The Jingpho-Luish, Jingpho-Asakian, Kachin–Luic, or Kachinic languages are a group of
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sino-Tibetan (also referred to as Trans-Himalayan) is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. Around 1.4 billion people speak a Sino-Tibetan language. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 ...
belonging the
Sal branch. They are spoken in northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar, and consist of the
Jingpho (also known as Kachin) language and the
Luish ( Asakian) languages
Sak,
Kadu,
Ganan,
Andro,
Sengmai, and
Chairel. ''
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...
'' and ''
Glottolog
''Glottolog'' is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials ( grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-d ...
'' include the extinct or nearly extinct
Taman language in the Jingpo branch, but Huziwara (2016)
[Huziwara, Keisuke. 2016]
タマン語の系統再考 / On the genetic position of Taman reconsidered
In ''Kyoto University Linguistic Research '' 35, p.1-34. considers it to be unclassified within Tibeto-Burman.
James Matisoff
James Alan Matisoff ( zh, , t=馬蒂索夫, s=马蒂索夫, p=Mǎdìsuǒfū or zh, , t=馬提索夫, s=马提索夫, p=Mǎtísuǒfū; born July 14, 1937) is an American linguist. He is a professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of Cal ...
(2013)
[Matisoff, James A. 2013]
Re-examining the genetic position of Jingpho: putting flesh on the bones of the Jingpho/Luish relationship
''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' 36(2). 1–106. provides phonological and lexical evidence in support of the ''Jingpho-Asakian'' (Jingpho–Luish) grouping, dividing it into two subgroups, namely ''
Jingphoic'' and ''
Asakian''. Proto-Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara (2012)
[Huziwara, Keisuke 藤原, 敬介. 2012]
Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete ルイ祖語の再構にむけて
oward a reconstruction of Proto-Luish In ''Kyoto University Linguistic Research'' 京都大学言語学研究 (2012), 31: 25-131. and Matisoff (2013).
Jingpho-Luish languages contain many
sesquisyllables.
Classification
Matisoff (2013),
[Matisoff, James A. 2013]
Re-examining the genetic position of Jingpho: putting flesh on the bones of the Jingpho/Luish relationship
''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' 36(2). 1–106. citing Huziwara (2012),
provides the following
Stammbaum classification for the Jingpho-Asakian (Jingpho-Luish) branch. Jingphoic internal classification is from Kurabe (2014).
[Kurabe, Keita. 2014. "Phonological inventories of seven Jingphoish languages and dialects." In Kyoto University Linguistic Research 33: 57-88, Dec 2014.]
*Jingpho-Asakian (Jingpho-Luish)
**
Jingphoic
***Southern: ''Standard Jingpho, Nkhum, Shadan, Gauri, Mengzhi, Thingnai'' dialects
***Northern
****Northeastern: ''Dingga, Duleng, Dingphan, Jilí (Dzili), Khakhu, Shang, Tsasen'' dialects
****Northwestern (
Singpho): ''Diyun, Numphuk, Tieng, Turung'' dialects
**
Asakian
***
Cak
****Cak
****Sak
***
Chairel
***Loi
****
Sengmai
****
Andro
***Kadu
****
Ganan
****
Kadu
References
Bibliography
* George van Driem (2001). ''Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region.'' Brill.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kachin-Luic languages
Sal languages
Languages of India
Languages of Myanmar
Languages of Yunnan