Rhythmic oldies is a

radio format A radio format or programming format (not to be confused with broadcast programming) describes the overall content broadcast on a radio station. The radio format emerged mainly in the United States in the 1950s, at a time when Radio broadcasting, ...

that concentrates on the rhythmic, R&B,

disco Disco is a music genre, genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the late 1960s from the United States' urban nightclub, nightlife, particularly in African Americans, African-American, Italian-Americans, Italian-American, LGBTQ ...

, or

dance Dance is an The arts, art form, consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often Symbol, symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoir ...

genres of music. The playlists spans from the 1960s through the 2000s. They depend on market conditions and may be designed for African-American or Hispanic audiences. It is also referred to as "Jammin' Oldies" or "Music From Back in the Day" by various radio stations. Since the late 2000s, much of the library in the "rhythmic oldies" format has been adopted by the classic hits format. A variation on the format is urban oldies.

History

On November 19, 1997, the

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

radio station formerly known as

KIBB KBOB-FM (97.1 Hertz, MHz) is a radio station licensed to Haven, Kansas, the station serves the Wichita area, and airs an adult hits format under the "Bob FM" branding. The station is currently owned by parent corporation, Murfin Media, through ...

began a new concept in radio. KCMG, which named itself Mega 100.3 after a listener contest, was "oldies with attitude". Chancellor Media, later to be called AMFM, developed the format with the intention of using it on other stations. Just as radio in the 80s had the "

urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...

versus churban" competition, R & B oldies radio was dividing into two camps—the straight urban oldies stations targeting African Americans, and the "Jammin' Oldies" stations with a wider audience that included both blacks and whites. On Jammin' Oldies radio, DJs were often mostly white or a variety of racial groups. Many of the songs played had crossed over to

top 40 In the music industry, the Top 40 is a list of the 40 currently most popular songs in a particular genre. It is the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music. Record charts have traditionally consisted of a total of 40 songs. "To ...

radio, while R&B stations continued to play more hits, including ballads, not familiar to top 40 fans, especially if those songs were not

singles Singles are people not in a committed relationship. Singles may also refer to: Film and television * ''Singles'' (miniseries), a 1984 Australian television series * ''Singles'' (1992 film), written and directed by Cameron Crowe * ''Singles'' ...

. Some of the rhythmic stations played songs completely unrelated to R & B; " Mony Mony" by

Tommy James Tommy James (born Thomas Gregory Jackson; April 29, 1947) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. James is the frontman of the rock band Tommy James and the Shondells, which is known for hit singles such as "Mony Mony", ...

on the now defunct WFJO in

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was one example, though this station dropped such songs eventually.Sean Ross, "R&B Oldies Format On The Rise", ''Billboard'', 03/06/99, p. 28. Another version of the format was "Groovin' Oldies", as in the case of WGRV in Detroit. This station switched from

modern rock Modern rock is an umbrella term used to describe rock music that is found on college and commercial rock radio stations. Some radio stations use this term to distinguish themselves from classic rock, which is based in 1960s–1980s rock music. ...

in April 1999, calling itself "The Groove". This format lasted until a switch to

adult contemporary Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul ...

in June 2001. The last song was " End of the Road" by

Boyz II Men Boyz II Men ( ) is an American vocal harmony group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. Formed in 1985, they have been a trio composed of baritone Nathan Morris, tenor Wanya Morris, Wanyá Mo ...

. In April 1999, WGAY in Washington, D.C., switched to "Jammin' Oldies", which had been successful in every market where it was tried. One reason was that the format was tailored to each specific market. In Los Angeles, the format leaned toward

Latin music Latin music (Portuguese language, Portuguese and ) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Music of Latin America, Latin America, Music of Spain, Spain, Mu ...

. Other markets included

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, Chicago, and New York City. Listeners changed from

urban contemporary Urban contemporary music, also known as urban music, urban pop, or just simply urban, is a music radio format. The term was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music. Urban contemporary r ...

and other types of

oldies Oldies is a term for musical genres such as pop music, rock and roll, doo-wop, surf music from the second half of the 20th century, specifically from around the mid-1950s to the 1980s, as well as for a radio format playing this music. Since 2 ...

stations. Most of the music came from the 70s, but there were also 60s and 80s hits. Unlike most radio formats, Jammin' Oldies did not target one specific ethnic or gender group. Black and white artists were included, and a slight majority of listeners were female. WJMO "Jammin' Oldies 99.5" succeeded at first, but two years later fell victim to a declining economy. Another problem for "Jammin' Oldies" was that it was the "hot new format" in 1998, but there were other "hot new formats" in 2000.Sean Ross, "Will Beat Go On For 'Jammin' Oldies'?", ''Billboard'', 12/09/2000, p. 91. In Chicago, it was rocker WRCX that changed—to WUBT "103-5 The Beat". The result was a significant ratings improvement that resulted from adding pop artists such as

Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she has been recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, ...

, the

Bee Gees The Bee Gees were a musical group formed in 1958 by brothers Barry Gibb, Barry, Robin Gibb, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio was especially successful in popular music in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and later as prominent performers in ...

and

Tina Turner Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939 – May 24, 2023) was a singer, songwriter, actress, and author. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Queen of Rock 'n' Roll", her vocal prowess, raspy voice, and electrifyin ...

to what had been old school urban oldies. But the deregulation of radio in 1996 made consolidation a priority. This meant companies were looking at operating groups of stations rather than at individual stations they owned. Clear Channel bought AMFM, and in 2001 WUBT became top 40 WKSC-FM.

Robert Feder Robert Feder (born May 17, 1956) is an American media blogger who was the television and radio columnist for the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' from 1980 until 2008, a blogger for Vocalo.org from 2009 until 2010, and a blogger for ''Time Out Chicago'' fr ...

, "`Eighties Channel,' `The Beat' Are History", ''Chicago Sun-Times'', January 9, 2001. In New York City, Chancellor Media decided to convert a station it had been having trouble formatting for some time. As 1998 began, the company had just bought WNSR-FM, with initially a

modern adult contemporary Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul ...

format that evolved to a cross between its sister station

WLTW WLTW (106.7 MHz) is an adult contemporary radio station licensed to New York, New York and serving the New York metropolitan area. WLTW is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts from studios located at 125 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, ...

and the

Hot AC Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, ...

format which was being used by

WPLJ WPLJ (95.5 FM) is a non-commercial, listener-supported radio station, licensed to New York, New York. Owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), based in Franklin, Tennessee, it broadcasts EMF's Christian adult contemporary formatted p ...

at the time. In January 1998, Chancellor changed the call letters to WBIX, rebranded the station as "Big 105", and steered it more toward the

format of WPLJ. Eleven months later, with zero improvement in the ratings, WBIX was flipped to the Jammin' Oldies format and became WTJM. The difference from competitor

WRKS WRKS (105.9 FM, "The Zone") is a radio station licensed to Pickens, Mississippi, although its studio is located in Ridgeland, Mississippi. Launched on July 2, 2009, the station's format is sports, with programming from ESPN Radio. WRKS is ow ...

was described this way by

Airplay Monitor ''Billboard Radio Monitor'' was a weekly music trade publication that followed the radio industry and tracked the monitoring of current songs by format, station and audience cumes. The magazine was a spinoff of ''Billboard'' magazine and was mo ...

editor Sean Ross:

TV spots feature former New York mayor
Ed Koch Edward Irving Koch ( ; December 12, 1924February 1, 2013) was an American politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1969 to 1977 and was mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989. Koch was a lifelong Democrat who ...
, not exactly someone you expect to emerge from the
P-Funk Parliament-Funkadelic (abbreviated as P-Funk) is an American musical collective, music collective of rotating musicians headed by George Clinton (funk musician), George Clinton, primarily consisting of the funk bands Parliament (band), Parliame ...
mother ship.

Music director Wayne Mayo had held the same job at WRKS in New York City and at KISQ in San Francisco. By 2002, the station flipped to

Urban Contemporary Urban contemporary music, also known as urban music, urban pop, or just simply urban, is a music radio format. The term was coined by New York radio DJ Frankie Crocker in the early to mid-1970s as a synonym for Black music. Urban contemporary r ...

.Dana Hall, "Jammin' Oldies Stations Switch to More Current R&B", ''Billboard'', 2/16/2002, p. 80. Early success stories included KMEZ in

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

, WRBO in Memphis, XHRM-FM in

San Diego San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

and KTXQ in

Dallas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...

, as well as KFMK in

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KISQ KISQ (98.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to San Francisco. It broadcasts a soft adult contemporary radio format, known as "The Breeze", and is owned by iHeartMedia. The radio studios and offices are in the SoMa district o ...

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

, and

KNRX KNRX (96.5 FM broadcasting, FM) is a commercial radio station located in Sterling City, Texas, broadcasting to the San Angelo, Texas area. KNRX airs a mainstream rock radio format, music format branded as "96.5 The Rock". External linksSan A ...

Kansas City The Kansas City metropolitan area is a bi-state metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri. Its 14 counties straddle the border between the U.S. states of Missouri (9 counties) and Kansas (5 counties). With and a population of more t ...

. Contrary to what one might expect, competition from

and

urban adult contemporary Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on ...

had little effect on ratings. The format proved to be little more than a "passing fad", one that stations got excited about but listeners did not—or when they did, not for very long.Warren Kurtzman with Grant Johnson, "Rhythmic Oldies Insights: A Look at the Health of One of Radio's Newest Formats", http://www.colemaninsights.com/onlines/Coleman%20Rhythmic%20Oldies%20Insights.pdf, Retrieved on 2007/12/04. In November 2000,

WOCL WOCL (105.9 FM "Sunny FM") is a commercial radio station, licensed to DeLand, Florida, and serving Greater Orlando and Central Florida. It is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a classic hits radio format, focusing on the hits from the 1980s but ...

Orlando Orlando commonly refers to: * Orlando, Florida, a city in the United States Orlando may also refer to: People * Orlando (given name), a masculine name, includes a list of people with the name * Orlando (surname), includes a list of people wit ...

, KHZZ in

Sacramento Sacramento ( or ; ; ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's 2020 p ...

, and

WBBT-FM WBBT-FM (107.3 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Powhatan, Virginia, and serving the Greater Richmond Region. WBBT-FM is owned and operated by VPM Media Corporation. It airs an eclectic music format, focusing on classical music ...

Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, a city in the United States * Richmond, London, a town in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town ...

changed several weeks after

WGFX WGFX (104.5 FM broadcasting, FM) is a Commercial radio, commercial radio station city of license, licensed to Gallatin, Tennessee, and serving the Nashville metropolitan area. It is branded as 104.5 The Zone, broadcasting a Sports radio, sports ...

Nashville Nashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and List of municipalities in Tennessee, most populous city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the county seat, seat of Davidson County, Tennessee, Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, locat ...

left the format. But the format was still successful in some markets—KCMG in Los Angeles, WJJJ in

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia) and the List of Un ...

, KDJM in

Denver Denver ( ) is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Consolidated city and county, consolidated city and county, the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Colorado, most populous city of the U.S. state of ...

, WMOJ in

Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...

and KMGV in Fresno all went up in the Summer 2000 ratings (in fact, KMGV was no. 1 with listeners in the 25–54 group). Joining the format in October 2000 was KMBX in

Seattle Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...

. Some in radio believed that Jammin' Oldies tried to target too many types of listeners. R & B oldies stations specifically targeting African American listeners were doing better than Jammin' Oldies-- WWSO in

Norfolk Norfolk ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in England, located in East Anglia and officially part of the East of England region. It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to the north-west, the North Sea to the north and eas ...

, KMEZ, and WRBO. Other stations of this type included WNPL in

and WPLZ in

. Former KCMG program director Don Parker said a mass-appeal format would not do as well as one that targeted a specific ethnic group (his station went after Hispanics despite requests to add more

). Consultant Barry Mayo also said targeting blacks was a good strategy. By 2000, Jammin' Oldies stations had different approaches, with some playing only 60s and 70s music, and others focusing more on the 80s, with still others such as WMOJ playing early

rap Rapping (also rhyming, flowing, spitting, emceeing, or MCing) is an artistic form of vocal delivery and emotive expression that incorporates " rhyme, rhythmic speech, and ommonlystreet vernacular". It is usually performed over a backin ...

. KMBX played no 60s music, while WJJJ (which was co-owned with oldies WWSW) added songs from the 80s and 90s and de-emphasized

Motown Motown is an American record label owned by the Universal Music Group. Founded by Berry Gordy, Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, it was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. Its name, a portmanteau ...

. WUBT program director Jay Beau Jones said stations that ventured into the 90s probably should not be considered oldies. WEJM in

Philadelphia Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...

was one of the stations with older music dominant. Still, some radio program directors did not like using the term "oldies" even for these stations. Other stations emphasizing older music were WJMO and WZJM in

Cleveland Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–U.S. maritime border and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania st ...

. By contrast, WFJO played nothing from the 1960s, and WZMX in

Hartford Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...

played few songs from before 1970. In some markets, Jammin' Oldies should never have been tried, in the opinion of

Infinity Broadcasting Infinity Broadcasting Corporation was a radio company that existed from 1972 until 2005. It was founded by Michael A. Wiener and Gerald Carrus. It became associated with popular radio personalities like Howard Stern, Opie and Anthony, Don Im ...

senior vice president John Gehron. Former AMFM Chief Programming Officer Steve Rivers said the format was tried when conventional oldies was not succeeding, but this turned out to be a mistake. Rivers also said that with the format's phenomenal success, expectations might have been too high, but some stations experienced success like they had not in the past. Smaller-market stations such as KHZZ found it hard to achieve the numbers found in the big cities. KHZZ experienced competition from former oldies station KHYL, but both stations ended up giving up the format, with KHZZ turning to oldies and in 2000, KHYL shifted towards

Urban AC Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on ...

, branded at "V101.1". By 2002, numerous stations were changing to R&B and

dance music Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. In terms of performance, the major categories are live dance music and recorded dance musi ...

. In addition to WTJM, which switched its call letters to WWPR and became an

station, format pioneer KCMG (which became KHHT) was playing newer hits, along with WJMR in

Milwaukee Milwaukee is the List of cities in Wisconsin, most populous city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the List of United States cities by population, 31st-most populous city in the United States ...

and

KMJK KMJK (107.3 FM broadcasting, FM, "107.3 The Vibe") is a contemporary hit radio radio station, station serving the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is city of license, licensed to North Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by Cumulus Media, with st ...

Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City, Missouri, abbreviated KC or KCMO, is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by List of cities in Missouri, population and area. The city lies within Jackson County, Missouri, Jackson, Clay County, Missouri, Clay, and Pl ...

. Greg Love, the

program director In service industries, such as education, a program manager or program director researches, plans, develops and implements one or more of the firm's professional services. For example, in education, a program director is responsible for developing ...

in charge of switching KMJK to Jammin' Oldies, said the format began to lose its appeal because people got excited to hear the songs, and then they were no longer special. Wayne Mayo said hits were chosen from too narrow a time period. WJMR program director Lauri Jones said people listened to several stations, and that when she worked in Minneapolis, she observed that her station was no longer the primary choice of many listeners. KHHT program director Michelle Santosousso said many R&B stations were focusing on rap, and the more adult hits were hard to find. This led to a change not only in musical style but also target audience. Jones said Jammin' Oldies stations went from 70% white and 30% black, to 70% black and 30% white. Love and Mayo both said there were black listeners, and now the stations had to focus on that audience. Santosousso, on the other hand, said the number of ethnic groups in Los Angeles required a different approach. Jones said the term "old school" replaced "classic soul", while Love said "old school" had to go. Love also said

The Isley Brothers The Isley Brothers ( ) are an American soul group originally from Cincinnati, Ohio, that began as a vocal trio consisting of the brothers O'Kelly Isley Jr., Rudolph Isley and Ronald Isley in the 1950s. With a career spanning over seven decades, ...

Barry White Barry Eugene White (né Carter; September 12, 1944 – July 4, 2003) was an American singer and songwriter. A two-time Grammy Award winner known for his bass voice and romantic image, his greatest success came in the 1970s as a solo singer and ...

and

The Temptations The Temptations is an American vocal group formed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1961 as The Elgins, known for their string of successful singles and albums with Motown from the 1960s to the mid-1970s. The group's work with producer Norman Whitfield ...

were recording new music, and an oldies station could not play those. But listeners wanted to hear them. In late 2012, Clear Channel Radio announced a new Rhythmic Oldies format for KOGO-FM in San Diego, which had been stunting with

Christmas music Christmas music comprises a variety of Music genre, genres of music regularly performed or heard around the Christmas and holiday season, Christmas season. Music associated with Christmas may be purely instrumental, or in the case of Christmas ...

. It features a broad mix of mainstream dance and pop hits (with musicians such as

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and

Mariah Carey Mariah Carey ( ; born March 27, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. Dubbed the "Honorific nicknames in popular music, Songbird Supreme" by ''Guinness World Records'', Carey is known for her five-octave voc ...

), with

soft rock Soft rock (also known as light rock or mellow rock) is a form of rock music that originated in the late 1960s in the United States and the United Kingdom which smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, mel ...

musicians like

George Michael George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer-songwriter and record producer. Regarded as a pop culture icon, he is one of the List of best-selling music artists, best-selling rec ...

Hall and Oates Daryl Hall & John Oates, commonly known as Hall & Oates, were an American rock duo formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1970. Daryl Hall was generally the lead vocalist, while John Oates primarily supplied electric guitar and backing vocals ...

, and

Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is a British singer, songwriter and pianist. His music and showmanship have had a significant, lasting impact on the music industry, and his songwriting partnership with l ...

mixed in. However, due to low ratings, the station shifted to Rhythmic Adult Contemporary with its playlist shifting towards 1990's, 2000's and current material. On February 6, 2015, KRRL, KHHT—

, the successor to the first rhythmic oldies station, KCMG, flipped to

, returning that format to the 92.3 FM dial position for the first time since 2000. Legendary Los Angeles radio personality Art Laboe, whose show was carried at nights on KHHT, later moved to KDAY. Since the demise of KHHT, a few stations in the suburban areas in and around Los Angeles have flipped to the format, including KQIE in the Inland Empire, KOCP in Ventura, California, Ventura, and KQAV in the Antelope Valley.

List of radio stations airing the rhythmic/urban oldies format

*KQIE - Redlands, California *KOCP - Oxnard, California *KQAV - Rosamond, California * KMGV - Fresno, California *KZLA - Riverdale, California *KOKO-FM - Kerman, California *KKBB - Bakersfield, California *KMRJ - Palm Springs, California *KXFM - Santa Maria, California *KOSJ - Santa Barbara, California *KWIE (FM), KWIE - Barstow, California *KAJM - Phoenix, Arizona (leans "Rhythmic AC") *KJHM-FM - Denver, Colorado (leans "Rhythmic AC") *KWRP - Pueblo, Colorado *KUMU-FM - Honolulu, Honolulu, Hawaii (leans "Rhythmic AC") *WKXB - Wilmington, North Carolina *W275BK - Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia *WPPZ-FM - Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *WNBU - New Bern, North Carolina *WOKS - Columbus, Georgia *KOCN - Salinas, California (leans "Rhythmic AC") *WMMJ - Washington, DC (Leans Urban AC) *WDCJ - Prince Frederick, MD (Leans Urban AC) *WOSL - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (Leans Urban AC) *WVOL - Berry Hill, Tennessee *KTIP - Porterville, California

List of radio stations formerly airing the format

*KKLQ (FM), KCMG/KRRL, KHHT -

*KWVE (AM), KRLA - Los Angeles, California *WWPR-FM, WTJM - New York City, New York, New York *WKSC-FM, WUBT - Chicago, Chicago, Illinois *WAWY, WWYW - Dundee, Illinois *KDGE-FM, KTXQ - Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth -

*KZMJ, KSOC - Dallas, Texas *KTJM - Houston, Houston, Texas *KMIC, KYOK - Houston, Houston, Texas *WIHT, WJMO - Washington, D.C. *WALR-FM - Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia *WXKG, WTZA - Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia *XHRM - Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California (shifted to Rhythmic AC in 2013) * WEJM - Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *WDAS (AM) - Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *WRNB - Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *KYOT, KYOT-FM - Phoenix, Arizona *KHOT-FM, KHOT - Phoenix, Arizona *KKSE-FM, KDJM - Broomfield, Colorado *KJEB, KBTB -

* WFJO - Tampa, Florida *WMIB, WMGE - Miami, Miami, Florida *KSSX - Carlsbad, California * WGRV - Detroit, Detroit, Michigan *WGVX - Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota *KTNF, KSGS - Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota *KUMT, KFVR - Salt Lake City, Utah *WZTI - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin *WJMR-FM, WJMR - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin *WPGB, WJJJ - Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania *WZUM (AM), WZUM - Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania * WZJM - Cleveland Heights, Ohio *WOSL - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio * WMOJ - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio *WDBZ - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio *

*WFNZ-FM - Charlotte, North Carolina * KFMK - Austin, Texas *WTLC-FM, WBKS - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana *WNDX, WGLD - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana * WZMX - Hartford, Connecticut *WXBT, WSCQ - Columbia, South Carolina *KHFM, KMMG - Albuquerque, New Mexico *KQTM, KQBT - Albuquerque, New Mexico *

- Orlando, Florida * KHYL - Sacramento, California * KHZZ - Sacramento, California *WRNP, WYSR - Fort Wayne, Indiana *KXBS, WFUN-FM - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri *WERC-FM, WENN - Birmingham, Alabama *

- Richmond, Virginia * WPLZ - Richmond, Virginia * WWSO - Suffolk, Virginia * WNPL - Nashville, Tennessee *

- Nashville, Tennessee *WWTF, WGVN - Lexington, Kentucky *KTFM - San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas *KTKX, KCJZ - San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas *WTKN - Murrells Inlet, South Carolina *KOCN - Pacific Grove, California *KBZU, KHLR - Benton, Arkansas *WBUF - Buffalo, New York *WNBL (FM), WLCL - Rochester, New York *CKDX-FM - Toronto, Toronto, Ontario *KOQL - Ashland, Missouri *KJML, KMOQ - Joplin, Missouri *KWYL, KGGN - Reno, Nevada *WTKD (FM), WDJO - Dayton, Ohio *WLOR - Huntsville, Alabama *WWLY, WVVE - Panama City, Florida *KQOD - Stockton, California (shifted to classic hip hop) *KMGW (FM), KMGW - Yakima, Washington *KRTO - Guadalupe, California *KOAS - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada *WATV (AM), WATV - Birmingham, Alabama * WRBO - Memphis, Tennessee * KMEZ - New Orleans, Louisiana *KTYL-FM - Tyler, Texas *WIIN - Jackson, Mississippi *"Solid Gold Soul" - syndicated by Cumulus Media Networks, ABC Radio *"Groovin' Oldies" - syndicated by Westwood One (current), Westwood One

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhythmic Oldies Radio formats Rhythm and blues 1990s fads and trends