Joseph-Marie Jaffré, better known as Job Jaffré (May 6, 1906 - March 12, 1986), was a French journalist and Breton nationalist. He also published under pseudonyms, most notably as Jos Pempoull. Jaffré was born in Berné,

Morbihan The Morbihan ( , ; ) is a departments of France, department in the administrative region of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Gulf of Morbihan, Morbihan (''small sea'' in Breton ...

. His journalistic work was strongly associated with the promotion of Breton culture and language. He worked on Breton

onomastics Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use. An ''alethonym'' ('true name') or an ''orthonym'' ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onom ...

and

toponymy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' ( proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper na ...

. He also became active in the Breton separatist movement. Working for the journal ''Nouvelliste de Lorient'' he created the "Celtic Circle of Lorient" and became active in the Breton National Party. He also worked voluntarily for Loeiz Herrieu's Breton language literary magazine ''Dihunamb''.Raoul, Lukian. ''Geriadur ar skrivagnerien ha yezhourien vrezhonek''. Al Liamm, 1992. Article Jaffré, Joseph Marie

World War II

During the German occupation, he became associated with collaborationism. After December 1940 he became one of the hosts of Radio Rennes Bretagne. In May 1941 he joined '' L'Heure Bretonne'', the journal of the Breton National Party. He later became its editor in chief. Hervé Le Boterf in his book ''La Bretagne dans la guerre'' asserts that Jaffré made ''L'Heure Bretonne'' into something of a sensationalist publication, "under his leadership, the party's weekly adopted a popular novelistic style." To bring about a new increased circulation for the newspaper, he emphasised gossip, lurid headlines and scandal stories. Under Jaffré, the journal also published a number of articles supporting antisemitic acts under German occupation. Following the

mass arrest A mass arrest occurs when police apprehend large numbers of suspects at once. This sometimes occurs at protests. Some mass arrests are also used in an effort to combat gang activity. This is sometimes controversial, and lawsuits sometimes result. ...

of Jews in Paris known as the

Vel' d'Hiv Roundup The Vel' d'Hiv' Roundup ( ; from , an abbreviation of ) was a mass arrest of Jews in Paris on 16–17 July 1942 by Vichy French police at the behest of the German occupational authorities. Occurring during World War II, Jews arrested during ...

on 16 and 17 July 1942, ''L'Heure Bretonne'' published a front-page article entitled ''À la porte les juifs et les enjuivés'' ("Show the Door to the Jews and the Judaized") under the signature "DR". In the same vein, Jaffré, under his pseudonym "Tug", published a denunciation of the bombings committed by the forces of "youtre-Atlantique", a wordplay on "''outre-Atlantique''" ("over the Atlantic") and "''youtre''", a derogatory term for "Jew". Later in the same year, he wrote that he expected a "reversal of alliance... when the Jewish problem has been eliminated".Original French « renversement d'alliance (…) quand le problème juif aura été éliminé », ''L'Heure Bretonne'' October 1943, No. 171, under the initials St. K.

Postwar career

At the Liberation, he was jailed for 14 months, but he was released in December 1945 without any conviction. In 1955 he became a writer for ''La Liberté du Morbihan'', which had replaced the defunct ''Nouvelliste de Lorient''. He was responsible for overseeing the news section "Pays d' Auray". One of his most popular contributions was the bilingual weekly column signed "Madedad" ("father'sson") . He also contributed to the journal ''Breizh'' ("Brittany"), published by Kendalc'h. Jaffré died in

Auray Auray (; , or simply ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Morbihan Departments of France, department, Regions of France, administrative region of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany, northwestern France. Inhabitants of Auray are cal ...

Publications

*Yann Ar Baluc'henn. Arrangé par Daniel Doujet. Dastum, 1986. *Le Breizh hor bro (avec la coll.de Charles Le Gall). 1955. Rédité en 2005, Toutes les Cultures de Bretagne, Ed. Skol Vreizh. *Seigneurs et Seigneuries du Kemenet-Heboé, Dalc'homp Soñj, 1986. *Secrets et Mystères de nos Kêr, édition Dalc'homp Soñj / Lorient. *Etrezomp e brezhoneg, 1980–1981, édité par Emglev Bro an Orient, 2008. Recueil d'articles hebdomadaires du journal La Liberté du Morbihan.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaffre, Job 1906 births 1986 deaths Breton collaborators with Nazi Germany French male non-fiction writers 20th-century French journalists 20th-century French male writers Prisoners and detainees of France