Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt (variations include Schultheiss von Unfried) (1678 – 10 June 1753) was a German

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

, official, and councillor most active in

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

and throughout

East Prussia East Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's ...

Life

Possibly born in Altruppin,

Brandenburg Brandenburg, officially the State of Brandenburg, is a States of Germany, state in northeastern Germany. Brandenburg borders Poland and the states of Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It is the List of Ger ...

, Schultheiss was the son of Joachim Scultetus von Unfried, a privy councilor of

Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg Frederick William (; 16 February 1620 – 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "th ...

.Mühlpfordt, ''Königsberger Skulptoren und ihre Meister 1255-1945'' p. 162 He began studying at the

University of Frankfurt (Oder) European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) () is a university located at Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg, Germany. It is also known as the University of Frankfurt (Oder). The city is on the Oder River, which marks the border between Germany ...

on 23 August 1689 and continued his studies in

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

and

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. He became Royal Prussian Engineer and Building Master (''Kgl. Preuß. Ingenieur und Baumeister'') in Königsberg on 9 January 1702.Kreisgemeinschaft Gumbinnen Schultheiss oversaw the transfer of material from the declining castle in Fischhausen to the fortifications of

Pillau Baltiysk ( ); ; Old Prussian: ''Pillawa''; ; ; is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separ ...

until 1705. He was then named Building Director (''Baudirektor'') on 11 June 1705. From 1705-13 Schultheiss focused on renovating

Königsberg Castle Königsberg Castle (, ) was the seat of the grand masters of the Teutonic Order and of the dukes and kings of Prussia in the city of Königsberg (since 1946 Kaliningrad, Russia). The original fortress on the site was built by the Teutonic Knights ...

, especially an east wing which was alternately referred to as the Friedrichsbau, the Unfriedbau, and the Unfriedflügel.Albinus, p. 282 From 1705-10 he worked on the galleries, royal lodge, and pulpit-altar of the Schlosskirche, the church connected to the castle. Schultheiss designed the Royal Orphanage in Sackheim (1703–05), Tragheim Church (1708–10), and the Brauerhaus in

Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche Löbenicht (; ) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of the three towns that com ...

. From 1704-05, along with Jean Baptiste Broebes and Johann Caspar Hindersin, he also aided in the transition of the manor house in Schlobitten into the Schlobitten Palace of the Dohna family. In 1708 he renovated the church of Kaukehmen. After the coronation of King

Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. Born in Berlin, he was raised by the Hugu ...

in 1713, Schultheiss took the position of building director in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

. He returned to Königsberg after taking the position of building director for the Oberland district on 18 January 1721. The king, who was focused on the recovery of East Prussia after the great plague of 1708-11, tasked Schultheiss with designing the new towns built in the province. He became the most important architectural official in East Prussia and a member of the Kriegs- und Domänenkammer after the king's reorganization of government in 1723. Schultheiss designed or altered the layouts of numerous East Prussian towns, including

Stallupönen Nesterov (), until 1938 known by its German language, German name (; ) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, locate ...

(1722);

Darkehmen Ozyorsk (, until 1938 ; ; ; from 1938 to 1946 ) is a town and the administrative center of Ozyorsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Angrapa River near the border with the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, southeast ...

and its 13

morgen A Morgen (Mg) is a historical, but still occasionally used, German unit of area used in agriculture. Officially, it is no longer in use, having been supplanted by the hectare. While today it is approximately equivalent to the Prussian ''morgen' ...

market square (1723);

Ragnit Neman (; ; ), is a town and the administrative center of Nemansky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located in the historic region of Lithuania Minor, on the steep southern bank of the Neman River, where it forms the Russian border with ...

's old town (1723);

Gumbinnen Gusev (; ; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. It is p ...

's old town (1724), new town (1727), and town hall (1727);Antoni, p. 240 Schirwindt and its market square (ca. 1725); and Pillkallen (ca. 1725). Ca. 1730 he possibly worked on the family grave of Friedrich von der Groeben at the church of Groß Schwansfeld. From 1731-32 he oversaw the rebuilding of the church in Drygallen.Antoni, p. 154 Schultheiss designed the Neustädter Reformierte Kirche in Gumbinnen from 1736 to 1739. In his second period in Königsberg, Schultheiss designed the incomplete Garnisonkirche (garrison church) of the Königsgarten (1731) and the

French Reformed Church The Reformed Church of France (, ERF) was the main Protestant religious denomination, denomination in France with a Calvinist orientation that could be traced back directly to John Calvin. In 2013, the Church merged with the Evangelical Luthera ...

(1733–36) on Königstraße. He died in Königsberg.

Gallery

image:Koenigsberg Schloss Ostseite 1900.jpg, East side of

image:ID004415 C377 KbgFranzoesischReformierteKirche.jpg,

on Königstraße, eastern Königsberg image:Tragheimer.jpg, Tragheim Church in

Tragheim Tragheim was a Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter of northern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Tragheim was first documented in 1299, but probably already existed as an Old Prussians, Old Prussian f ...

, northern Königsberg image:ID003704 B137 KoeniglWaisenhaus.jpg, Royal Orphanage in Sackheim, eastern Königsberg image:Stallupönen.jpg, Goldaper Straße leading to the market in

image:Schlobitten palace.jpg, Ruins of the Dohna Palace in modern Słobity, formerly Schlobitten image:Darkehmen Marktplatz.jpg, Market square of modern Ozyorsk, formerly Darkehmen

Notes

References

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Schultheiss von Unfried, Joachim Ludwig von 1678 births 1753 deaths 18th-century German architects 18th-century Prussian people German Baroque architects People from Neuruppin People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg Architects from Königsberg Prussian nobility European University Viadrina alumni