Japanese Community Of São Paulo
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The single largest Japanese diaspora in any city is in
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
. In 1958, the census counted 120,000 Japanese in the city and by 1987, there were 326,000 with another 170,000 in the surrounding areas within São Paulo state. As of 2007, the Paulistano Japanese population outnumbered their fellow diaspora in the entirety of Peru, and in all individual American cities.Lesser, ''A Discontented Diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the Meanings of Ethnic Militancy, 1960–1980'', p
3


History

The Japanese first settled
Liberdade Liberdade ibeɾˈdadʒi (Portuguese for "Liberty", "Freedom") may refer to: Geography *Liberdade (district of São Paulo) *Liberdade (São Paulo Metro) *Liberdade street market *Liberdade (neighbourhood), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil *Liberdade, ...
in 1912.Fitzpatrick, Anna (Contributor Reporter).
Japanese Culture and Architecture in São Paulo
" ''
The Rio Times ''The Rio Times'' is an English-language newspaper and news and features website based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and one of the biggest newspapers in English in all of Latin America, with a reach twice as large as the second-placed '' Mexico Ne ...
''. November 8, 2011. Retrieved on March 19, 2014.


Commerce

The ''Câmara de Comércio e Indústria Japonesa do Brasil'' (ブラジル日本商工会議所 ''Burajiru Nihon Shōkōkaigisho''), the ethnic Japanese chamber of commerce, has its offices in Andar. It opened in 1926. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
trade between Brazil and Japan had declined.


Media

In São Paulo there are two Japanese publications, the '' São Paulo Shimbun'' and the '' Nikkey Shimbun'', both published in the
Liberdade Liberdade ibeɾˈdadʒi (Portuguese for "Liberty", "Freedom") may refer to: Geography *Liberdade (district of São Paulo) *Liberdade (São Paulo Metro) *Liberdade street market *Liberdade (neighbourhood), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil *Liberdade, ...
district. The former was established in 1946 and the latter was established in 1998. The latter has a Portuguese edition, the '' Jornal Nippak'', and both publications have Portuguese websites. The ''Jornal Paulista'', established in 1947, and the ''Diário Nippak'', established in 1949, are the predecessors of the ''Nikkey Shimbun''.Matheus, Tatiane.
O outro lado da notícia
" ''
O Estado de S. Paulo ''O Estado de S. Paulo'' (; ), also known as ''Estadão'' (; ), is a daily newspaper published in State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil, and its format changed from broadsheet to Berliner (format), ...
''. 9 February 2008. Retrieved on 17 March 2014. "O primeiro jornal japonês no País foi o Nambei, ..
Tatiane Matheus of ''
O Estado de S. Paulo ''O Estado de S. Paulo'' (; ), also known as ''Estadão'' (; ), is a daily newspaper published in State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil, and its format changed from broadsheet to Berliner (format), ...
'' stated that in the pre-World War II period the ''Nippak Shimbun'', established in 1916; the ''Burajiru Jiho'', established in 1917; and two newspapers established in 1932, the ''Nippon Shimbun'' and the ''Seishu Shino'', were the most influential Japanese newspapers. All were published in São Paulo.


Education

The city has one Japanese international day school, the ''
Escola Japonesa de São Paulo The ''Escola Japonesa de São Paulo'' (, "São Paulo Japanese School"; ) is a Japanese international day school in , Capão Redondo, Subprefecture of Campo Limpo, São Paulo, operated by the ''Sociedade Japonesa de Educação e Cultura''. It ser ...
'' ("São Paulo Japanese School"), located in , Capão Redondo,
Subprefecture of Campo Limpo The Subprefecture of Campo Limpo is one of 32 subprefectures of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It comprises three districts: Campo Limpo (district of São Paulo), Campo Limpo, Capão Redondo (district of São Paulo), Capão Redondo, and Vila An ...
. The school opened on August 14, 1967. As of 2003, around 33% of the Japanese supplementary schools in southern Brazil are in the city of São Paulo. As of 2003 almost all of the directors of the São Paulo schools were women.Carvalho, Daniela de. ''Migrants and Identity in Japan and Brazil: The Nikkeijin''.
Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...
, August 27, 2003. , 9781135787653
Page number unstated
(
Google Books Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical charac ...
PT46).


History of education

The Taisho School, Brazil's first Japanese language school, opened in 1915 in São Paulo. In the 1980s, São Paulo Japanese supplementary schools were larger than those in other communities. In 1992 the São Paulo Metropolitan Area had 95 Japanese schools, and the schools in the city limits of São Paulo had 6,916 students. Hiromi Shibata, a PhD student at the
University of São Paulo The Universidade de São Paulo (, USP) is a public research university in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, and the largest public university in Brazil. The university was founded on 25 January 1934, regrouping already existing schools in ...
, wrote the dissertation "As escolas japonesas paulistas (1915-1945)", published in 1997. Jeff Lesser, author of ''Negotiating National Identity: Immigrants, Minorities, and the Struggle for Ethnicity in Brazil'', wrote that she "suggests" that the Japanese schools in São Paulo "were as much an affirmation of Nipo-Brazilian identity as they were of Japanese nationalism."


Recreation and culture

The ''Museu Histórico da Imigração Japonesa no Brasil'' (ブラジル日本移民史料館 ''Burajiru Nihon Imin Shiryōkan'') is located in
Liberdade Liberdade ibeɾˈdadʒi (Portuguese for "Liberty", "Freedom") may refer to: Geography *Liberdade (district of São Paulo) *Liberdade (São Paulo Metro) *Liberdade street market *Liberdade (neighbourhood), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil *Liberdade, ...
.Home
." ''Museu Histórico da Imigração Japonesa no Brasil''. Retrieved on March 19, 2014. "Rua: Joaquim, 381 - Liberdade - Cep: 01508-900 - São Paulo - SP"
Exhibits on Japanese Brazilian culture occupy two floors of the museum. The ''Pavilhão Japonês'', an exact replica of the Katsura Imperial Palace, is located in the
Ibirapuera Park Ibirapuera Park () is an urban park in São Paulo. It comprises 158 hectares (approx. 390 acres) between Av. República do Líbano, Av. Pedro Alvares Cabral, and Av. IV Centenário, and is the most visited park in South America, with 14.4 million ...
. Built in Japan, this pavilion was presented as part of São Paulo's 400th anniversary celebrations. The ''Instituto
Tomie Ohtake was a Japanese Brazilian visual artist. Her work includes paintings, prints and sculptures. She was one of the main representatives of Lyrical abstraction, informal abstractionism in Brazil. Biography Ohtake was born in 1913 in Kyoto. In 1936 ...
'', a cultural institute occupying two floors of a building, opened in November 2001. It was one of several buildings in São Paulo designed by
Ruy Ohtake Ruy Ohtake (27 January 1938 — 27 November 2021) was a Brazilian architect. He was the son of artist Tomie Ohtake. History Son of Japanese artist Tomie Ohtake, Ruy Ohtake was known for his unusual architectural designs. Examples of his proje ...
, the son of Tomie Ohtake. Every April the ''Hanamatsuri'' is held. Every July the ''Tanabata Matsuri'' is held. Japanese festivals take place around the Liberdade area.


Notable residents

*
Ruy Ohtake Ruy Ohtake (27 January 1938 — 27 November 2021) was a Brazilian architect. He was the son of artist Tomie Ohtake. History Son of Japanese artist Tomie Ohtake, Ruy Ohtake was known for his unusual architectural designs. Examples of his proje ...
(architect) - Anna Fitzpatrick, a contributing reporter of ''
The Rio Times ''The Rio Times'' is an English-language newspaper and news and features website based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and one of the biggest newspapers in English in all of Latin America, with a reach twice as large as the second-placed '' Mexico Ne ...
'', wrote that Ruy Ohtake's architecture, including the institute and the hotel
Hotel Unique The Hotel Unique is a hotel located in the district of Jardins in the Brazilian city of São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the ...
, give "a look of modern Japanese style to the city."


See also

*
Japanese Brazilians are Brazilians, Brazilian citizens who are nationals or naturals of Japanese people, Japanese ancestry or Japanese immigrants living in Brazil or Japanese people of Brazilian ancestry. Japanese immigration to Brazil peaked between 1908 and 1960 ...


References

* Lesser, Jeffrey. ''A Discontented Diaspora: Japanese Brazilians and the Meanings of Ethnic Militancy, 1960–1980''.
Duke University Press Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University. It was founded in 1921 by William T. Laprade as The Trinity College Press. (Duke University was initially called Trinity College). In 1926 ...
, September 14, 2007. , 9780822340812.


Notes


Further reading

* Shibata, Hiromi. "As escolas Japonesas paulistas (1915-1945)" (Ph.D. dissertation,
University of Sao Paulo A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Univ ...
, 1997).


External links

*
BUNKYO Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Japonesa e de Assistência Social
' (ブラジル日本文化福祉協会) *
ACBJ Aliança Cultural Brasil, Japão
' {{DEFAULTSORT:Paulo, Japanese community of Sao Asian-Brazilian culture in São Paulo Sao Paulo Ethnic groups in São Paulo Sao Paulo