James Graham, 3rd Duke Of Montrose
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James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose, KG, KT, PC (8 September 1755 – 30 December 1836), styled Marquess of Graham until 1790, was a Scottish nobleman and statesman.


Background

Montrose was the son of William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose, and Lady Lucy Manners, daughter of
John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland Order of the Garter, KG (18 September 1676 – 22 February 1721), styled Lord Roos from 1679 to 1703 and Marquess of Granby from 1703 to 1711, was a British Whig politician who sat in the English House of Com ...
.


Political career

Montrose was Member of Parliament for
Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, a city in the United States * Richmond, London, a town in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town ...
from 1780, and for
Great Bedwyn Great Bedwyn is a village and civil parish in east Wiltshire, England. The village is on the River Dun about southwest of Hungerford, southeast of Swindon and southeast of Marlborough. The Kennet and Avon Canal and the Reading to Taunt ...
from 1784 to 1790, when he succeeded his father in the dukedom. According to Robert Bain, Scotland can thank him for the repeal in 1782 of the
Dress Act 1746 The Dress Act 1746, also known as the Disclothing Act, was part of the Act of Proscription (19 Geo. 2. c. 39) which came into force on 1 August 1746 and made wearing "the Highland Dress" — including the kilt — by men and boys illegal in Sco ...
prohibiting the wearing of
tartan Tartan or plaid ( ) is a patterned cloth consisting of crossing horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colours, forming repeating symmetrical patterns known as ''setts''. Originating in woven wool, tartan is most strongly associated wi ...
s. He served as a Lord of the Treasury from 1783 to 1789, and as co-
Paymaster of the Forces The Paymaster of the Forces was a position in the British government. The office was established in 1661, one year after the Restoration (1660), Restoration of the Monarchy to Charles II of England, and was responsible for part of the financin ...
from 1789 to 1791. He was appointed a
Privy Counsellor The Privy Council, formally His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its members, known as privy counsellors, are mainly senior politicians who are current or former ...
and
Vice-President of the Board of Trade The office of Vice-president of the Board of Trade was a junior ministerial position in the government of the United Kingdom at the Board of Trade, within the Department for Business and Trade. The office of Vice-president was created in 1786 b ...
in 1789. He was
Master of the Horse Master of the Horse is an official position in several European nations. It was more common when most countries in Europe were monarchies, and is of varying prominence today. (ancient Rome) The original Master of the Horse () in the Roman Rep ...
from 1790 to 1795, and from 1807 to 1821, Commissioner for India from 1791 to 1803,
Lord Justice General Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are ...
of Scotland from 1795 to 1836,
President of the Board of Trade The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. A committee of the His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, it was first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th centur ...
from 1804 to 1806,
Lord Chamberlain The Lord Chamberlain of the Household is the most senior officer of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom, Royal Household of the United Kingdom, supervising the departments which support and provide advice to the Monarchy of the United Ki ...
from 1821 to 1827 and from 1828 to 1830. He was appointed
Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...
of the Fifeshire Militia when that regiment was first raised in 1798, and given the rank of Brevet Colonel in the army while the regiment was embodied. He was replaced by a professional military officer when the regiment as reorganised in 1802. He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1793, resigning from the Order when appointed a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. The most senior order of knighthood in the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, British honours system, it is outranked in ...
in 1812. He was Chancellor of the University of Glasgow from 1780 to 1836, Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire from 1790 to 1793, Lord Lieutenant of Stirlingshire from 1795 until his death, and Lord Lieutenant of Dumbartonshire from 1813 until his death. Graham was a very effective member of the House of Commons, especially when speaking on Scottish topics. Early in his career as a minister under
William Pitt the Younger William Pitt (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman who served as the last prime minister of Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and then first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, p ...
, Graham was attacked in the '' Rolliad'': :——Superior to abuse, :He nobly glories in the name of GOOSE; :Such Geese at Rome from the perfidious Gaul :Preserv'd the Treas'ry-Bench and Capitol, &c. &c


Family

Montrose was twice married. He married firstly Lady Jemima Ashburnham, daughter of John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham, in 1785. His first wife died in September 1786, aged 24 (following the death of their only son born on 4 September 1786, who died as an infant in April 1787). After her death, he married secondly Lady Caroline Montagu, daughter of George Montagu, 4th Duke of Manchester and Elizabeth Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, on 24 July 1790. They had seven children: # Lady Georgiana-Charlotte, born 1791. Married George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea. # Lady Caroline, born September 1792. # Lady Lucy, born October 1793. Married Edward Herbert, Viscount Clive (Later 2nd Earl of Powis). Grandson of Clive of India. # James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose, born 16 July 1799. # Lady Martha, died in infancy. # Lady Emily, born in 1805. Married Edward Thomas Foley, grandson of Lord Foley. # Montagu-William, born February 1807. Montrose died at
Grosvenor Square Grosvenor Square ( ) is a large garden square in the Mayfair district of Westminster, Greater London. It is the centrepiece of the Mayfair property of the Duke of Westminster, and takes its name from the duke's surname "Grosvenor". It was deve ...
in December 1836, aged 81, and was succeeded in the dukedom by his son, James. The Duchess of Montrose died in March 1847, aged 76.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montrose, James Graham, 3rd Duke of 1755 births 1836 deaths 18th-century Scottish nobility 19th-century Scottish people British MPs 1780–1784 British MPs 1784–1790 Fifeshire Militia officers Montrose, 3rd Duke of 203 Knights of the Garter Knights of the Thistle Lord-lieutenants of Dunbartonshire Lord-lieutenants of Huntingdonshire Lord-lieutenants of Stirlingshire Lords Justice-General Graham, James Graham, Marquess of Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain Graham, James Graham, Marquess of Postmasters general of the United Kingdom Presidents of the Board of Trade Members of Parliament for Great Bedwyn