Jakob Koppel Löwenstein (also Moshe Yaakov Kopel HaLevi Lewenstein; August 17, 1799, in

Bruchsal Bruchsal (; South Franconian: ''Brusl'') is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route. Bruchsal is the lar ...

– July 27, 1869, in

Tauberbischofsheim Tauberbischofsheim () is a German town in the north-east of Baden-Württemberg on the river Tauber with a population of about 13,200. It is the capital of the Main-Tauber (district), Main-Tauber district. It is a popular tourist destination due t ...

) was a

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

rabbi A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of t ...

and writer in

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Ba ...

Biography

Jakob Löwenstein was the son of Joseph Löwenstein. He studied first at the

Yeshiva A yeshiva (; ; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The stu ...

in Bruchsal, then from 1813 in

Karlsruhe Karlsruhe ( ; ; ; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, third-largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, after its capital Stuttgart a ...

under Ascher Löw and Aron Ettlinger (father of

Jacob Ettlinger Jacob Ettlinger (17 March 1798 – 7 December 1871) () was an Ashkenazi rabbi and author, and one of the leaders of Orthodox Judaism. He is sometimes referred to as the ''Aruch la-Ner'' (ערוך לנר), after his best-known publication. Biog ...

, friend of Jakob Löwenstein from his youth), from 1816 in

Mainz Mainz (; #Names and etymology, see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is List of cities in Germany by population, Germany's 35th-largest city. It lies in ...

under Abraham Naftali Hertz Scheuer, from 1820 in

Hanau Hanau () is a city in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is 25 km east of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main and part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Its railway Hanau Hauptbahnhof, station is a ma ...

under Moses (Moshe Tuvia) Sontheim, and from 1825 in

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the Franconia#Towns and cities, third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. It sp ...

under Abraham Bing. In 1825 and 1826 he studied secular studies at the

University of Würzburg The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the ol ...

. In 1829 Löwenstein married Regina (Rechel) Ettlinger (born 1806 in Karlsruhe; died 1880). Together they had thirteen children, of which the following eleven were born in

Gailingen am Hochrhein Gailingen am Hochrhein (Low Alemannic: ''Gailinge am Hochrhi'') is a village in the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg, in southern Germany. It is situated in a southernmost part of the region of Hegau in a unique location on the north ...

: Adelheid (born 26 May 1830), Hannchen (born 24 May 1831), Minette (born 20 August 1832; died 10 April 1835), Isaac (born 5 October 1834), Rebekka (born 16 April 1836), Samuel (born 17 January 1838), Babette (born 29 December 1839), Mirjam (born 31 December 1841), Leopold (1843–1923), Judith (born 16 September 1845) and Joseph (born 29 December 1847). From 1829 to 1851 he was district rabbi in Gailingen. He was a representative of the so-called neo-orthodoxy. In July 1852 he took over the district rabbinate in Tauberbischofsheim, a position he held until his death.

Works

Löwenstein authored ''Menorah Tehorah'' (in

) in opposition of the

reformist Reformism is a political tendency advocating the reform of an existing system or institution – often a political or religious establishment – as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution. Within the socialist movement, ref ...

s. The book was printed in

Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; ; ; ; ), historically known in English as Shaffhouse, is a list of towns in Switzerland, town with historic roots, a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of Schaffh ...

in 1835.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lowenstein, Jakob 1869 deaths 1799 births People from Bruchsal 19th-century German rabbis