Jelonki, prior to 1951 known as Jelonek, is a residential

neighbourhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

in the city of

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, located within the district of

Bemowo Bemowo is a district of Warsaw located in the western part of the city. Its territory covers the western belt of the former district of Wola Wola () is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to ...

. The City Information System divides the neighbourhood into two areas, Jelonki Północne (''North Jelonki'') and Jelonki Południowe (''South Jelonki'').

History

The

folwark ''Folwark'' is a Polish word derived from the German ''Vorwerk''. A Folwark or Vorwerk is an agricultural estate or a separate branch operation of such an estate, historically a serfdom-based farm and agricultural enterprise (a type of latif ...

-type settlement had been established in the area, in the 19th century, next to the village of Odolany (both now part of city of

), around the Poznań Road (now Połczyńska Street). The village was bought by Bogumił Schneider (birthname: Gotlieb Schneider), a businessman, who moved, together with his family, to the area from

Westphalia Westphalia (; ; ) is a region of northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has an area of and 7.9 million inhabitants. The territory of the region is almost identical with the h ...

. He built there a brick house, where he lived with his family. The building survives to the present day. After he bought it, the village began being known as ''Jelonek'', which in

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

translates to ''

cervus ''Cervus'' is a genus of deer that primarily are native to Eurasia, although one species occurs in northern Africa and another in North America. In addition to the species presently placed in this genus, it has included a whole range of other s ...

'', a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...

that was present in the area. In 1846, Schneider opened the Zakłady Cegielniane i Fabryka Dachówek "Bogumił Schneider" (''"Bogumił Schneider" Brickworks and Roof Tiles Factory''), which produced

brick A brick is a type of construction material used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a unit primarily composed of clay. But is now also used informally to denote building un ...

roof tiles Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out precipitation such as rain or snow, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as clay or slate. Later tiles have been made from materials such as concrete, glass ...

, and

ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcela ...

s.Przemysław Burkiewicz:
Cegły z Jelonek zbudowały Warszawę
'. In: ''Bemowo News'', July 2011, p. 21. ISSN 1897-9777. (In Polish) The factory had a good reputation, being locally known for the good quality of its products. Many houses and

tenement A tenement is a type of building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. They are common on the British Isles, particularly in Scotland. In the medieval Old Town, E ...

s in

were built from the bricks from the factory. Its bricks were also commissioned by the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

, and used in the construction of Fort II, Fort III, and Fort IV of the

Warsaw Fortress Warsaw Fortress (, ) was a system of fortifications built in Warsaw, Poland during the 19th century when the city was part of the Russian Empire. The fortress belonged to a Western Russian fortresses, chain of fortresses built in Congress Poland an ...

, built between 1883 and 1890. The bricks made in the factory were branded with name "Jelonek". In 1902, the Schneider family built their second residence in Jelonek, a summer house made out of

larch Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus ''Larix'', of the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae). Growing from tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are found in lowland forests in the high la ...

wood. By 1904, 729 people lived in Jelonek, and in the village were located 19 houses, and a school. In 1927, inspired by the

garden city movement The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with Green belt, greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, i ...

, the Schneiders family divided and sold portion of their land, promoting construction of villas and gardens in Jelonek. They had also founded a garden and a

fruit tree A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans. All trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the te ...

orchard An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit tree, fruit- or nut (fruit), nut-producing trees that are generally grown for commercial production. Orchards are also so ...

, located around their summer residence. They had also drawn plans of wide town streets, including Schneiderów Avenue (currently Powstańców Śląskich Street), Kościelna Street, Parkowa Street, Poniatowskiego Street (currently Sternicza Street), and Żeromskiego Street (currently Człuchowska Street). In 1932, the settlement had been renamed to Miasto-Ogród Jelonek (''Garden Town of Jelonek'') as part of the development of the area in accordance to the

. In September 1939, during the

Invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak R ...

, in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Miasto Ogród Jelonek was captured by the invading forces of

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

. It was recaptured on 18 September 1939, in the offensive by the group of

Polish Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (, ; abbreviated SZ RP), also called the Polish Armed Forces and popularly called in Poland (, roughly "the Polish Military"—abbreviated ''WP''), are the national Military, armed forces of the Poland, ...

under the command of

Leopold Okulicki General Leopold Okulicki ( noms de guerre ''Kobra'', ''Niedźwiadek''; 1898 – 1946) was a Polish Army brigadier general and the last commander of the anti-Nazi underground Home Army during World War II and the German occupation of Poland ...

. The village remained under Polish control until the capitulation of Warsaw, on 28 September 1939. The Schneider's factory functioned until 1940, when while under

occupation of Poland Occupation commonly refers to: *Occupation (human activity), or job, one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment *Occupation (protest), political demonstration by holding public or symbolic spaces *Military occupation, th ...

by the Nazi Germany, the occupying forces ordered it to be closed down. The remainders after factory are Schneider's and Jelonek Clay Pits, three small man-made ponds, formed in the

clay pit A clay pit is a quarry or Mining, mine for the extraction of clay, which is generally used for manufacturing pottery, bricks or Portland cement. Quarries where clay is mined to make bricks are sometimes called brick pits. A brickyard or brickwor ...

s made during the extraction of clay, that was used in the factories. In 1943, the village was inhabited by 3826 people. After the end of the Second World War, in Miasto Ogród Jelonek functioned the ceramics production school. In 1943, the Schneiders family had donated 28 hectares of their lands (0.28 km² or 0.1 square miles) to the

gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' ) is the basic unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,479 gminy throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminy include cities and tow ...

(

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

) of Blizne, of which Miasto-Ogród Jelonek was part of, for development of streets, churches, schools, preschools, town hall, and other objects. The land was donated for the symbolic price of 1 złoty. In 1947, Miasto-Ogród Jelonek was connected to

, via "W" bus route, between Wola tram depot and Kasztelański Square (then known as John III Sobieski Square). Bogumił Schneider died in 1948. The history of Schneider family after 1951 remains unknown. Miasto Ogród Jelonek belonged to the gmina of Blizne. Following the end of the Second World War, by 1948, Miasto Ogród Jelonek was the seat of the municipal government. The Miasto-Ogród Jelonek was incorporated as a neighbourhood into the city of

on 14 May 1951, as part of the district of

Wola Wola () is a district in western Warsaw, Poland. An industrial area with traditions reaching back to the early 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a major financial district, featuring various landmarks and some of the tallest offi ...

. Its name was changed to Jelonki, which prior to that, used to be colloquial name for the village. Despite that, it kept the character closer to a suburban village. In the 1970s, and the 1980s, in Jelonki,

housing estate A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex, housing development, subdivision (land), subdivision or community) is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to count ...

s of

multifamily residential Multifamily residential, also known as multidwelling unit (MDU), is a classification of housing where multiple separate housing units for residential inhabitants are contained within one building or several buildings within one complex. Units can ...

buildings began to be developed, including the neighbourhoods of Jelonki, Lazurowa, and Górczewska. Until 1990, Jelonki were part of the district of Wola. In 1990, the district was replaced by the

(

) of Warsaw-Wola, and in 1994, Jelonki were incorporated into then-established gmina of Warsaw-Bemowo.
Ustawa z dnia 22 marca 1990 r. o terenowych organach rządowej administracji ogólnej.
' In: ''1990 Journal of Laws'', no. 21, position 123. Warsaw. 1990. In 2002, gmina of Warsaw-Bemowo was disestabolished, and replaced by the district of

.
Ustawa z dnia 19 lipca 2002 r. o zmianie ustawy o ustroju miasta stołecznego Warszawy
'. In: ''2002 Journal of Laws'', no. 127, position 1087.

Location and administrative boundaries

Jelonki, is located within the south-eastern portion of the district of

, in the city of

. It is divided into two areas of the City Information System, Jelonki Północne (''North Jelonki'') and Jelonki Południowe (''South Jelonki''). The boundaries of Jelonki Północne are determent by Górczewska Street to the north, the railway line no. 509 to the east, Człuchowska Street to the south, and Lazurowa Street to the west. Jelonki Północne borders Górce to the north,

Koło Koło () is a town on the Warta River in central Poland with 23,101 inhabitants (2006). It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship and it is the capital of Koło County. History Koło is one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was granted ...

and Ulrychów to the east, Jelonki Południowe to the south, and

Chrzanów Chrzanów () is a town in southern Poland with 35,651 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999) and is the seat of Chrzanów County. History History to 1809 It is impossible to establish ...

to the west. The boundaries of Jelonki Południowe are determent by Człuchowska Street to the north, and the railway line no. 509, and Dźwigowa Street to the east. Its southern boundary is located to the south of the railway tracks of the Warszawa Główna Towarowa railway station. Its western boundary is determined by Lazurowa Street, Szeligowska Street, and a straight line going to the south from the crossing between Szeligowska Street and Połczyńska Street. Jelonki Południowe borders Jelonki Północne to the north, Ulrychów to the east, Odolany, and Nowe Włochy to the south, and

to the west.

References

{{reflist Neighbourhoods of Bemowo Populated places established in the 19th century Former villages in Poland Garden suburbs Planned communities in Poland Suburbs in Poland