Jean-Joseph Sue () or Jean-Joseph Sue (son)

FRCPE The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty (medicine), specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was establish ...

( – ) was a French physician and surgeon during the

Napoleonic Era The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and history of Europe, Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly (French Revoluti ...

. He was the father of

Eugène Sue Marie-Joseph "Eugène" Sue (; 26 January 18043 August 1857) was a French novelist. He was one of several authors who popularized the genre of the serial novel in France with his very popular and widely imitated '' The Mysteries of Paris'', whi ...

Biography

He was born in Paris. His father was

Jean-Joseph Sue Jean-Joseph Sue (20 April 1710 – 15 December 1792) was a French surgeon and anatomist. Life He was born at La Colle-sur-Loup on 20 April 1710 the son of Pierre Jean Sue (d.1714) and his wife, Marguerite Bellisime (d.1748). Jean-Joseph Sue was ...

''père'' (1710–1792), who came from a 14 physicians family since

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

. He received the Master of Surgery from the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens ...

then earned his M.D. from the

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter i ...

in 1783. His elder brother was

Pierre Sue Pierre Sue FRSE (28 December 1739 – 28 March 1816) was a French anatomist, librarian and physician. Life He was born on 28 December 1739 the son of Jean-Joseph Sue and his wife, Jeanne Angelique Martin de Martin. His younger brother was Je ...

. He did not succeed his father to the

Hôpital de la Charité Hôpital de la Charité (, "Charity Hospital") was a hospital in Paris founded by the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in the 17th century. In 1935, it was closed and demolished to make way for the new faculty of medicine. Located at 45, ...

where he only took a position of surgeon substitute but he retrieved his father's professorship of anatomy at the

Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (; ) was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. I ...

, where he served as professor from 8 March 1789. He also taught anatomy at the Atheneum and the Royal School of surgery, and delivered his care to a thriving clientele in its own cabinet. Sue did not hesitate to take a responsible position as a citizen and a doctor before the

National Convention The National Convention () was the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for its first three years during the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the ...

. He was opposed to the

guillotine A guillotine ( ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by Decapitation, beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secur ...

, convinced of the suffering of the beheaded in each piece of his body once the head separated from the body "because the impression of pain warns quickly the center of thought about what happens". Sue had conducted several experiments on animals following the controversial and sensational beheading of

Charlotte Corday Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont (27 July 1768 – 17 July 1793), known simply as Charlotte Corday (), was a figure of the French Revolution who assassinated revolutionary and Jacobins, Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat on 13 July 1793. Cor ...

to prove his point. The physiologist

Pierre Jean George Cabanis Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (; 5 June 1757 – 5 May 1808) was a French physiologist, freemason and materialist philosopher. Life Cabanis was born at Cosnac (Corrèze), the son of Jean Baptiste Cabanis (1723–1786), a lawyer and agronomist. ...

was not convinced that Sue's theory was correct. In 1800, he was appointed Chief Medical Officer of the

Consular Guard The Consular Guard (), also known as the Guard of the Consuls (), was a French military unit responsible for the protection of the members of the Consulate, the executive government of France during the late First Republic. It was created by Firs ...

then

Imperial Guard An imperial guard or palace guard is a special group of troops (or a member thereof) of an empire, typically closely associated directly with the emperor and/or empress. Usually these troops embody a more elite status than other imperial force ...

hospital by Bonaparte. For ten years, he succeeded in staying in France and avoiding the front. But in 1812, Napoleon decreed that the Chief Medical Officer was to accompany his Guard everywhere. Sue soon became very sick and was back in Paris in June. He was knighted by Napoleon on . He was the doctor of

Joséphine de Beauharnais Joséphine Bonaparte (, born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Emperor Napoleon I and as such Empress of the French from 18 May 1804 until their marriage was annulled on 10 Janua ...

and of

Joseph Fouché Joseph Fouché, 1st Duc d'Otrante, 1st Comte Fouché (; 21 May 1759 – 26 December 1820) was a French statesman, revolutionary, and Minister of Police under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, who later became a subordinate of Emperor Napoleon. H ...

. During the Restoration, he became Surgeon Consultant of

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 y ...

. He died in Paris on , and is buried in Bouqueval cemetery.

Family life

Jean Joseph Sue II was married three times and had a total of five children. He divorced his first wife. Eugène and his sister Victorine were born from his second marriage with Marie Sophie Tison de Reilly or Derilly in 1803.

Honours

* Knight of the Empire *

Officer of the Legion of Honor The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

* Fellow of the Royal Academy of Surgery * Fellow of the Royal Academy of Medicine *Member of the

American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publicat ...

(1785)

Works

* * * *

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sue, Jean-Joseph French anatomists French surgeons 1760 births 1830 deaths International members of the American Philosophical Society