matilda) de Balliol, married to
Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan Bryan FitzAlan, Baron FitzAlan Knt. (died 1 June 1306) was Lord of the manor of Bedale in Richmondshire, Askham Bryan in the Ainsty, Bainton, Heworth &c., in Yorkshire, Bicker and Graby in Lincolnshire, a Justice of the Peace, J.P. &c. He was ap ...
, and feudal Baron of
Bedale Bedale ( ), is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Bedale Beck is a tributary of the River Swale, which forms one of the Yorkshire Dales. The dale has a predominant agriculture sector and its related small traditional t ...
. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of BedaleNorcliffe of Langton, M.A., Charles Best, editor, ''The Visitation of
Yorkshire Yorkshire ( ) is an area of Northern England which was History of Yorkshire, historically a county. Despite no longer being used for administration, Yorkshire retains a strong regional identity. The county was named after its county town, the ...
, 1563-64'' by William Flower,
Norroy King of Arms Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is the provincial King of Arms at the College of Arms with jurisdiction over England north of the River Trent, Trent and Northern Ireland. The two offices of Norroy and Ulster were formerly separate. Norroy King of ...
, London, 1881, p. 294 and footnotes
(1291–1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of
Piers Gaveston Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall ( – 19 June 1312) was an English nobleman of Gascon origin, and the favourite of Edward II of England. At a young age, Gaveston made a good impression on King Edward I, who assigned him to the househo ...
,
Earl of Cornwall The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne. Condor of Cornwall *Condor of Cornwall, ...
.


Notes


References

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Further reading

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External links


History of the Baliol Family in Scotland
{{DEFAULTSORT:Balliol, John I De Year of birth uncertain 1268 deaths People associated with Balliol College, Oxford
John I John I may refer to: People Religious figures * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John I of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I of Alexandria, Coptic Pope from 496 to 505 * Pope John I, P ...
High sheriffs of Derbyshire High sheriffs of Nottinghamshire Burials at Sweetheart Abbey History of Galloway Founders of colleges of the University of Oxford