The Jadoon, also known as Gadoon or Jadun (;

Hindko Hindko (, , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern Pun ...

: جدون) is a

Pashtun Pashtuns (, , ; ;), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are an Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They were historically also referred to as Afghans until 1964 after the ...

tribe primarily residing in the Hazara and Kohistan regions as well as in the southern slopes of Mahaban

mountains A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher ...

, called the ''Gadoon area'' in the Swabi district of the

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...

province of

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

. Some members of the tribe also live in Nangarhar and Kunar in

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

History

A small section of the Jadoon tribeusing the

ethnonym An ethnonym () is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (whose name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms, or endonyms (whose name is created and used ...

''Gadun''speaks Pashto, but the rest of the tribe in the Hazara region has been assimilated into the Hindkowan Hazarewal community and speaks

. Sir Olaf Caroe, a

British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...

-era administrator of the NWFP, counts the Jadoon tribe under the Panni sub-division in the genealogy of the Gharghasht in his book ''The Pathans''. According to the historian Ĭuriĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ (Yuri V. Gankovskiy), professor of Pakistan Studies at Institute of Oriental Studies in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

, the Jadoons were a tribe of Indo-Aryan origin that were assimilated by the

Kakar The Kakar (Pashto: کاکړ) is a Gharghashti Pashtun tribe, based in Afghanistan, parts of Iran, and northern Balochistan in Pakistan. Origins of the tribe Kakars are descendants of Dani (or Daani) who was the son of Gharghasht. Gharghasht wa ...

Genetics

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon,

Yusufzai The Yusufzai or Yousafzai (, ), also referred to as the Esapzai (, ), or Yusufzai Afghans historically, are one of the largest tribes of Pashtuns. They are natively based in the northern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( Malakand, Dir, Swat, Shangl ...

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...

, Gurjar and Tanoli men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men are of predominantly East Asian paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females were marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of the

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

. 82.5% of Jadoon men carry Q-MEH2 and O3-M122, which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gurjars and Yusufzais. There appears to be founder effect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon. 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gurjars and 2.82% of Yusufzais carry O3-M122. 56.25% of Jadoons in another test were found to carry West Eurasian maternal

Haplogroup H (mtDNA) Haplogroup H is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated in West Asia, near present-day Syria, around 20,000 to 25,000 years ago. A specimen found in South Italy f ...

. Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the region like Yusufzais and Sayyids.

People

* Amanullah Khan Jadoon, former

MPA MPA or mPa may refer to: Academia Academic degrees * Master of Performing Arts * Master of Professional Accountancy * Master of Public Administration * Master of Public Affairs Schools * Mesa Preparatory Academy * Morgan Park Academy * M ...

and Federal Minister * Iqbal Khan Jadoon, former Governor of

Amira Jadoon
Professor, Clemson University, United States

References

{{reflist * ''Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad'' by Muhammad Shafi Sabir. * "The Jadoons" by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001). * Sir Olaf Caroe, (1958) ''The Pathans''. * ''Afghan'' by Muhammad Asif Fitrat * ''Karwan-e-Jadoon'' Pashtun tribes Gharghashti Pashtun tribes Surnames Pakistani names

History

Genetics

People

See also

References