Johannes Pääsuke

Johannes Pääsuke ( – ) was an Estonian photographer and filmmaker. He worked as a photographer for the Estonian National Museum and was dedicated to recording the everyday life of Estonians in the early 20th-century. In 1914, he directed one of the first Estonian feature films, '' Bear Hunt in Pärnumaa'' (Estonian: ''Karujaht Pärnumaal'').

Life

Very little is known of the youth of Johannes Pääsuke. He was born in Tartu, Livonia, Russian Empire, the fourth of the six children of a comfortably-off couple. Johannes's siblings were well educated, but all that is known about Johannes's own education is that he studied photography. On his own account, he started photography at fifteen in 1907 and it is likely that he contacted the Estonian National Museum (ERM) in 1912, having already taken photographs in various places in Estonia.

In 1913, Pääsuke began a project for the ERM to document Estonia's lands, trades and architecture through photography and the collection of artifacts.

A major part of this project was a tour Pääsuke made with an assistant, Harri Volter, to the Estonian coast, from 10 June to 29 July 1913. The two traveled most of the way by foot, carrying the normal luggage and also cameras, a tripod, plates and so forth. Three hundred and seventeen photographs remain from this trip, many of Saaremaa and Muhu. Pääsuke's work was highly appreciated by ERM, which opened an exhibition of the photographs on 2 August 1913.

Pääsuke is known to have taken more than 1,300 photographs on glass plates in this national ethnographic project, which also included two larger series, one made in 1908–13 across much of the south of the nation, and the other made in 1914 in Tartu.Kaelep 89.

Pääsuke was also the first Estonian to make a film. He made about 40 films in his career with 10 films still in existence − five newsreels, four documentaries, and one work of fiction, the political satire ''Karujaht Pärnumaal'' (''Bear Hunt in Pärnu County'').

In 1915, Pääsuke was conscripted to serve as a second-rank infantryman in the reserve battalion of the Lithuanian Regiment of the Foot Guards; he was mobilized on 8 September and was in St Petersburg on 14 November. He managed to be recognized as a photographer, receiving a camera by the end of the month, and continued his photographic activities both in Russia proper and in Estonia.

Pääsuke died in a train accident in 1918 in Orsha, Belarus.

Photography

Pääsuke is notable as an ethnophotographer, a supplier of photographic documentation to the Estonian National Museum (ENM) in Tartu. By 2003, the ENM had identified 1305 photographs and 723 glass negatives as his work, and suspected that more among the unidentified were also by him. The photographs are of buildings, people, and activities, taken on a 13×18 cm or other plate camera.Linnap 96.

In popular culture

In 2019, the Hardi Volmer directed Estonian feature film comedy ''Johannes Pääsukese tõeline elu'' (English release title: ''Self Made Cameraman'') was released, which depicts Pääsuke, portrayed by Ott Sepp, and his assistant Harri Volter, portrayed by Märt Avandi, on their travels in 1913.

Gallery

Setu mees Võmmorski külas, ERM Fk213 174.jpg, ''Seto man in the village of Võmmorski'' (1913)
Rahvarõivais setu naine Võmmorski külas, ERM Fk213 171.jpg, ''Seto woman in traditional costume in the village of Võmmorski'' (1913)
Johannes Pääsuke 214 151.jpg, ''Estonian coast guard, beach knight (cavalry border guard)'' (1913)
File:Johannes Pääsuke 214 191.jpg, ''Muhu Islander feeding a horse'' (1913)
Johannes Pääsuke 214 56.jpg, ''Manure haulers Gustav (aged 65) and Anton (aged 68) smoking pipes. Mõnnelohu farm, Pühajõe village'' (1913)
Kalamees Pärtel Ribin Mummassaare rannas, ERM Fk214 12.jpg, ''Fisherman Pärtel Ribin on Mummassaare beach'' (1913)
Johannes Pääsuke 213 211.jpg, ''Sorting seed potatoes in Tartu County'' (1913)
Kalamehed tulevad merelt, ERM Fk214 25.jpg, ''Fishermen return from the sea'' (1913)
Kõrgeranna, Valaste küla, võrkude puhastamine, ERM Fk214 50.jpg, ''Kõrgeranna, Valaste village, clearing the net'' (1913)
Valaste küla poisid kaarte mängimas, ERM Fk214 47.jpg, ''Valaste village boys playing cards'' (1913)

Filmography

*''Utotškini lendamised Tartu kohal'' (''Utochkin's flights above Tartu'', 1912)
*''Utotškini lend'' (''Utochkin's flight'', 1912)
*''Tartu linn ja ümbrus'' (''The Town of Tartu and Environs'', 1912)
*''Ajaloolised mälestusmärgid Eestimaa minevikust'' (''Historical memories of the Estonian past'', 1913)
*''Retk läbi Setumaa'' (''A Trip through Setomaa'', 1913)
*''Karujaht Pärnumaal'' (''Bear Hunt in the Pärnu County,'' 1914) (Available as 12MB mpeg file.)

Citations and references

Cited sources and other sources

Johannes Pääsuke. Man with two Cameras
About the 2005–6 exhibition at the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography.
Johannes Pääsuke. Man with Two Cameras
About the 2003 exhibition at the Estonian National Museum, Tartu.
*''Johannes Pääsuke: Mees kahe kaameraga / Man with two cameras.'' Tartu: Estonian National Museum, 2003. This book offers photographs and parallel texts in Estonian and English; the two cameras of the title are the still and cinecamera.
*Kaelep, Kairi. "Johannes Pääsuke: The story of his life and cooperation with the Estonian National Museum." In ''Johannes Pääsuke: Mees kahe kaameraga.'' Pp. 81–93.
*Linnap, Peeter. "Life director Pääsuke and positivist ethnography." In ''Johannes Pääsuke: Mees kahe kaameraga.'' Pp. 95–104.
*Lõhmus, Jaak. "The once again discovered film-maker Pääsuke." In ''Johannes Pääsuke: Mees kahe kaameraga.'' Pp. 106–14.
* Ruus, Jaan. Foto Johannes Pääsukesest.

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Paasuke, Johannes
1892 births
1918 deaths
Estonian photographers
People from Tartu
Railway accident deaths in Belarus
Estonian cinematographers
Estonian film directors
Estonian documentary filmmakers