January is the first month of the year in the Julian and

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

s. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as

New Year's Day In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Day is the first day of the calendar year, January 1, 1 January. Most solar calendars, such as the Gregorian and Julian calendars, begin the year regularly at or near the December solstice, northern winter ...

. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined by humans as being in the same celestial sphere, celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the Solar ...

(where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of

July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before the ...

in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.

Ancient Roman In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...

observances during this month include Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three

Agonalia An Agonalia or Agonia was an obscure archaic religious observance celebrated in ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in ...

, celebrated January 9, and Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.

History

January (in Latin, ''

Ianuarius , ("January"), or in full , abbreviated , was the first month of the Roman calendar, ancient Roman calendar, from which the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendar, Gregorian month of January derived. It was followed by ''Februarius'' (" ...

'') is named after

Janus In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus ( ; ) is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, frames, and endings. He is usually depicted as having two faces. The month of January is named for Janus (''Ianu ...

, the god of beginnings and transitions in

Roman mythology Roman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans, and is a form of Roman folklore. "Roman mythology" may also refer to the modern study of these representations, and to th ...

. Traditionally, the original

Roman calendar The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic. Although the term is primarily used for Rome's pre-Julian calendars, it is often used inclusively of the Julian calendar established by Julius Caesar in 46&nbs ...

consisted of 10 months totaling 304 days, winter being considered a month-less period. Around 713 BC, the semi-mythical successor of

Romulus Romulus (, ) was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of th ...

, King

Numa Pompilius Numa Pompilius (; 753–672 BC; reigned 715–672 BC) was the Roman mythology, legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus after a one-year interregnum. He was of Sabine origin, and many of Rome's most important religious and political ins ...

, is supposed to have added the months of January and

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

, so that the calendar covered a standard lunar year (354 days). Although

March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 2 ...

was originally the first month in the old Roman calendar, January became the first month of the calendar year either under Numa or under the

Decemvirs The decemviri or decemvirs (Latin for "ten men") refer to official ten-man commissions established by the Roman Republic. The most important were those of the two decemvirates, formally the decemvirate with consular power for writing laws () w ...

about 450 BC (Roman writers differ). In contrast, each specific calendar year was identified by the names of the two

consul Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states thro ...

s, who entered office on March 15th until 153 BC, at which point they started entering office on January 1st. Various Christian feast dates were used for the New Year in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

during the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

, including March 25 (

Feast of the Annunciation The Feast of the Annunciation () commemorates the visit of the archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary, during which he informed her that she would be the mother of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. It is celebrated on 25 March; however, if 25 Marc ...

) and December 25. However, medieval calendars were still displayed in the Roman fashion with twelve columns from January to December. Beginning in the 16th century, European countries began officially making January 1 the start of the New Year once again—sometimes called ''Circumcision Style'' because this was the date of the

Feast of the Circumcision The Feast of the Circumcision of Christ is a Christian celebration of the circumcision of Jesus in accordance with Jewish tradition, eight days (according to the Semitic and southern European calculation of intervals of days) after his birth, th ...

, being the seventh day after December 25. Historical names for January include its original Roman designation, Ianuarius, the

Saxon The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons or Continental Saxons, were a Germanic people of early medieval "Old" Saxony () which became a Carolingian " stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany. Many of their neighbours were, like th ...

term ''Wulf-monath'' (meaning "wolf month") and

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...

's designation Wintarmanoth ("winter / cold month"). In Slovene, it is traditionally called ''prosinec''; the name, associated with

millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most millets belong to the tribe Paniceae. Millets are important crops in the Semi-arid climate, ...

bread and the act of asking for something, was first written in 1466 in the

Škofja Loka Škofja Loka (; ) is a town in Slovenia. It is the economic, cultural, educational, and administrative center of the Municipality of Škofja Loka in Upper Carniola. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. Geography Škofja Loka lies at an elevation of ...

manuscript. According to

Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; ; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th ce ...

, 1 January became the first day of the year in 600 AUC of the Roman calendar (153 BC), due to disasters in the Lusitanian War. A Lusitanian chief called Punicus invaded the Roman territory, defeated two Roman governors, and killed their troops. The Romans resolved to send a consul to

Hispania Hispania was the Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two Roman province, provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divide ...

, and in order to accelerate the dispatch of aid, "they even made the new consuls enter into office two months and a half before the legal time" (March 15).

Symbols

January's

birthstone A birthstone is a gemstone that represents a person's birth period, usually the month or zodiac sign. Birthstones are often worn as jewelry or a pendant necklace. History of birthstones Western custom The first-century historian Josephus bel ...

is the

garnet Garnets () are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. Garnet minerals, while sharing similar physical and crystallographic properties, exhibit a wide range of chemical compositions, de ...

, which represents constancy. Its birth flower is the cottage pink ''

Dianthus caryophyllus ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' ( ), commonly known as carnation or clove pink, is a species of '' Dianthus'' native to the Mediterranean region. Its exact natural range is uncertain due to extensive cultivation over the last 2,000 years. Carnations ...

'', galanthus or traditional

carnation ''Dianthus caryophyllus'' ( ), commonly known as carnation or clove pink, is a species of ''Dianthus'' native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region. Its exact natural range is uncertain due to extensive cultivation over the last 2,00 ...

. The

zodiac The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north and south celestial latitude of the ecliptic – the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year. Within this zodiac ...

signs are Capricorn (until January 19) and Aquarius (January 20 onwards).

Observances

''This list does not necessarily imply either official status or general observance.''

Month-long

* Alzheimer's Awareness Month (

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

) * Dry January (

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

) * National Codependency Awareness Month (

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

) * National Mentoring Month (

) * National Healthy Weight Awareness Month (

) * Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month (

) * Stalking Awareness Month (

) * Veganuary

Food months in the United States

''This list does not necessarily imply either official status or general observance.'' * Be Kind to Food Servers Month (by proclamation, State of Tennessee) * California Dried Plum Digestive Health Month * Hot Tea Month * National Soup Month * Oatmeal Month

Non-Gregorian

''All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown on the date in question.'' *

List of observances set by the Bahá'í calendar A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, bu ...

List of observances set by the Chinese calendar The traditional Chinese holidays are an essential part of harvests or prayer offerings. The most important Chinese holiday is the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival), which is also celebrated in overseas ethnic Chinese communities (for example in ...

List of observances set by the Hebrew calendar All observances begin at sunset the day prior to the Gregorian date listed unless otherwise noted, and end on nightfall of the date in question, which is defined as the appearance of three stars in the sky. On leap years (which occur every 2–3 ...

List of observances set by the Islamic calendar All Islamic calendar, Islamic observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted. Holidays for 1441 (2019-2020) {, class="wikitable" !width=20%, Date on Islamic Calenda ...

List of observances set by the Solar Hijri calendar Dates in this table are determined by when the March Equinox falls. It will fall on March 20 from 2018 to 2023. {, class="wikitable" , - style="background:#efefef;" ! Holiday date !!Holiday name !! Description !!March equinox on March 19 !!M ...

Moveable

''This list does not necessarily imply either official status or general observance.'' * See: List of movable Western Christian observances * See: List of movable Eastern Christian observances January 2 unless that day is a Sunday, in which case

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

* New Year Holiday (Scotland) First Friday *

Children's Day Children's Day is a commemorative date celebrated annually in honour of children, whose date of observance varies by country. In 1925, International Children's Day was first proclaimed in Geneva during the World Conference on Child Welfare. Sin ...

(

Bahamas The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic and island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97 per cent of the archipelago's land area and 88 per cent of its population. ...

) Second Saturday *

(

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

) Second Monday * Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos (

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

) * Coming of Age Day (

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

) Friday before third Monday * Lee–Jackson Day (

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

, United States, defunct) Third Friday * International Fetish Day Sunday closest to January 22 * National Sanctity of Human Life Day (

) Third full week of January * Hunt for Happiness Week (

International observance Lists of holidays by various categorizations. Religious holidays Abrahamic holidays (Middle Eastern) Christian holidays *Christmas (Nativity of Jesus, Nativity of Jesus Christ, the beginning of Christmastide) *Solemnity of Mary, Mother ...

) * National Non-Smoking Week (

) Last full week of January * National School Choice Week (

) Third Monday * Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (

) ** Idaho Human Rights Day (

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

, United States) Wednesday of the third full week of January * Weedless Wednesday (

) Friday between January 19–25 * Husband's Day (

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

) Last Saturday * National Seed Swap Day (

) Last Sunday * Liberation of Auschwitz Memorial Day (

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

) January 30 or the nearest Sunday * World Leprosy Day Last Monday in January * Bubble Wrap Appreciation Day Fourth Monday * Community Manager Appreciation Day (

) *

National Heroes' Day Heroes' Day or National Heroes' Day may refer to a number of commemorations of national heroes in different countries and territories. It is often held on the birthday of a national hero or heroine, or the anniversary of their great deeds that ...

(

Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory, and the largest by population. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located so ...

) Monday Closest to January 29 *

Auckland Anniversary Day Auckland Anniversary Day is a public holiday observed in the northern half of the North Island of New Zealand, being the area's provincial anniversary day. It is observed throughout the historic Auckland Province, even though the provinces of Ne ...

Fixed

* December 25 – January 5: Twelve Days of Christmas (

Western Christianity Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church and Protestantism, Western Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as the O ...

) * December 26 – January 1: Kwanzaa (

African Americans African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa ...

) * December 31 – January 1, in some cases until January 2:

Hogmanay Hogmanay ( , ) is the Scots language, Scots word for the last day of the old year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year in the Scottish manner. It is normally followed by further celebration on the morning of New Year's Day (1 ...

(

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

) *

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

Feast of the Circumcision of Christ The Feast of the Circumcision of Christ is a Christian celebration of the circumcision of Jesus in accordance with Jewish tradition, eight days (according to the Semitic and southern European calculation of intervals of days) after his birth, the ...

***

Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus The Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus is a feast of the liturgical year celebrated by Christians on varying dates.''New Book of Festivals and Commemorations'' by Philip H. Pfatteicher 2008 pages3-5 History The feast of the Holy Name of Jesus ha ...

(

Anglican Communion The Anglican Communion is a Christian Full communion, communion consisting of the Church of England and other autocephalous national and regional churches in full communion. The archbishop of Canterbury in England acts as a focus of unity, ...

Lutheran Church Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation in 15 ...

) *** Feast of Fools (

Medieval Europe In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...

) ** Constitution Day (Italy) **

Dissolution of Czechoslovakia The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on December 31, 1992, was the Self-determination, self-determined Partition (politics), partition of the federal republic of Fifth Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia into the independent ...

-related observances: *** Day of the Establishment of the Slovak Republic (

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

) ***

Restoration Day of the Independent Czech State Public holidays in the Czech Republic are defined by Act No. 245/2000, on national (public) holidays, on other holidays, on significant days and on days off from work. In addition to public holidays, this law also defines other holidays and signif ...

(

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

) ** Euro Day (

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...

) ** Flag Day (Lithuania) ** Founding Day (Taiwan) ** Global Family Day **

Independence Day An independence day is an annual event memorialization, commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or Sovereign state, statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state, or after the end of a milit ...

(

Brunei Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with ...

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

) ** International Nepali Dhoti and Nepali Topi Day ** Jump-up Day (

Montserrat Montserrat ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, wit ...

British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) or alternatively referred to as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are the fourteen dependent territory, territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom that, ...

) ** Kalpataru Day ( Ramakrishna Movement) ** National Bloody Mary Day (

) ** National Tree Planting Day (

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

) **

*** Japanese New Year ***

Novy God ''Novy God'' or ''Noviy God'' () is a New Year celebration observed in Russia, in post-Soviet states, and globally by the diasporas of post-Soviet states. The holiday was promoted by the Soviet Union as a secular holiday that would supplant ...

Day (

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

) *** Sjoogwachi (

Okinawa Islands The are an island group in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and are the principal island group of the prefecture. The Okinawa Islands are part of the larger Ryukyu Islands group and are located between the Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture to the ...

) ** Polar Bear Swim Day (

and

) ** Public Domain Day (multiple countries) **

Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God The Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God is a feast day of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the aspect of her motherhood of Jesus Christ, whom she had circumcised on the eighth day after his birth in accordance with Levitical Law. Christian ...

(

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

) ***

World Day of Peace The World Day of Peace is an annual celebration by the Catholic Church, dedicated to world peace, universal peace, held on 1 January, the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God. Pope Paul VI established it in 1967, being inspired by the encyclical ''Pa ...

** Triumph of the Revolution (

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

) *

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

** Ancestry Day (

) ** Berchtold's Day (

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (, ; ; ), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( ), is a Landlocked country#Doubly landlocked, doubly landlocked Swiss Standard German, German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

, and the

Alsace Alsace (, ; ) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine, next to Germany and Switzerland. In January 2021, it had a population of 1,9 ...

) ** Carnival Day (

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher (St Kitts) and Nevis, is an island country consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Less ...

) ** Kakizome (

) ** National Creampuff Day (

) ** National Science Fiction Day (

) ** The second day of New Year (a holiday in

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

North Macedonia North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the n ...

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

, Montenegro, Public holidays in New Zealand, New Zealand, Romania,

, and Ukraine) ** Public holidays in Bhutan#Winter solstice, Nyinlong (Bhutan) ** Victory of Armed Forces Day (

) *

** Public holidays in Burkina Faso, Anniversary of the 1966 Coup d'état (Burkina Faso) ** Public holidays in Armenia, Nakhatsenendyan toner (

): January 3–5 ** Public holidays in Indonesia, Ministry of Religious Affairs Day (Indonesia) ** List of food days#January, National Chocolate Covered Cherry Day (

) ** Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * January 4 ** Day of the Fallen against the Colonial Repression (Angola) ** Day of the Martyrs (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ** Okinawan festivals and observances, Hwinukan mukee (

, Japan) ** Independence Day (Myanmar) ** Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, Ogoni Day (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People) ** World Health Observances, World Braille Day * January 5 ** National Bird Day (United States) ** List of food days#January, National Whipped Cream Day (

) ** List of food days#United Kingdom, Sausage Day (

) ** List of food days#Japan, Strawberry day (

) ** Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day (Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane, Australia) ** Serbian Christmas traditions#Tucindan, Tucindan (Serbia, Montenegro) * January 6 ** Armed Forces Day (Iraq) ** Epiphany (holiday), Epiphany or Three Kings' Day (

) or Theophany (Eastern Christianity), and its related observances: *** Befana Day (Italy) *** Christmas#Using the Julian calendar, Christmas (Armenian Apostolic Church) *** Christmas in Russia, Christmas Eve (

) *** Christmas in Ukraine, Christmas Eve (Ukraine) *** Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Christmas Eve (Bosnia and Herzegovina) *** Public holidays in North Macedonia, Christmas Eve (

) *** Little Christmas (Gaelic calendar, Ireland) *** Þrettándinn (

) *** Biblical Magi#Traditions of the Epiphany, Three Wise Men Day ** Pathet Lao Day (Laos) * January 7 ** Christmas (Eastern Orthodox Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches using the Julian Calendar, Rastafari#Grounding, Rastafari) *** Christmas in Russia *** Christmas in Ukraine *** Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Christmas (Bosnia and Herzegovina) *** Public holidays in Armenia, Remembrance Day of the Dead (

) ** Distaff Day (

) ** Nanakusa no sekku (

) ** Public holidays in Liberia, Pioneer's Day (Liberia) ** Flag of Italy, Tricolour day (Italy) ** Public holidays in Cambodia, Victory from Genocide Day (Cambodia) * January 8 ** The Eighth (United States) (defunct observance) ** Typing Day (international observance) * January 9 ** Start of Hōonkō, Hōonkō (Nishi Honganji) January 9–16 (Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism) ** Martyrs' Day (Panama) ** List of food days#January, National Cassoulet Day (

) ** Non-Resident Indian Day (India) ** Republic Day (Republika Srpska) (defunct, declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina) ** Saint Stephen's Day (Eastern Orthodox) * January 10 ** Fête du Vodoun (Benin) ** Public holidays in the Bahamas, Majority Rule Day (

) * January 11 **

(Tunisia) ** Eugenio María de Hostos Day (

) ** German Apples Day (Germany) ** Public holidays in Morocco, Independence Manifesto Day (Morocco) ** Kagami biraki (

) ** List of awareness days#January, National Human Trafficking Awareness Day (

) ** Republic Day (Albania) * January 12 ** Memorial Day (Turkmenistan) ** International Duties Memorial Day, Prosecutor General's Day (

) ** National Youth Day (India) ** Zanzibar Revolution Day (

) * January 13 ** Constitution Day (Mongolia) ** Democracy Day (Cape Verde) ** Liberation Day (Togo) ** Old New Year's Eve (

, Belarus, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro, Republic of Srpska,

), and its related observances: *** Malanka (Ukraine,

, Belarus) ** St. Knut's Day (Sweden and Finland) ** Stephen Foster Memorial Day (

) * January 14 ** Azhyrnykhua (Abkhazia) ** Public holidays in Uzbekistan, Day of Defenders of the Motherland (Uzbekistan) ** Feast of Divina Pastora (Barquisimeto) ** Feast of the Ass (Medieval Christianity) ** Flag Day (Georgia) ** National Forest Conservation Day (

) ** Ratification Day (United States) ** Public holidays in Tunisia, Revolution and Youth Day (Tunisia) ** Yennayer (Berbers) * January 15 ** Arbor Day (Egypt) ** Armed Forces Day (Nigeria) ** Indian Army Day (India) ** John Chilembwe Day (Malawi) ** Korean Alphabet Day (North Korea) ** Sagichō at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū (Kamakura, Japan) ** Teacher's Day (Venezuela) ** List of unofficial observances by date, Wikipedia Day (international observance) * January 16 ** National Nothing Day ** National Religious Freedom Day (

) **

(Coptic Church) ** Teacher's Day (Myanmar) ** Teachers' Day (Thailand) ** Okinawan festivals and observances, Zuuruku Nichi (

, Japan) ** Thiruvalluvar#Memorials, Thiruvalluvar Day (Tamil Nadu, India) * January 17 ** Hardware Freedom Day (international observance) ** Menorca#Middle Ages, National Day (Menorca) ** The opening ceremony of Patras Carnival, celebrated until Clean Monday (Patras) * January 18 ** Public holidays in Tunisia, Revolution and Youth Day (Tunisia) ** Royal Thai Armed Forces Day (Thailand) ** Week of Prayer for Christian Unity (January 18–25) (Christianity) * January 19 ** Confederate Memorial Day, Confederate Heroes Day (Texas), and its related observance: *** Robert E. Lee Day (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and Mississippi) *** Lee–Jackson–King Day (

, United States, defunct) ** Husband's Day (

) ** Kokborok Day (Tripura, India) ** List of food days#January, National Popcorn Day (United States) ** Theophany / Epiphany (holiday), Epiphany (Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy), and its related observances: *** Timkat, (on 20th during Leap Year) (Ethiopian Orthodox) *** ''Vodici'' or Baptism of Jesus (North Macedonia) * January 20 ** Public holidays in Mali, Armed Forces Day (Mali) ** List of food days#January, Cheese Day (United States) ** Public holidays in Cape Verde, Heroes' Day (Cape Verde) ** Inauguration Day, held every four years in odd-numbered years, except when January 20 falls on a Sunday (United States) ** Martyrs' Day (Azerbaijan) * January 21 ** Babinden (Bulgaria, Serbia) ** Flag flying days in Norway, Birthday of Princess Ingrid Alexandra (Norway) ** Errol Barrow Day (Barbados) ** Flag Day (Quebec) ** National Grandparents Day#Poland, Grandmother's Day (Poland) ** Día de la Altagracia, Lady of Altagracia Day (Dominican Republic) ** Lincoln Alexander, Lincoln Alexander Day (

) ** National Hug Day (United States) * January 22 ** Act Zluky, Day of Unity of Ukraine (Ukraine) ** Public holidays in Poland, Grandfather's Day (Poland) ** List of food days#January, National Hot Sauce Day (United States) * January 23 ** Bounty Day (Pitcairn Island) ** Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic Church) ** American Pie Council#National Pie Day, National Pie Day (United States) ** Public holidays in India#Secular holidays, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Jayanti (Orissa, India, Orissa, Tripura, and West Bengal, India) ** World Freedom Day (Taiwan and South Korea) * January 24 ** Feast of Our Lady of Peace (Roman Catholic Church), and its related observances: *** ''Feria de Alasitas'' (La Paz) ** List of awareness days#January, Moebius Syndrome Awareness Day (international observance) ** National Peanut Butter Day (United States) ** Public holidays in Romania, Unification Day (Romania) * January 25 ** Public holidays in Egypt, 2011 Revolution Day (Egypt) ** Burns night (Scotland, Scottish people, Scottish community) ** Dydd Santes Dwynwen (Wales) ** Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul (Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran churches, which concludes the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity) ** National Police Day (Egypt) ** National Voters' Day (India) ** Tatiana Day (Russia, Eastern Orthodox) * January 26 ** Australia Day (Australia) ** Juan Pablo Duarte, Duarte Day (Dominican Republic) ** Engineer's Day (Panama) ** List of awareness days, International Customs Day ** Liberation Day (Uganda) ** Republic Day (India) * January 27 ** Days of Military Honour, Day of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad (Russia) ** Auschwitz concentration camp, Liberation of the remaining inmates of Auschwitz-related observances: *** Holocaust Memorial Day (UK) *** Holocaust Memorial Days, Holocaust Remembrance Day (Sweden) *** International Holocaust Remembrance Day *** Memorial Day (Italy) *** Holocaust Memorial Days, Memorial Day for the Victims of the Holocaust and Prevention of Crimes against Humanity (Czech Republic) *** Holocaust Memorial Days, Memorial Day for the Victims of National Socialism (Germany) *** Holocaust Memorial Days, National Holocaust Memorial Day (Greece) ** List of awareness days#January, Family Literacy Day (Canada) ** Public holidays in Serbia, Feast of Saint Slava (Serbia) ** List of food days#January, National Chocolate Cake Day (United States) ** Public holidays in Monaco, Saint Devota's Day (Monaco) * January 28 ** Public holidays in Armenia, Army Day (Armenia) ** Data Privacy Day (international observance) * January 29 ** Kansas Day (Kansas, United States) * January 30 ** Public holidays in Azerbaijan, Day of Azerbaijani customs (Azerbaijan) ** Saudade, Day of ''Saudade'' (Brazil) ** Fred Korematsu Day (California, United States) ** Martyrdom of Mahatma Gandhi-related observances: *** Martyrs' Day (India) *** School Day of Non-violence and Peace (Spain) *** Start of the Season for Nonviolence January 30 – April 4 ** Teacher's Day (Greece) * January 31 ** Amartithi (Meherabad, India, followers of Meher Baba) ** Independence Day (Nauru) ** Me-Dam-Me-Phi (Ahom people, Ahom people) ** Jugend Eine Welt, Street Children's Day (Austria)

References

External links

{{Authority control January, Months, *01