
Johannes Käbin (), also known by his Russified name Ivan Gustavovich Kebin (; 24 September 1905,
Kalvi
Kalvi is a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. (retrieved 28 July 2021) It's located about north of the Tallinn–Narva road (part of E20), northwest of Aseri and northeast of Viru-Nigula, on the co ...
,
Kreis Wierland,
Governorate of Estonia,
Russian Empire – 26 October 1999,
Tallinn,
Estonia) was an
Estonian
Estonian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Estonia, a country in the Baltic region in northern Europe
* Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent
* Estonian language
* Estonian cuisine
* Estonian culture
See also ...
Soviet politician who led the
Communist Party of Estonia
The Communist Party of Estonia ( et, Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP) was a subdivision of the Soviet communist party which in 1920-1940 operated illegally in Estonia and, after the 1940 occupation and annexation of Estonia by the ...
from 1950 to 1978. Käbin was an ethnic Estonian but had been raised in
Russia (so-called "
Yestonian"), as his family had moved to
Saint Petersburg in 1910. After the
reindependence of Estonia till his death Käbin was a member of the
Social Democratic Labour Party.
Biography
Johannes Käbin was born in 1905 in
Kalvi
Kalvi is a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. (retrieved 28 July 2021) It's located about north of the Tallinn–Narva road (part of E20), northwest of Aseri and northeast of Viru-Nigula, on the co ...
,
Virumaa
Virumaa ( la, Vironia; Low German: ''Wierland''; Old Norse: ''Virland'') is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia. Now it is divided into Ida-Viru County or Eastern Vironia and Lääne-Viru County or Western Vironia. Vironians built ma ...
. In 1907, Käbin's family moved from
Estonia to
St. Petersburg, where his father died in the same year. In 1916, together with his mother and older sister, he moved to the village of
Sussanino in
Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
Province, where the family bought a small farm (0.27 hectares). In 1926 he entered the Leningrad School of Soviet and Party Construction. A year later, Käbin was appointed chairman of the Susanin Village Council of the
Gatchina (Trotsky) district. He completed his studies from
Institute of Red Professors
An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body.
In some countries, institutes can ...
in 1938.
Career
He worked as a teacher in
Moscow before returning to Estonia after the
Second World War. Käbin later became the Deputy Head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the EKP. In 1948, Käbin returned to be elected secretary of the Central Committee for Propaganda and Propaganda. In 1950, at the 8th Plenum, he was elected as First Secretary of the EKP. Initially a hardline Stalinist, he gradually became more moderate in the post-Stalin era but nevertheless remained devoted to the consolidation of Soviet rule in Estonia. He was in this position for more than 25 years, in part due the
Kremlin
The Kremlin ( rus, Московский Кремль, r=Moskovskiy Kreml', p=ˈmɐˈskofskʲɪj krʲemlʲ, t=Moscow Kremlin) is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow founded by the Rurik dynasty, Rurik dynasty. It is the best known of th ...
's approval of his policies. He was the
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
The Constitution of the Soviet Union recognised the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the earlier Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Congress of Soviets as the highest organs of state authority in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( ...
(
head of state) from 1978 to 1983.
Later life
After the restoration of independence, he remained in Estonia. He died in
Tallinn in 1999 at the age of 94. He is buried in
Metsakalmistu.
Personal life
His son is the physicist Eduard Käbin (born 17 April 1945), who is a graduate of
Moscow State University and is a Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of Russia.
Awards
He received many awards, such as the:
*
Order of Lenin
*
Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...
*
Order of the October Revolution
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kabin, Johannes
1905 births
1999 deaths
People from Viru-Nigula Parish
People from Kreis Wierland
Heads of the Communist Party of Estonia
Heads of state of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Estonian communists
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1951–1955
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1955–1959
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1959–1963
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1963–1967
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1967–1971
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1971–1975
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1975–1980
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1980–1985
Third convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
Fourth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Fifth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Sixth convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Seventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Eighth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
Ninth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
Institute of Red Professors alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Burials at Metsakalmistu