Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard (; 13 September 1803 – 17 March 1847) was a prolific French illustrator and caricaturist who published under the

pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true meaning ( orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's o ...

of Grandville (), and numerous variations (e. g. Jean-Jacques Grandville, Jean Ignace Isidore Grandville) throughout his career. Art historians and critics have called him "the first star of French caricature's great age",Rose, Cynthia. 2020.
J. J. Grandville: A Matter of Line and Death.
' The Comics Journal. (accessed 6 July 2022) and described his illustrations as featuring "elements of the symbolic, dreamlike, and incongruous" while retaining a sense of social commentary,Hansen, Kelli. 2014.
Weird and Wonderful Images from Artist J.J. Grandville.
' University of Missouri Library, Special Collections. (accessed 6 July 2022) and "the strangest and most pernicious transfigurement of the human shape ever produced by the Romantic imagination".Claudon, Francis. 1980. ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Romanticism.'' Chartwell Books, Inc. Secaucus, N. J.304 pp. (pages 87-88) The

anthropomorphic Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to ...

vegetables and

zoomorphic The word ''zoomorphism'' derives from and . In the context of art, zoomorphism could describe art that imagines humans as non-human animals. It can also be defined as art that portrays one species of animal like another species of animal or art ...

figures that populated his cartoons anticipated and influenced the work of generations of cartoonists and illustrators from

John Tenniel John Tenniel (; 28 February 182025 February 1914) was an English illustrator, graphic humourist and political cartoonist prominent in the second half of the 19th century. An alumnus of the Royal Academy of Arts in London, he was knight bachelor ...

, to

Gustave Doré Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré ( , , ; 6January 1832 – 23January 1883) was a French printmaker, illustrator, painter, comics artist, caricaturist, and sculptor. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engravings illustrati ...

, to

Félicien Rops Félicien Victor Joseph Rops (; 7 July 1833 – 23 August 1898) was a Belgian artist associated with Symbolism (arts), Symbolism, Decadence, and the Parisian , a member of the Les XX group. He was a painter, illustrator, caricaturist and a proli ...

, and

Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney ( ; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the Golden age of American animation, American animation industry, he introduced several develop ...

. He has also been called a "proto-surrealist" and was greatly admired by

André Breton André Robert Breton (; ; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first ''Surrealist Manifesto'' (''Manifeste du surréalisme'') ...

and others in the movement. Grandville was born in 1803, in

Nancy, France Nancy is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the northeastern Departments of France, French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It was the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, which was Lorraine and Barrois, annexed by France under King Louis X ...

into a family of artist and actors and received his earliest instruction in drawing from his father. He moved to Paris about 1823–1825 and began designing illustrations. His reputation was established in 1829 when he published a set of 70

lithographs Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

titled ''Les Métamorphoses du jour''. During the

July Revolution The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after French Revolution, the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Cha ...

of 1830 and the turbulent years that followed, he worked with

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808 – February 10 or 11, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the July Revolution, Revolution of 1830 ...

and others producing provocative political cartoons for periodicals that were highly critical of the new monarchy of

Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, the penultimate monarch of France, and the last French monarch to bear the title "King". He abdicated from his throne ...

. After strict censorship laws were passed and threats from the police in 1835, Grandville turned to book illustration. He illustrated several classics such as

La Fontaine's Fables Jean de La Fontaine collected fables from a wide variety of sources, both Western and Eastern, and adapted them into French free verse. They were issued under the general title of Fables in several volumes from 1668 to 1694 and are considered cla ...

Defoe Defoe may refer to: People *Defoe (surname), most notably English author Daniel Defoe Places *Defoe, Webster County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Other uses *Defoe (comics), a zombie story *Defoe Shipbuilding Company, a former shipy ...

's ''

Robinson Crusoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' ( ) is an English adventure novel by Daniel Defoe, first published on 25 April 1719. Written with a combination of Epistolary novel, epistolary, Confessional writing, confessional, and Didacticism, didactic forms, the ...

'',

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIF ...

's ''

Gulliver's Travels ''Gulliver's Travels'', originally titled ''Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships'', is a 1726 prose satire by the Anglo-Irish writer and clerg ...

'', and

Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best known for his no ...

's ''

Don Quixote , the full title being ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'', is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, the novel is considered a founding work of Western literature and is of ...

''. In later years his books were increasingly centered around his illustrations, with the text written for his images e.g. (1844), (1845), and (1846). Grandville typically made drawings for publishers that were later copied into lithographs and woodcuts by professional engravers, only occasionally did he make his own prints. He married his cousin Marguerite Henriette Fischer in 1833 and they had three sons, but Marguerite and all three sons predeceased him, all on separate occasions. He remarried in 1843 to Catherine Marceline "Céline" Lhuillier and they had one son, Armand in 1845. Traditional accounts say that he went mad and died in an insane asylum; however, recent authors say that although the hospital where he died in Paris, Maison de Santé in Vanves, did treat the mentally ill among other illnesses, he was not "mad" and likely died of a throat infection, possibly

diphtheria Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacteria, bacterium ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae''. Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild Course (medicine), clinical course, but in some outbreaks, the mortality rate approaches 10%. Signs a ...

Life

Early life: 1803–1830

Jean Ignace Isidore Gerard, "Grandville", was born on September 15, 1803, in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle, in northeastern France. His parents called him Adolphe, a name that originated from an older brother who had died three months before Grandville was born, and a name that followed him through the rest of his life. His father, Jean-Baptiste Gérard, was a noted painter of miniatures. He inherited his father's talent and exhibited an aptitude for drawing at an early age. He received his earliest education in art from his father and several authors have noted his father's influence on his draftsmanship and dense compositions, even in his mature work. Another painter of miniatures and lithographer, Léon-André Larue, called Mansion, was a relative who encouraged Grandville to go to Paris and learn lithography.

Lithography Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

had only recently been invented in Germany in the 1790s and was rapidly gaining popularity in Paris as a fast and cheap alternative to engraving and etching, for mass-producing prints and illustrated publications. In a period of social and political turmoil, inexpensive illustrated newspapers were coming into vogue, and opportunities for draftsmen and illustrators were also on the rise among the publishers and lithography studios in Paris at that time. Grandville was drawn to and influenced by the satirical prints, caricatures, and illustrations (often political) that were growing in popularity in France. Sources differ on the exact year and age, but after completing school, c. 1823Passeron, René. 1975. ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Surrealism.'' Chartwell Books, Inc. Secaucus, N. J.288 pp. (page 99) –1825,Melot, Michel. 2007.
Grandeville, J. J.
' encyclopedia.com. (accessed July 2, 2022) Grandville moved to Paris and began pursuing a career in illustration and lithography. One account states his first lithograph titled ''La Marchande de cerises'' (''The Cherry Seller''), was published in Nancy 1824 or 1825.Manty, Kris. 2020.
The Wonderfully Odd World of French Artist J. J. Grandville.
' antiquetrader.com (accessed July 2, 2022) Grandville's parents had friends and family in Paris working in the theater who provided work and connections early on, including a relative, Frédéric Lemétheyer, who was a stage manager in the

Opéra-Comique The Opéra-Comique () is a Paris opera company which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular Théâtre de la foire, theatres of the Parisian fairs. In 1762 the company was merged with – and for a time took the name of – its chief riva ...

. He began using his pseudonym, "Grandville" in Paris. It was derived from "Gérard de Grandville", his paternal grandparents stage name when they were actors and worked in the court of Lorraine. The pseudonym Grandville appeared in numerous variations throughout his career, including Grandville, Jean-Jacques Granville, J. J. Grandville, Jean Ignace Isidore Grandville, J. I. I. Grandville, Jean de Granville, and other variants. He designed illustrations for decks of playing cards and worked with

Hippolyte Lecomte Hippolyte Lecomte (; 28 December 1781, Puiseaux – 25 July 1857, Paris) was a French painter best known for large scale historical paintings and ballet designs. His wife, born Camille Vernet, was the sister of the painter Émile Jean-Horace ...

, a painter and ballet set designer in Paris, for whom he produced a set of color lithographs ' in 1826. That set was followed by additional series including 12 lithographs created for the printer Langlumé titled (''Sundays of a Paris Bourgeois'' or ''The Tribulations of Small Property''), in 1826. Subsequent collections included 53 prints in ''La Sibylle des salons'' (''The Sibyl of the Salons'') in 1827 and 12 prints in ' (''Titles for Musical Pieces'') in 1828. Grandville lived a

bohemian Bohemian or Bohemians may refer to: *Anything of or relating to Bohemia Culture and arts * Bohemianism, an unconventional lifestyle, originally practised by 19th–20th century European and American artists and writers. * Bohemian style, a ...

life in the late 1820s and early 1830s, renting in a small room on the upper floor of a building which is said to have been crowded with pens and papers where he drew incessantly. It became a gathering place for artist, writers, singers, lithographers and others. The painter

Paul Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (; Paris, 17 July 1797 – Paris, 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subje ...

was a neighbor during this period.

Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas (born Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas , was a French novelist and playwright. His works have been translated into many languages and he is one of the mos ...

was among the milieu and later wrote of the time, "If we had money, we had beer. If not, we were happy just to smoke, joke and argue." Grandville was described as a thin, somewhat quiet, and at times melancholy man, although Dumas noted he also had a sharp wit and a competitive side to him. It was in this period that he met the charismatic 28-year-old

Charles Philipon Charles Philipon (19 April 1800 – 26 January 1862) was a French lithographer, caricaturist and journalist. He was the founder and director of the satirical political journals ''La Caricature (1830–1843), La Caricature'' and of ''Le C ...

, an editor and lithographer with the newspaper La Silhouette. Grandville's first real success was ' (''The Metamorphoses of the Day''), a set of 70 color lithographs published in 1829. In this series, figures with human bodies but the heads of various animals, from fish to elephants, are depicted acting out a human comedy, perceptively satirizing the bourgeois of Paris and human nature in general. It established his reputation with the public and he was thereafter sought after as an illustrator by publishers and periodicals. In 1830 he published ' (''Voyage to Eternity''), a series of nine lithographs in which death, in the form of a variously dressed skeleton, pays visits to a variety of Parisians, and is finally seen triumphantly leading a parade of young soldiers to their fate. Printing was stopped after only few copies were made due to the dark theme, which was possibly inspired by

Thomas Rowlandson Thomas Rowlandson (; 13 July 1757 – 21 April 1827) was an English artist and caricaturist of the Georgian Era, noted for his political satire and social observation. A prolific artist and printmaker, Rowlandson produced both individual soc ...

's ''

Dance of Death The ''Danse Macabre'' (; ), also called the Dance of Death, is an artistic genre of allegory from the Late Middle Ages on the universality of death. The ''Danse Macabre'' consists of the dead, or a personification of death, summoning represen ...

''. However, it did succeed in gaining him more notoriety and the admiration of a few such as

Champfleury Jules François Felix Fleury-Husson (17 September 1821, in Laon, Aisne – 6 December 1889, in Sèvres), who wrote under the name Champfleury (), was a French art critic and novelist, a prominent supporter of the Realist movement in painting an ...

and

Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly ; ; born Honoré Balzac; 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence ''La Comédie humaine'', which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is ...

. ' (1829), color lithographs File:Les Métamorphoses du jour p. II (cropped).jpg, No. 2: ' (''Wait wait! little cat''). File:Les Métamorphoses du jour p. XXIII (cropped).jpg, No. 23: ' (''Waiting for a guest''). File:Les Métamorphoses du jour p. XLIII (cropped).jpg, No. 43: ' (''Would you like to have lunch with us, mother Pilon?''). File:Les Métamorphoses du jour p. XLVI (cropped).jpg, No. 46: ' (''An Ugly Delegation''). File:Les Métamorphoses du jour p. LII - Restoration.jpg, No. 52: ' (''A Heatwave'').

The French Revolution of 1830: 1830–1835

In the

French Revolution of 1830 The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after the first of 1789–99. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French B ...

, the "Three Glorious Days" (July 27–29) saw the liberal, republican, working class of Paris fighting in the streets to bring down the

Bourbon Bourbon may refer to: Food and drink * Bourbon whiskey, an American whiskey made using a corn-based mash * Bourbon, a beer produced by Brasseries de Bourbon * Bourbon biscuit, a chocolate sandwich biscuit * Bourbon coffee, a type of coffee ma ...

monarch

Charles X Charles X may refer to: * Charles X of France (1757–1836) * Charles X Gustav (1622–1660), King of Sweden * Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (1523–1590), recognized as Charles X of France but renounced the royal title See also * * King Charle ...

, who was replaced by his more liberally minded cousin

. These same republican workers were rapidly marginalized as the bourgeoisie appropriated the social, economic, and political gains of the revolution to their own ends.

is known to have fought with the workers and it is possible that Grandville and others in his circle participated in the fighting as well. Several satirical republican periodicals begin to emerge in Paris at this time, including La Silhouette, Tribune, '' La Caricature'', ''

L'Artiste ''L’Artiste'' was a weekly illustrated review published in Paris from 1831 to 1904, supplying "the richest single source of contemporary commentary on artists, exhibitions and trends from the Romanticism, Romantic era to the end of the ninetee ...

'', ''

Le Charivari ''Le Charivari'' was an illustrated magazine published in Paris, France, from 1832 to 1937. It published caricatures, political cartoons and reviews. After 1835, when the government banned political caricature, ''Le Charivari'' began publishing ...

'', Corsaire, Réformateur, Bon Sens, Populaire, and others. These papers were often political, provocative, and pressed the issue that the workers had been pivotal in bringing Louis Philippe to power, but were now dismissed by the new monarchy.Melot, Michel. 1984. ''The Art of Illustration.'' Edition d'Art Albert Skira/Rizzoli International Publishing. New York, N. Y. 269 pp. (pages 148–158) The success of Grandville's previous lithographic series led to invitations to design cartoons for these papers. The first of these was the satirical paper La Silhouette where his friend

was working as an editor. Grandville's lithograph ''Let's Put Out the Light and Rekindle the Fire!'' ("the light" of

the Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was a European intellectual and philosophical movement active from the late 17th to early 19th century. Chiefly valuing knowledge gained through rationalism and empirici ...

and "the fire" of book-burning), criticizing censorship of the press, was published in June 1830 and quickly proscribed by the government.Mainardi, Patricia 2018.
Grandville, Visions, and Dreams
'' The Public Domain Review (accessed 2022) La Silhouette had a short run (December 1829 – January 1831), folding after the administration's fines and pressure. It was only one in a succession of papers of similar content, many of which buckled under government pressure, and in some cases the same editors, writers, and illustrators moved from one paper to the next. Before La Silhouette closed,

and Auguste Audibert founded La Caricature in 1830, with

as a literary editor and Grandville,

Achille Devéria Achille Jacques-Jean-Marie Devéria (6 February 180023 December 1857) was a French painter and lithographer known for his portraits of famous writers and artists. His younger brother was the Romantic painter Eugène Devéria, and two of his six ...

, Edme Jean Pigal,

Auguste Raffet Denis Auguste Marie Raffet (2 March 180416 February 1860) was a French illustrator and lithographer. He was a student of Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, and was a retrospective painter of the First French Empire, Empire. Biography Raffet was ...

, and

Charles-Joseph Traviès de Villers Charles-Joseph Traviès de Villers, also known simply as Traviès, (21 February 1804 – 13 August 1859) was a Swiss-born French painter, lithographer, and caricaturist whose work appeared regularly in ''Le Charivari'' and '' La Caricature''. Hi ...

as cartoonist and lithographers. As one author put it "From 1830 to 1835 Philipon and La Caricature waged all-out war against Louis-Philippe." As part of this "war" Grandville designed numerous prints, including multi-part lithographs published over a period of weeks that collectors could piece together into one, e.g. the seven part ' (''The Great Crusade Against Liberty'') and ' (''The Hunters in Pursuit of Liberty''). These attacks on monarchy were taken seriously and were not without consequences. Louis Philippe's regime seized papers, levied fines, and sent editors, writers, and illustrators to prison. Daumier was fined 500 francs and spent six months in prison in 1832. Charles Philipon received even greater fines and longer prison terms as did other publishers. Grandville endured persistent harassment from the police, including searches, and one incident described as a mugging in his own building by thuggish policemen, foiled by a neighbor who confronted them with pistols. He is said to have been deeply distressed by these events. Grandville filed criminal charges asserting the police had entered his residence by force, and he later published a lithograph ''Oh!! Les vilaines mouches!!(Oh!! These nasty flies!! )'' Philipon organized L'Association Mensuelle lithographique which offered fine prints to its members in the early 1830s. Grandville produced over half the prints, with the profits going to pay the paper's fines. As La Caricature was collapsing, Philipon launched yet another review,

in 1832, in which political attacks were more subtle, oblique, and veiled and the cartoons often addressed broader, less political, social satire. Grandville, Philipon, and Daumier, achieved a level of celebrity status among factions of the public, as much for their defiant opposition as their cartoons. His political cartoons enjoyed great popularity with the public and were held in high regard by many. Publishers and editors such as Edouard Charton of Le magasin pittoresque, as gave Grandville the freedom to choose his own subjects and create his images. The business of caricaturing was financially tenuous. The papers typically paid cartoonists by the print and artist considered themselves lucky to receive a contract for drawing on a regular basis. Grandville had made his earlier lithographs himself, but after he started producing cartoons for the periodicals about 1831, he typically turned his original drawings over to publishers who had professional lithographers copy his images for printing. Color was sometimes added in colorist studios, almost always women, who applied watercolor or gouache by hand, following notes supplied by the artists. The " Fieschi attentat", an unsuccessful assassination attempt on King Louis Philippe occurred on July 28, 1835, the fifth anniversary of the July Revolution. The

September Laws September laws can refer to: * The September 1835 laws during July Monarchy The July Monarchy (), officially the ''Kingdom of France'' (), was a liberalism, liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 9 August 1830, after the ...

soon followed, with censorship of the press and significantly longer prison sentences for publishing criticisms of the king and his administration. Caricatures required approval from the government before they were published and the press was forbidden to report on trials involving the press.Rey, Robert. 1965. ''Daumier, The Library of Great Painters.'' Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 160 pp. ages 18–19, 28, & 40/ref> Political lithographs (1830–1835) File:Grandville, Auferstehung, 1832, K138.jpg, ''Resurrection of Censorship'' (1832), La Caricature, No. 62, 21.7 x 26.5 cm File:Digestion du budget (cropped).jpg, ''Digestion of the Budget: Administrative, Political, Moral and above all Economic Work'' (1832), La Caricature, No. 82, 16.7 x 31 cm File:The People Delivered to the Vampire Taxes MET DP818656 (cropped).jpg, ''The People Delivered to the Vampire Taxes'' (1833), L'Association Mensuelle No. 10, 23.4 x 33.7 cm File:Aanval van de Franse overheid op de vrijheid van drukpers Descente dans les ateliers de la liberté de la presse (titel op object), RP-P-2015-26-1607 (cropped).jpg, ''French Government Attack on the Freedom of the Printing Press'' (1833), La Caricature, 35.4 x 53.3 cm File:Etrennes au peuple (cropped).jpg, ''Gifts to the People'' (1833), La Caricature, No. 113, 23.4 x 20.4

Later career: 1836–1847

At the outbreak of the July Revolution of 1830, Grandville was a 26-year-old bachelor living a bohemian life. By the time the

were passed in 1835, he was a 31-year-old husband, and a father. He quit producing political cartoons after the September Laws and turned to illustrating books. It has been postulated that he was relieved and even happy to leave the politics and police harassment behind at this point in his life. In July 1833 he married a cousin from Nancy, Marguerite Henriette Fischer and the couple maintained an apartment close to his studio, and rented a house near the outskirts of town.Paulson, Noelle C. 2011. Book Review: Clive F. Getty.
The Diary of J. J. Grandville and the Missouri Album: The Life of an Opposition Caricaturist and Romantic Book Illustrator in Paris under the July Monarchy.
' Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2010 . College Art Association. In 1834 their first son Ferdinand was born. A second son, Henri, was born in fall of 1838, but tragedy soon struck the family. Marguerite's health is said to have declined with each birth and Ferdinand died of

meningitis Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasion ...

about the time Henri was born. In 1841 Henri choked to death on a piece of bread while his parents helplessly watched. A third son, Georges, was born in July 1842 but, Marguerite died of

peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One pa ...

later that month. Grandville remarried in October 1843 to Catherine Marceline Lhuillier (1819–1888) who was the mother of his fourth son Armand, born in 1845. One source states that from her deathbed, his first wife Marguerite, had a hand in selecting Catherine as a second wife and stepmother for her husband and son. The first major undertaking in book illustration that Grandville undertook was a volume of song lyrics by the popular French songwriter

Pierre-Jean de Béranger Pierre-Jean de Béranger (; 19 August 1780 – 16 July 1857) was a prolific France, French poet and Chansonnier (singer), chansonnier (songwriter), who enjoyed great popularity and influence in France during his lifetime, but faded into obscurity ...

, first published with 38 wood engravings in 1835, and an expanded edition with 100 engravings in 1837. This was followed by several volumes of classic literature, including as ''

'', Defoe's ''

'', Swift's ''

'', Boccaccio's ''

The Decameron ''The Decameron'' (; or ''Decamerone'' ), subtitled ''Prince Galehaut'' (Old ) and sometimes nicknamed ''l'Umana commedia'' ("the Human Comedy (drama), comedy", as it was Boccaccio that dubbed Dante Alighieri's ''Divine Comedy, Comedy'' "''D ...

'', and Cervantes's ''

''. While his illustrations for classic prose include some fine, if conventional illustrations, they did not provide him with the opportunity to give free range to his imagination. He had a greater affinity for children's literature, that shows in his illustration for La Fontaine Fables, and later the Fables of Lavalette and Florian, collectively ranking among his finest work. He made a series of drawings for Perrault's ''Little Red Riding Hood'' but these were not published. Grandville adapted and refined his style in switching from cartoons to book illustrations, which coincided with the evolving printing technology and a shift from lithography to wood engraving. Previously, illustrations were typically printed on separate pages that were inserted into the text. With end-cut wood engravings, fine detail could be achieved on the hard end grain of wooden blocks, that could then be placed with the typographical blocks and printed on the same page with the text, lowering cost, and increasing the speed and quality of illustrated texts. Wood engravings also deteriorate less quickly than metal plates used for

intaglio printing Intaglio ( ; ) is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. It is the direct opposite of a relief print where the parts of the matrix that m ...

. Grandville did not engrave the wooden blocks himself. Typical of 19th century illustrators, he provided his original drawings to his publishers which were then carved by professional engravers for his book illustrations. Book illustrations (after 1836) wood engravings File:"The Good Pope" from The Complete Works of Béranger Met DP887593 (cropped).jpg, ''The Good Pope'', Complete Works of Béranger (1836) File:"The Good God" from The Complete Works of Béranger Met DP887573 (cropped).jpg, ''The Good God'', Complete Works of Béranger (1836) File:Podroze Gulliwera w nieznajome kraje. T. 1 1851 (107562506) (cropped).jpg, ''Giants look at Gulliver'', Gulliver's Travels (1838) File:Podroze Gulliwera w nieznajome kraje. T. 1 1851 (107562020) (cropped).jpg, ''Gulliver pulling the fleet'', Gulliver's Travels (1838) File:Przypadki Robinsona Kruzoe. T. 1 1844 (113599495) (cropped).jpg, ''My journey began'', Robinson Crusoe (1840) File:Przypadki Robinsona Kruzoe. T. 1 1844 (113599569) (cropped).jpg, ''At the foot of the hill'', Robinson Crusoe (1840) File:Fables de Florian 1845 (8323176) (cropped).jpg, ''The Carp and the Carpillons'', Fables de Florian (1842) File:Fables de Florian 1845 (8323896) (cropped).jpg, ''The Viper and the Leech'', Fables de Florian (1842) File:Grandville (1848), woodcut, illustration for Don Quixote.jpg, ''Don Quixote's fight with the red wine skins'' (1847) By the early 1840s, Grandville was increasingly illustrating books that were centered around his images. Working in collaboration with publishers and contemporary Parisian writers, he was at times given free regain of his imagination and the images. He produced about one book a year, his name often appearing before the authors on the title page, in which his illustrations were equally as important as the text, if not the main focus of the book. Not surprisingly some of his finest work and that for which he is best remembered today appeared in this period. Most of the authors he worked with had some past connections or background with the radical press of the early 1830s. The first was '' Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux'' (''Scenes of the Private and Public Life of Animals''), a satirical compilation of articles and short stories, first published in serial form over a couple of years, then in a two volume set in 1842, with 320 wood engravings by Grandville. Multiple authors contributed to the books including

Louis-François L'Héritier Louis-François L'Héritier, also known under the name L'Héritier de l'Ain (30 May 1788Date given by Roger Pierrot in his critical study about Honoré de Balzac's ''Correspondance'', published in 1960 by Garnier (p. 766). Joseph-Marie Quéra ...

Alfred de Musset Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (; 11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist.His names are often reversed "Louis Charles Alfred de Musset": see "(Louis Charles) Alfred de Musset" (bio), Biography.com, 2007 ...

Paul de Musset Paul Edme de Musset (7 November 1804 – 17 May 1880) was a French writer. He was born in Paris, the elder brother of Alfred de Musset. Paul de Musset's career centred largely on the life and achievements of his more famous brother. In 185 ...

Charles Nodier Jean Charles Emmanuel Nodier (; 29 April 1780 – 27 January 1844) was a French author and librarian who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the ''conte fantastique'', gothic literature, and vampire tales. His dream related writi ...

, and

Louis Viardot Louis Viardot (; 31 July 1800 in Dijon, France5 May 1883 in Paris, France) was a French writer, art historian, art critic, theatrical figure, and translator. As a translator, he mostly contributed to the development of Russian and Spanish literatu ...

. This was followed by ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'' (''Little Miseries of Human Life'') in 1843, with text by , a contributor to

who sometimes published under the pseudonym "Old Nick". Old Nick also coauthored ''Cent proverbes: têxte par trois Tetes dans un bonnet'' (''One Hundred Proverbs: Text by Three Heads in a Bonnet'') with Taxile Delord and Louis Amédée Achard in 1845. provided the text for ''Un autre monde'' (''Another World'') in 1844, regarded by many as Grandville's masterpiece and ironically the least successful volume in his lifetime. Delord, a writer and critic who was editor-in-chief of Le Charivari and later entered French politics, also wrote ''Les fleurs animées'' (''Animated Flowers'' or ''Flowers Personified''), completed in 1846 and published posthumously. ''Jérôme Paturot à la recherche d'une position sociale'' (''Jérôme Paturot in Search of a Social Position''), a social satire by Marie Roch Louis Reybaud published in 1846 and a great success, was the last book completed and published in his lifetime. A romanticized myth emerged around Grandville's death that persisted for 150 years or more. Traditional accounts asserted Grandville's bizarre imagery was symptomatic of a disturbed mind, and the death of his family left him gray-haired and hunchbacked by the time he was forty, ultimately sending him over the edge into madness, and he died in an insane asylum. However, recent scholarship does not support this tale. In the days and weeks before his death Grandville was still producing some of his finest drawings, such as ''Crime and Expiation'', and his correspondence with publishers reflect a clear and rational mind anticipating future projects. By all accounts the sudden illness and death of his third son George affected him deeply, some saying this occurred "around late 1846 or early 1847", others place it only three days before his own death. On March 1, 1847, Grandville begin suffering from a sore throat and his condition progressively deteriorated over the following weeks. It has been speculated he had

. He was eventually taken to a private clinic, 8 Maison de Santé in Vanves, where

Felix Voisin Felix may refer to: * Felix (name), people and fictional characters with the name Places * Arabia Felix is the ancient Latin name of Yemen * Felix, Spain, a municipality of the province Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, ...

and

Jean-Pierre Falret Jean-Pierre Falret (; 26 April 1794 – 28 October 1870) was a French psychiatrist. He was born and died in Marcilhac-sur-Célé.

, two innovative

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

s worked. He died there on March 17, 1847 and was buried in the Cimetière Nord of

Saint-Mandé Saint-Mandé (; named for Saint Maudez) is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in Île-de-France, in the high-end eastern inner suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, cent ...

of Paris next to his first wife and three sons. The artist wrote his own epitaph, translations vary: "Here lies Grandville; he loved everything, made everything live, speak, and walk, but he could not make a way for himself." or "Here lies J. J. Grandville. He could bring anything to life and, like God, he made it live, talk and walk. Only one thing eluded him: how to live a life of his own." Later work (1840s), wood engravings File:Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux, tome 2 0400.jpg, ''The Garden of Beast'': from ''Scènes de la vie des animaux'' (1842) File:Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux, tome 2 0514 (cropped).jpg, ''He spins his cocoon and buries in a book'': ''Scènes de la vie des animaux'' File:Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux, tome 2 0286 (cropped).jpg, ''Follow me! said a voice, my bad side no doubt'': ''Scènes de la vie des animaux'' File:Die kleinen Leiden des menschlichen Lebens 1842 (115794637) (cropped).jpg, Frontispiece: from ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'' (1843) File:Die kleinen Leiden des menschlichen Lebens 1842 (115796912) (cropped).jpg, ''Gallery of Horrors'': from ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'' File:Die kleinen Leiden des menschlichen Lebens 1842 (115795938) (cropped) (cropped).jpg, ''The Nightmare'': from ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'' File:Grandville - Cent Proverbes, 1845 (page 400 crop).jpg, ''Fools invent fashions, and the wise follow'': from ''Cent Proverbes'' (1845) File:Grandville Cent Proverbes page141 (cropped 2).png, ''For the money the dogs dance'': from ''Cent Proverbes'' File:Grandville - Cent Proverbes, 1845 (page 290 crop).jpg, ''All that glitters is not gold'': from ''Cent Proverbes''

Art

Though the designs of Grandville are occasionally unnatural and absurd, they usually display keen analysis of character and marvellous inventive ingenuity, and his humour is always tempered and refined by delicacy of sentiment and a vein of sober thoughtfulness. Grandville's ability for political provocation made his work much in demand. He worked in a wide variety of formats, from his first job illustrating the parlor game ''Old Maid'', to illustrated newspaper strips of which he was a master. His illustrations for ''Le Diable à Paris'' ("The Devil In Paris"; 1844–1846) were used by

Walter Benjamin Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin ( ; ; 15 July 1892 – 26 September 1940) was a German-Jewish philosopher, cultural critic, media theorist, and essayist. An eclectic thinker who combined elements of German idealism, Jewish mysticism, Western M ...

for his study of that city as an urban organism. One of Grandville's supreme achievements, at a time when French printing technology was ascendant, was ''Les Fleurs Animées'', a series of images that are both poetic and satirical. Perhaps his most original contribution to the illustrated book form was ''Un Autre Monde'', which approaches the status of pure

surrealism Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike s ...

, despite being conceived in a pre-Freudian age. The full title of the book is, ''Un autre monde: Transformations, visions, incarnations, ascensions, locomotions, explorations, pérégrinations, excursions, stations, cosmogonies, fantasmagories, rêveries, folâtreries, facéties, lubies, métamorphoses, zoomorphoses, lithomorphoses, métempsycoses, apothéoses et autres choses'' (''Another world: Transformations, visions, incarnations, ascents, locomotions, explorations, peregrinations, excursions, stations, cosmogonies, phantasmagoria, reveries, frolics, pranks, fads, metamorphoses, zoomorphoses, lithomorphoses, metempsychoses, apotheoses and other things''). Original drawings File:Grandville, Bird's Eye View of a Man and Woman Conversing (c. 1830), National Gallery of Art.jpg, ''Bird's Eye View of a Man and Woman Conversing'' (c. 1830), graphite, 18.3 x 17.8 cm.,

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was privately established in ...

File:Grandville, Le cabinet particulier.jpg, ''Le cabinet particulier'' (''The Private Office'') undated, pen and ink, watercolor, 18.2 x 25.6 cm,

Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...

File:Grandville, A Bulldog Butcher with a Rabbit on his Knee.jpg, ''A Bulldog Butcher with a Rabbit on his Knee'' (undated), pen & ink, 9.9 x 11.7 cm.,

Morgan Library & Museum The Morgan Library & Museum (originally known as the Pierpont Morgan Library and colloquially known the Morgan) is a museum and research library in New York City, New York, U.S. Completed in 1906 as the private library of the banker J. P. Morg ...

File:An Insect Ball (1835), pen, ink and watercolor, 12.5 x 21.3 cm., Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg, ''An Insect Ball'' (1835), pen, ink, and watercolor, 12.5 x 21.3 cm.,

Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Located in the Wade Park District of University Circle, the museum is internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian art, Asian and Art of anc ...

File:Grandville, Visiting of the Piggy Banks, Un autre monde,. (1843), Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen.jpg, ''The Visiting of the Piggy Banks'', from ''Another World'' (1843), pen, ink and wash,

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen () is an art museum in Rouen, in Normandy in north-western France. It was established by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1801, and is housed in a building designed by and built between 1877, and 1888. Its collections in ...

File:Grandville, Jérôme Paturot (ca. 1846), Metropolitan Museum (A).jpg, ''Jérôme Paturot'' (1846), pen and ink, 20.4 x 14 cm.,

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

Legacy

wrote in his memoirs: "Grandville had a delicate and sarcastic smile, eyes that sparkled with intelligence, a satirical mouth, short figure, large heart and a delightful tincture of melancholy perceptible everywhere — that is your portrait, dear Grandville!" Interest in Grandville's art remained relatively high for a few of decades after his death. His final works were published posthumously and several of his books were reissued in later editions and translated into other languages. Rue Grandville (48.83919°N, 2.42015°E), in the

commune of Paris, is named in his honor. A monument with a bust of Grandville by Ernest Bussière was erected in the Parc de la Pépinière in

in 1893.

Théophile Gautier Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier ( , ; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic. While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and rema ...

's ''Portraits contemporains'' includes a short chapter on Grandville. Over 25 years after Grandville's death, Gautier wrote that Grandville still enjoyed "a popular reputation and whose drawings, caricatures, and illustrations are known to everyone". Although Gautier judged Grandville less a colorist than Daumier and less a poet than Tony Johannot, he stated, "His original pen-and-ink drawings are exquisite in finesse, liveliness, and well rendered, and will gain in value year after year. We can ape Grandville, but will not equal it again."Gautier, Théophile. 1874.
''Portraits Contemporains.''
Charpentier et cie. Paris. 464 pp. (pages 231-233).

expressed ambivalent views of Grandville. He was an enthusiastic supporter and collector of Grandville's early print series, and the two worked together at La Caricature in the early 1830s, where Balzac worked as an editor, and caricatures were an integral part of the newspaper. However in the 1840s, when publishers begin including illustrations in books, Balzac became more critical. He believed illustrations competed with the written word, distorted and diluted the text, and were undermining the market for novels, perhaps with some justification. Balzac contributed chapters to Grandville's ''Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux'' (1842) which was one of the bestsellers of the 1840s, selling 25,000 copies, while Balzac's first edition novels of the period were only selling 1,200–3,000 copies.Berg, Keri Ann. 2003.
Fighting for the page: Balzac, Grandville and the power of images, 1830–1848.
' Texas Scholar Works, University of Texas at Austin. (accessed July 28, 2022).

Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...

, friend and champion of

, was not a fan of Grandville. It seems odd that the author of ''

Les Fleurs du mal ''Les Fleurs du mal'' (; ) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire. ''Les Fleurs du mal'' includes nearly all Baudelaire's poetry, written from 1840 until his death in August 1867. First published in 1857, it was important in the ...

'' (''The Flowers of Evil''), with poems such as ''Spleen'', and the great admirer and translator of

Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely re ...

, felt frightened by the images of Grandville. Today his criticisms read like an underhanded compliment.

There are superficial people whom Grandville amuses, but as for me, he frightens me. When I enter into Grandville's work, I feel a certain discomfort, like in an apartment where disorder is systematically organized, where bizarre cornices rest on the floor, where paintings seem distorted by an optic lens, where objects are deformed by being shoved together at odd angles, where furniture has its feet in the air, and where drawers push in instead of pulling out.
Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...
(1857)Baudelaire, Charles. 1857. É''crits sur l’art, Quelque caricaturistes françaises''. Présent, October 1. (Yves Florence editor. 1971. Paris Gallimard. Vol. I, page 349.)

His style and humour had a marked influence on

and various other Punch-cartoonists. Grandville Dream of Crime and Punishment 1847

The art historian H. W. Janson noted Grandville's imagery anticipated various aspects of

dada Dada () or Dadaism was an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 in the context of the Great War and the earlier anti-art movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had s ...

, and pop art. Janson speculated if

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, Futurism and conceptual art. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Pica ...

's ''Tu m (1918) could have been inspired by Grandville's ''View of the Paris Salon'', from ''Un autre monde'', both of which involve subjects from the two dimensional surface of a painting emerging from the canvas into the real three dimensional space of the viewer. Janson asserted that Grandville's illustration ''The Finger of God'', also from ''Un autre monde'', must have been familiar to pop artists producing large scale sculptures such as

César Baldaccini César (born Cesare Baldaccini; 1 January 1921 – 6 December 1998), also occasionally referred to as César Baldaccini (), was a French sculptor. César was at the forefront of the Nouveau réalisme movement with his radical compressions (co ...

's ''Le pouce'' (''The Thumb'') in 1966.Janson, H. W. 1977. ''History of Art: A Survey of the Major Visual Arts from the Dawn of History to the Present Day. 2nd. edition.'' Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. New York. 767 pp. ages 662 & 687 Grandville's affinity with surrealism has been recognized since the 1930s. His work was included in the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

's landmark exhibition ''Fantastic Art, Dada, and Sureealism'' in 1936.Barr, Alfred H. Jr. 1936. ''Fantastic Art, Dada and Surrealism''. The Museum of Modern Art. New York. 248 pp. (page 209-210) However, the art historian

William Rubin William Stanley Rubin (August 11, 1927January 22, 2006) was an American art scholar, a distinguished curator, critic, collector, art historian and teacher of modern art. From 1968 to 1988, Rubin was a curator at The Museum of Modern Art locat ...

pointed out the absence of any reference or recognition of Grandville by

in his two manifestos of surrealism, or the other surrealists in the formative years of the movement in the 1920s.Rubin, William S. 1968. ''Dada and Surrealist Art.'' Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. New York. 525 pp.

age 122 Age or AGE may refer to: Time and its effects * Age, the amount of time someone has been alive or something has existed ** East Asian age reckoning, an Asian system of marking age starting at 1 * Ageing or aging, the process of becoming older * ...

/ref> After a period of relative obscurity in the early 20th century, Grandville's work became widely reproduced in the 1930s. Renewed interest in his work coincided with the rise of surrealism as a mainstream movement. It was apparently only in hindsight that André Breton,

Georges Bataille Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (; ; 10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French philosopher and intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, ...

Max Ernst Max Ernst (; 2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic trai ...

and others came to recognize Grandville as a significant precursor to the movement (but not an influence). Max Ernst was particularly enthusiastic about Grandville's work and included him in a montage of 40 names, titled ''Max Ernst's favorite poets and painters'', originally published in View, 1941, alongside Bosch, Vinci,

Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...

Blake Blake or Blake's may refer to: People * Blake (given name), a given name of English origin (includes a list of people with the name) * Blake (surname), a surname of English origin (includes a list of people with the name) ** William Blake (1757 ...

, Poe,

Van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade, he created approximately 2,100 artwork ...

, Chirico, and others.Hofmann, Werner, Wieland Schmied, Werner Spies. 1973. ''Max Ernst: Inside the Sight.'' Institute for the Arts, Rice University. Houston, Texas. 159 pp. age 9 Ernst later made the frontispiece for a 1963 facsimile edition of ''Un autre monde'' with a caption reading "A new world is born. All praise to Grandville." British

rock Rock most often refers to: * Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids * Rock music, a genre of popular music Rock or Rocks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wale ...

band

Queen Queen most commonly refers to: * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen (band), a British rock band Queen or QUEEN may also refer to: Monarchy * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Q ...

used part of his artwork for their 1991 album ''

Innuendo An innuendo is a wikt:hint, hint, wikt:insinuation, insinuation or wikt:intimation, intimation about a person or thing, especially of a denigrating or derogatory nature. It can also be a remark or question, typically disparaging (also called in ...

'' and alternate pieces for most of the subsequent single releases: the album's title track, "

I'm Going Slightly Mad "I'm Going Slightly Mad" is a song by the British rock band Queen. Written by Freddie Mercury but credited to Queen, with uncredited lyrical contributions by Peter Straker, it was released as the second single from the band's 1991 album ''Innuend ...

", "

These Are the Days of Our Lives "These Are the Days of Our Lives" is a song by the British rock band Queen. Although credited to the whole band, it was largely written by their drummer Roger Taylor, and is the eighth track on the band's 1991 album ''Innuendo''. The song was ...

" and "

The Show Must Go On "The show must go on" is a phrase in show business, meaning that regardless of what happens, whatever show has been planned still has to be staged for the waiting patrons. There is no evidence to suggest that it is the abbreviation of a longer p ...

". The video clip of ''

'' featured animated versions of the illustrations inspired by Grandville, and the single "

" also featured one of this characters on the back of the sleeve and as the basis for a picture disc release. American

grunge Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is an alternative rock Music genre, genre and subculture that emerged during the in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington, particularly in Seattle and Music of Olympia, Washington, O ...

band

Alice in Chains Alice in Chains (often abbreviated as AiC) is an American rock band formed in Seattle in 1987. Since 2006, the band's lineup has comprised vocalist/guitarists Jerry Cantrell and William DuVall, bassist Mike Inez, and drummer Sean Kinney. Voca ...

used part of Grandville's artwork ("In a Case Attached to the Bottle was a Manuscript") on the back of their self-titled 1995 album. The graphic novel '' Grandville'' by

Bryan Talbot Bryan Talbot (born 24 February 1952) is a British comics artist and writer, best known as the creator of '' The Adventures of Luther Arkwright'' and its sequels '' Heart of Empire'' and '' The Legend of Luther Arkwright'', as well as the ''Gra ...

was greatly inspired by Grandville's illustrations. Grandville's art is used extensively in the video game '' Aviary Attorney'', which is set during a fictionalized version of the

French Revolution of 1848 The French Revolution of 1848 (), also known as the February Revolution (), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked t ...

Gallery

La Fontaine 's Fables (1838–1840) wood engravings File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 01-02 . Le corbeau et le renard (cropped).jpg, '' The Fox and the Crow'', Vol. I, no. 2 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 01-16 . La Mort et le Bûcheron (cropped).jpg, '' Death and the Woodcutter'', Vol. I, no. 16 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 01-22 . Le Chêne et le Roseau (cropped).jpg, ''

The Oak and the Reed The Oak and the Reed is one of Aesop's Fables and is numbered 70 in the Perry Index. It appears in many versions: in some it is with many reeds that the oak converses and in a late rewritten version it disputes with a willow. The story and its va ...

'', Vol. I, no. 22 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 04-07 . Le Singe et le Dauphin (cropped).jpg, ''The Monkey and the Dolphin'', Vol. IV, no. 7 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 05-02 . Le Pot de terre et le Pot de fer (cropped).jpg, '' The Earthen Pot and the Iron Pot'', Vol. V, no. 2 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 06-10 . Le Lièvre et la Tortue (cropped).jpg, '' The Turtle and the Hare'', Vol. VI, no. 10 File:Grandville - Fables de La Fontaine - 10-01 . Les Deux Rats, le Renard et l'Œuf (cropped).jpg, ''The Two Rats the Fox and the Egg'', Vol. X, no. 1 ''Un autre monde'' (1843–44), preliminary drawings: graphite, pen & ink, some with watercolor File:Grandville, Société des enfants d'Apollon.jpg, ''Concert a la Vapor'', private collection File:Le Cirque Grandville (cropped).jpg, ''The Circus Seen from the Sky'',

Musée Carnavalet The Musée Carnavalet () in Paris is dedicated to the History of Paris, history of the city. The museum occupies two neighboring mansions: the Hôtel Carnavalet and the former Hôtel Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau. On the advice of Baron Haussmann, ...

File:Grandville Le Louvre des marionnettes (cropped).jpg, ''The Finger of God'', private collection File:Grandville La Fête des fleurs (cropped).jpg, ''The Celebration of Flowers'', private collection File:Les Mystères de l'infini (cropped).jpg, ''The Bridge of the Planets'', private collection File:Grandville les grands et les petits def (cropped).jpg, ''The Big and Small'', private collection File:Grandville Un radis dramatique (cropped).jpg, ''A Dramatic Radish'',

Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy The (est. 1750) is a public library in Nancy, France. It houses approximately 400,000 documents, books, maps, plans and prints. Polish king Stanisław Leszczyński began the collection in 1750. The library is located in a 1769 building of the his ...

''Un autre monde'' (1844), wood engravings File:Un autre monde titre (cropped).jpg, ''Another World'', Title page File:Grandville Autre Monde Frontispice (cropped) (cropped).jpg, ''Another World'', Frontispice File:Grandville Concert à la vapeur 2 (cropped).jpg, ''200 Trombones Performing a Tune from the Symphony'' File:Grandville Le Carnaval en bouteille 1 (cropped).jpg, ''In a Case Attached to the Bottle was a Manuscript'' File:Grandville Caractères travestis 2.jpg, ''Puff's Shop Sign for Transvestite Disguises'' File:Grandville Un voyage d'avril 1 alt (cropped).jpg, ''An April Voyage'' File:Grandville, The blind, deaf, and impartial judge (1844).jpg, ''Blind, Deaf, and Impartial Judge'' File:Grandville Une Eclipse conjugale 2 (cropped).jpg, ''Conjugal Eclipse'' File:Grandville Les Amours d'un pantin 4 (cropped).jpg, ''Venus of the Opera'' File:Grandville Une Après Midi 2 (cropped).jpg, ''An Amphibious Dromedary'' File:Grandville Locomotions aériennes 3 (cropped).jpg, ''An Elastic Rocket'' File:Grandville Les Mystères de l'infini 3 (cropped).jpg, ''A Magician with the Planets'' File:Grandville Les Quatre Saisons 3 (cropped).jpg, ''Summer Chose this Place to Make its Thunder'' File:Grandville Les Métamorphoses du sommeil 3 (cropped).jpg, ''Gold is a Chimera'' File:Grandville Les Métamorphoses du sommeil 5 alt (cropped).jpg, ''The Battle of the Cards'' File:Grandville La Meilleure forme de gouvernement 2.jpg, ''His Skill Consist of Being Immobile'' ''Jérôme Paturot à la recherche d'une position sociale'' (1846), wood engravings File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115872621) (cropped).jpg, Title page File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115872641) (cropped).jpg, ''The Bonnet of the Great Romantic'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115872665) (cropped).jpg, ''The premiere of Hernani'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115873056) (cropped).jpg, ''The Asp, Literary Journal'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115873369) (cropped).jpg, ''The Water Cure'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115873551) (cropped).jpg, ''Breakfast with the emancipated'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115873785) (cropped).jpg, ''The hat on the move'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115873874) (cropped).jpg, ''A Small Paturot'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115874397) (cropped).jpg, ''The hungry'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115874799) (cropped).jpg, The hall is solid, it can take the strain! (

Berlioz Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic music, Romantic composer and conductor. His output includes orchestral works such as the ''Symphonie fantastique'' and ''Harold en Italie, Harold in Italy'' ...

) File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115875047) (cropped).jpg, ''Artist admiring his work'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115875392) (cropped).jpg, ''Tobacco'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115876247) (cropped).jpg, ''Skeletons of the Moon Sheep'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115876357) (cropped).jpg, ''A Strange Funnel'' File:Jerome Paturot a la recherche d'une position sociale 1846 (115876483) (cropped).jpg, ''The genius cooks''

Selected works

* ''Les Métamorphoses du jour'' (
Metamorphoses of the Day
'), 73 lithographs, Aubert, Paris, 1829 * ''Voyage pour l'éternité'' (
Voyage to Eternity
'), 9 lithographs, Aubert, Paris, 1830 * La Silhouette (The Silhouette), 9 lithographs, periodical illustrations, 1829–1831 * La Caricature (The Caricature), 120 lithographs, periodical illustrations, 1830–1835 * Le Charivari (Le Charivari), 106 lithographs, periodical illustrations, 1832–1835 * L'Association Mensuelle lithographique (The Association of Monthly Lithographs), 16 lithographs, 1 etching, 1 engraving, periodical illustrations, 1832–1834 * Le Magasin pittoresque (The Picturesque Store), 67 woodcuts, periodical illustrations, 1833–1857 * ''24 breuvages de l'homme'' (''24 Beverages of Man''), 8 lithographs, Bulla, Paris, 1835 * ''Oeuvres complétes de P. de Beranger'' (''Complete works of P. de Béranger''), 38 wood engravings, Fournier et Perrotin, Paris, 1835 (100 wood engravings in 1837 edition) * ''Fables de La Fontaine'' ('' La Fontaine 's Fables''), 258 wood engravings, Fournier et Perrotin, Paris, 1838–1840 * ''Voyages de Gulliver'' (''Gulliver's Travels''), by

Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish writer, essayist, satirist, and Anglican cleric. In 1713, he became the Dean (Christianity), dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, and was given the sobriquet "Dean Swi ...

, 346 wood engravings, Fournier et Furne, Paris, 1838 * ''Les Aventures de Robinson Crusoe'' (''The Adventures of

''), by

Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (; born Daniel Foe; 1660 – 24 April 1731) was an English writer, merchant and spy. He is most famous for his novel ''Robinson Crusoe'', published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translati ...

, 206 wood engravings, Fournier, Paris, 1840 * ''Les Français peints par eux-mêmes'' (''The French Painted by Themselves''), periodical illustrations, 18 wood engravings, 1840 * ''Fables de Lavalette'' (''Fables of Lavalette''), 21 etchings, Paulin et Hetzel, Paris, 1841 (33 etchings in 1847 ed.) * ''Fables de Florian'' (''Fables of Florian''), 95 wood engravings, Dubochet, Paris, 1842 * ''Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux'' (''Scenes of the Private and Public Life of Animals''), 320 wood engravings, Hetzel et Paulin, Paris, 1842 * ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'' (''Little Miseries of Human Life''), by Old Nick & Grandville, 222 wood engravings, Fournier, Paris, 1843 * L'Illustration (The Illustration), 17 wood engravings, periodical illustrations, 1843–1845 * ''Un autre monde'' (''Another World''), text by Taxile Delord, 185 wood engravings, Fournier, Paris, 1844. * ''Cent proverbes: par trois Tetes dans un bonnet'' (''One Hundred Proverbs: by Three Heads in a Bonnet''), by Old Nick, Taxile Delord, &

Amédée Achard Amédée is a French masculine forename. Notable people with the forename include: Persons * Amédée, stage name of Philippe de Chérisey (1923–1985), French writer, radio humorist, surrealist and actor *Amédée Artus (1815–1892), French c ...

, 105 wood engravings, Fournier, Paris, 1845 * ''Jérôme Paturot à la recherche d'une position sociale'' (''Jérôme Paturot in Search of a Social Position''), by

Louis Reybaud Louis may refer to: People * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer Other uses * Louis (coin), a French coin * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also * ...

, 186 wood engravings, Dubochet, Paris, 1846 * ''Les fleurs animées'' (''Animated Flowers'' or ''Flowers Personified''), text by Taxile Delord, 2 wood engravings, 50 engravings, Gabriel de Gonet, Paris 1846 * ''L'Ingénieux hidalgo Don Quichotte de La Mancha'' ('' The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha''), by

, 18 wood engravings, 8 engravings, Ad Mame et Cie, Tours, 1848

References

External links

* (free, available files : html, epub, kindle, text.) * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Gerard, Jean Ignace Isidore 1803 births 1847 deaths Artists from Nancy, France French fantasy artists French caricaturists French editorial cartoonists 19th-century French illustrators French humorists French animal artists oc:Grandville

Life

Early life: 1803–1830

The French Revolution of 1830: 1830–1835

Later career: 1836–1847

Art

Legacy

Gallery

Selected works

References

Further reading

External links