James Livingston, 5th Earl of Linlithgow, 4th Earl of Callendar (died 25 April 1723) was a Scottish nobleman who was convicted of high treason and forced to forfeit his estates and all his titles to

the Crown The Crown is a political concept used in Commonwealth realms. Depending on the context used, it generally refers to the entirety of the State (polity), state (or in federal realms, the relevant level of government in that state), the executive ...

Early life

Livingston was the only son and heir of

Alexander Livingston, 3rd Earl of Callendar Alexander Livingston, 3rd Earl of Callendar (died December 1692) was a Scottish nobleman. Early life He was the second son of George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow, PC and Lady Elizabeth Lyon. His elder brother was George Livingston, 4th E ...

and his wife, Lady Anne Graham. He had two younger sisters, including Lady Mary Livingston, who married James Graham of

Airth Airth () is a Royal Burgh, village, former trading port and civil parish in Falkirk, Scotland. It is north of Falkirk town and sits on the banks of the River Forth. Airth lies on the A905 road between Grangemouth and Stirling and is overlooked ...

, Judge of the

Court of Admiralty Admiralty courts, also known as maritime courts, are courts exercising jurisdiction over all maritime contracts, torts, injuries, and offenses. United Kingdom England and Wales Scotland The Scottish court's earliest records, held in West R ...

in Scotland. His mother was the eldest daughter of

James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose ( – February 1669) was a Scottish nobleman and judge, nicknamed the "Good" Marquess. Early life He was the second son of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, by his wife, Lady Magdalene Carnegie, daug ...

and Lady Isabella Douglas (fifth daughter of

William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton (1582 – 7 August 1648) was a grandson of the 6th Earl of Morton. He was Treasurer of Scotland, and a zealous Royalist. Life He was the son of Robert Douglas, Master of Morton, and Jean Lyon, daughter of ...

). His father was the second son of

George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow George Livingston Privy Council of Scotland, PC (July 1616 – 1 February 1690) was a military officer and third Earl of Linlithgow. Early life Livingston was born in July 1616. He was the eldest son of Alexander Livingston, 2nd Earl of Linlit ...

and Lady Elizabeth Lyon (daughter of

Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure (1585-1661) was a Scottish courtier and aristocrat. He was a son of Patrick Maule (died 1605) and Margaret Erskine (died 1599), a daughter of John Erskine of Dun and Elizabeth Lindsay. Patrick Maule was a page ...

and widow of John Lyon, 2nd

Earl of Kinghorne Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of ''earl'' never developed; instead, ''countess'' is used. The titl ...

). His paternal aunt, Lady Henrietta Livingston, was married to Robert Makgill, 2nd

Viscount of Oxfuird Viscount of Oxfuird is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1651 for Sir James Makgill, 1st Baronet, along with the subsidiary title of Lord Makgill of Cousland, also in the Peerage of Scotland, with remainder to his "heirs male ...

Career

In December 1692, he succeeded his father as 4th

Earl of Callendar Earl of Callendar was a title in the Peerage of Scotland.Also spelt "Calendar" and "Calender" It was created in 1641 for James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar, James Livingston, 1st Lord Livingston of Almond, a younger son of Alexander Livingsto ...

, Lord Livingston and Almond (who had inherited the title from James' great-uncle, Alexander Livingston), and on 7 August 1695, following the death of his paternal uncle

George George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...

, he succeeded as the 5th

Earl of Linlithgow Earl of Linlithgow was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1600 for Alexander Livingston, 7th Lord Livingston, along with the subsidiary title of Lord Livingston of Callendar. In 1695, the Earldom of Linlithgow merged with t ...

. His uncle, who died without issue, had been married to Hon. Henrietta Sutherland (daughter of Alexander Sutherland, 1st

Lord Duffus The title Lord Duffus was created by Charles II in the Peerage of Scotland on 8 December 1650 for Alexander Sutherland. He was a descendant of the 4th Earl of Sutherland, who fell in battle in 1333. The title is now extinct, although there may b ...

). In 1712, he was Captain of the Company of Foot in

Blackness Castle Blackness Castle is a 15th-century fortress, near the village of Blackness, Falkirk, Blackness, Scotland, on the south shore of the Firth of Forth. It was built, probably on the site of an earlier fort, by George Crichton, 1st Earl of Caithness ...

and from 13 January 1713 to 8 October 1713, he was a

Scottish representative peer This is a list of representative peers elected from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union 1707 abolished the unicameral Parliament of Scotland, where all Scottish Peers had been entit ...

. A fervent Jacobite, he joined the

1715 rising The Jacobite rising of 1715 ( ; or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts. At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, local landowner the Ear ...

and commanded a Squadron of Horse in the Jacobite defeat during the

Battle of Sheriffmuir The Battle of Sheriffmuir (, ) was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rising of 1715, Jacobite rising in Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Histor ...

in November 1715. Despite his surrender to

John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll Field Marshal John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, 1st Duke of Greenwich, (10 October 1680 – 4 October 1743), styled Lord Lorne from 1680 to 1703, was a British army officer and politician. He served on the continent in the Nine Years' War ...

, he was attained of

high treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its d ...

on 17 February 1715. Following his conviction, his estates and all his titles were forfeited to the Crown and sold.

Linlithgow Palace The ruins of Linlithgow Palace are located in the town of Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland, west of Edinburgh. The palace was one of the principal residences of the monarchs of Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland in the 15th and 16th ce ...

was given to

James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton and 2nd Duke of Brandon (5 January 1703 – 2 March 1743), was a Scottish peer, the son of the 4th Duke of Hamilton. Hamilton attended Winchester College from 1716 to 1717. He matriculated at Christ Church ...

, and in 1745 was occupied by "Colonel James Gardiner with his

dragoons Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat wi ...

." Livingston escaped to the Continent 1716 and joined the titular James III in exile in Papal territory at

Urbino Urbino ( , ; Romagnol: ''Urbìn'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italy, Italian region of Marche, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially und ...

Personal life

At some point after May 1707, Linlithgow was married to Lady Margaret Hay (d. 1723), the second daughter of John Hay, 12th Earl of Erroll and Lady Anne Drummond (only daughter of James Drummond, 3rd

Earl of Perth Earl of Perth is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1605 for James Drummond, 4th Lord Drummond. The Drummond family claim descent from Maurice, son of George, a younger son of King Andrew I of Hungary. Maurice arrived in Sc ...

). Lady Margaret was the younger sister of sister of Mary Hay, 14th Countess of Erroll. Together, they were the parents of two children: * Hon. James Livingston, Lord Livingston (1710–1715), who died in childhood. * Lady Anne Livingston (1709–1747), who married

William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock (12 May 170518 August 1746), was a Scottish peer who joined the 1745 Jacobite Rising, was captured at Culloden and subsequently executed for treason on Tower Hill. His family were supporters of the governmen ...

(1705–1746), who was also convicted of high treason after which the Earldom of Kilmarnock was forfeited and he was executed on

Tower Hill Tower Hill is the area surrounding the Tower of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is infamous for the public execution of high status prisoners from the late 14th to the mid 18th century. The execution site on the higher gro ...

. Linlithgow died on 25 April 1723 at

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. As Lady Margaret's sister died childless, the Hay family dignities went to their grandson, James, Lord Boyd, son of the 4th Earl of Kilmarnock.

References

External links

Portrait of "James, 5th Earl of Linlithgow and 4th Earl of Callendar"
by the circle of Alexis-Simon Belle, at the

National Trust for Scotland The National Trust for Scotland () is a Scottish Building preservation and conservation trusts in the UK, conservation organisation. It is the largest membership organisation in Scotland and describes itself as "the charity that cares for, sha ...

Gladstone's Land Gladstone's Land is a surviving 17th-century tenement house situated in the Old Town, Edinburgh, Old Town of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland. It has been restored and furnished by the National Trust for Scotland, and is operated as a popular t ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Livingston, James Year of birth missing 1723 deaths Nobility from Falkirk (council area) Earls of Linlithgow 4

James James may refer to: People * James (given name) * James (surname) * James (musician), aka Faruq Mahfuz Anam James, (born 1964), Bollywood musician * James, brother of Jesus * King James (disambiguation), various kings named James * Prince Ja ...

Scottish representative peers Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland