Jack Pickford
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Jack Pickford (born John Charles Smith, August 18, 1896 – January 3, 1933), was a Canadian-American actor, film director and producer. He was the younger brother of actresses
Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a female given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religion * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also called the Blesse ...
and
Lottie Pickford Charlotte Smith (June 9, 1893 – December 9, 1936), known professionally as Lottie Pickford, was a Canadian-American silent film actress and socialite. She was the younger sister of fellow actress Mary Pickford and elder sister of actor Jack P ...
. After their father deserted the family, all three Pickford children began working as child actors on the stage. Mary later became a highly popular
silent film A silent film is a film without synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, w ...
actress, producer and early Hollywood pioneer. While Jack appeared in numerous films as the "All American boy next door" and was a fairly popular performer, he was overshadowed by his sister's success. His career declined steadily due to alcohol, drugs and chronic depression.


Early life

John Charles Smith, known as "Jack", was born in 1896 in
Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...
,
Ontario Ontario is the southernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the Population of Canada by province and territory, country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it ...
, to John Charles Smith, an English immigrant odd-job man of Methodist background, and Charlotte Hennessy Smith, who was Irish Catholic. His alcoholic father died in 1898, leaving the family impoverished. The children were dispersed, all living in separate households as their mother was grief-stricken and unable to support the family. However, Jack soon became very ill. The news of his illness revitalized their mother Charlotte and the family was reunited. Out of desperation, Charlotte allowed Jack and his two sisters Gladys and Lottie to appear onstage, beginning with Gladys, the eldest. This proved a good source of income and, by 1900, the family had relocated to New York City and the children were acting in plays across the United States. Most notably, young Jack appeared onstage in ''Peg Robin'' and ''The Three of Us''. Jack received his education in public schools and later attended St. Francis Military Academy, New York. Due to work, the family was constantly separated until 1910 when Gladys signed with
Biograph Studios Biograph Studios was an early film studio and laboratory complex, built in 1912 by the Biograph Company at 807 East 175th Street, in The Bronx, New York City, New York, which was preceded by two locations in Manhattan. History 841 Broadway ...
, led by director
D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Considered one of the most influential figures in the history of the motion picture, he pioneered many aspects of film editing and expanded the art of the n ...
. By this time, his sister Gladys Smith had been transformed into
Mary Pickford Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American film actress and producer. A Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, pioneer in the American film industry with a Hollywood care ...
. (Marie was her middle name, and Pickford an old family name.) Following suit, the Smiths changed their stage names to "Pickford". Soon after signing with Biograph, Mary secured jobs for all the family, including the then 14-year-old Jack. In early January 1910, when the Biograph Company headed west to
Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, only Mary was meant to go until Jack pleaded to join the company as well. Much to Mary's protest, Charlotte threw him on the train as it left the station. When the company arrived in Hollywood, Jack acted in
bit part In acting, a bit part is a role in which there is direct interaction with the principal actors and no more than five lines of dialogue, often referred to as a five-or-less or under-five in the United States, or under sixes in British televisio ...
s and as a
stunt double In filmmaking, a double is a person who substitutes for another actor such that the person's face is not shown. There are various terms associated with a double based on the specific body part or ability they serve as a double for, such as stunt ...
for young actresses, earning his way and supporting Mary. They both returned to New York months later, in April 1910. The Pickford family briefly signed to the Independent Motion Picture Company (IMP) and the company moved to
Havana Havana (; ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
. However, the family eventually left and returned to the United States, re-signing with Biograph. Jack had a leading role in the short ''
A Dash Through the Clouds ''A Dash Through the Clouds'' is a 1912 short American silent comedy film directed by Mack Sennett, written by Dell Henderson and starring Mabel Normand. It has the distinction of being somewhat of an aviation film as Sennett employed the service ...
'' (1912), but the Pickford family conclusively left Biograph in late 1912. In 1912,
Adolph Zukor Adolph Zukor (; ; January 7, 1873 – June 10, 1976) was a Hungarian-American film producer best known as one of the three founders of Paramount Pictures.Obituary ''Variety Obituaries, Variety'' (June 16, 1976), p. 76. He produced one of Ameri ...
formed Famous Players in Famous Plays, later known as
Famous Players–Lasky The Famous Players–Lasky Corporation was an American motion picture and distribution company formed on June 28, 1916, from the merger of Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Companyoriginally formed by Zukor as Famous Players in Famous Playsan ...
and then
Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Corporation, commonly known as Paramount Pictures or simply Paramount, is an American film production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the flagship namesake subsidiary of Paramount ...
, one of the first American feature film companies. Mary signed with Famous Players, and included the family. Mary soon became a well-known star, and by 1919 had signed a contract for $1 million with
First National Pictures First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the count ...
. As part of her contract, Mary saw to it that her family was brought along, giving Jack Pickford a lucrative contract with the company, as well.


Acting career

By the time he signed with First National, Pickford had played bit parts in 95 shorts and full-length feature films. Although Pickford was considered an excellent actor, he is largely viewed as having failed to live up to his potential. Pickford appeared in a large number of short films, prior to the mid-1910s, when his sister Mary was at the pinnacle of her fame. The two siblings feature together in '' A Girl of Yesterday'' (1915) and '' Poor Little Peppina'' (1916) under Famous Players. However, '' Fanchon, the Cricket'' (1915) was one of the only films in which all three Pickford siblings appear. It was thought lost until rediscovered in the 20th century at the British Film Institute. Famous Players–Lasky president Adolph Zukor gave Pickford his first lead performance debut in the film '' Seventeen'' (1916), an adaptation of
Booth Tarkington Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels ''The Magnificent Ambersons'' (1918) and ''Alice Adams (novel), Alice Adams'' (1921). He is one of only four novelists to w ...
's novel. It was described as "screamingly funny". In 1917, he starred in one of his first major roles as Pip in the adaptation of
Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and Social criticism, social critic. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by ...
' ''
Great Expectations ''Great Expectations'' is the thirteenth novel by English author Charles Dickens and his penultimate completed novel. The novel is a bildungsroman and depicts the education of an orphan nicknamed Pip. It is Dickens' second novel, after ''Dav ...
.'' After gaining critical success from these two productions, Pickford was then cast as the lead in ''
The Dummy "The Dummy" is the 98th episode of the American television anthology series ''The Twilight Zone'' starring Cliff Robertson as a ventriloquist. It is not to be confused with a similar episode " Caesar and Me", in which Jackie Cooper plays a ve ...
'' (1917), adapted from the 1914 play by Harriet Ford and Harvey J. O'Higgins, which proved extremely popular. It was a critical success and Pickford's first breakthrough performance. Later in 1917, Pickford secured the title role in
Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," with William Fau ...
's ''
Tom Sawyer Thomas "Tom" Sawyer () is the title character of the Mark Twain novel '' The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' (1876). He appears in three other novels by Twain: '' Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' (1884), '' Tom Sawyer Abroad'' (1894), and '' Tom Sawy ...
'' and the follow-up ''
Huck and Tom ''Huck and Tom'' is a surviving American comedy-drama film directed by William Desmond Taylor and released in 1918. The scenario by Julia Crawford Ivers is derived from Mark Twain's novels ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' (1876) and ''The Advent ...
'' (1918). ''Tom Sawyer'' (1917) was considered one of Pickford's most successful film roles, as the title character resembled Pickford's on and off-screen persona. In a letter, on the completion of the production, he wrote: "I've always been fond of Mark Twain's writings and Tom has long been a favorite of mine—somehow we seem to have a great deal in common. He performed so many of the very stunts that I remember in my own boyhood." In the early years of his career, Pickford became known for his clever portrayal of various boy parts in American novels. Pickford was regularly teamed onscreen with actress
Louise Huff Louise Huff (November 14, 1895 – August 22, 1973) was an American actress of the silent film era. Biography Huff was a descendant of former President James Knox Polk. She began her acting career at the age of 15 and toured in productions ...
. They both appeared in ''Seventeen'' (1916), ''Great Expectations'' (1917), ''
Freckles Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion. Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that ...
'' (1917), '' What Money Can't Buy'' (1917), '' The Varmint'' (1917), '' The Ghost House'' (1917), ''
Jack and Jill "Jack and Jill" (sometimes "Jack and Gill", particularly in earlier versions) is a traditional English nursery rhyme. The Roud Folk Song Index classifies the commonest tune and its variations as number 10266, although it has been set to severa ...
'' (1917), '' His Majesty, Bunker Bean'' (1918), '' Mile-a-Minute Kendall'' (1918), and ''
Sandy Sandy may refer to: People and fictional characters *Sandy (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname * Sandy (surname), a list of people * Sandy (Iranian music band), Iranian singer, comp ...
'' (1918) under
Paramount Pictures Paramount Pictures Corporation, commonly known as Paramount Pictures or simply Paramount, is an American film production company, production and Distribution (marketing), distribution company and the flagship namesake subsidiary of Paramount ...
. In early 1918, after the United States entered
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, Pickford voluntarily joined the
U.S. Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest displacement, at 4.5 million tons in 2021. It has the world's largest aircraft ...
as an enlisted sailor and was stationed at the Third Naval District in Manhattan, New York. Despite nearly being dishonorably discharged, Pickford was granted an honourable discharge in May 1919. In August 1920, he officially became a citizen of the United States and legally changed his surname from Smith to Pickford.After the war in 1919, Pickford formed his own production company named the Jack Pickford Film Company, in partnership with
First National Pictures First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the count ...
. For a brief period, he produced and starred in his own films such as ''Bill Apperson's Boy'' (1919), ''Burglar by Proxy'' (1919), and '' In Wrong'' (1919). James Kirkwood directed Pickford during this time, in hope of boosting the actor's career. In 1920, he signed with
Goldwyn Pictures Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, ...
and starred in '' The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come'' (1920), an adaptation of John Fox Jr.'s novel. Pickford became "bitterly disappointed" in the writing quality and directorial style of the film. He was determined to buy back the rights, with the intention for a future remake. '' A Double-Eyed Deceiver'' (1920), ''The Man Who Had Everything'' (1920), and ''Just Out of College'' (1920) followed and were all directed by
Alfred E. Green Alfred Edward Green (July 11, 1889 – September 4, 1960) was an American film director. Green entered film in 1912 as an actor for the Selig Polyscope Company. He became an assistant to director Colin Campbell. Biography Green was born on Jul ...
, starring Pickford as the lead. However, Goldwyn and Pickford had creative differences and parted ways. Pickford also dabbled in screenwriting and directing. In 1921, he co-directed ''Little Lord Faunteroy'' (1921) and '' Through the Back Door'' (1921) with Alfred E. Green, under
United Artists United Artists (UA) is an American film production and film distribution, distribution company owned by Amazon MGM Studios. In its original operating period, it was founded in February 1919 by Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, Mary Pickford an ...
, both films starring his sister Mary. Pickford was hired as the director in an attempt to rid him of his depression after the passing of his wife
Olive Thomas Olive Thomas (born Olive R. Duffy; October 20, 1894 – September 10, 1920) was an American silent-film actress, art model, and photo model. Her birth certificate appears to list her name as Oliva but this is widely thought to be an error. In th ...
a year prior. This was seen as an opportunity to give his career a new direction. In 1921, there were plans afoot for ''A Tailor-Made Man'' (1922) to be directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Pickford, under United Artists. But for reasons unknown, changes were made and Mary sold the film to Charles Ray. By 1923, his roles had gone from several a year to one. After dedicating the last two years to directorial work, Pickford returned to acting in '' Garrison's Finish'' (1923). While Pickford’s career did slow down after Thomas' death, the roles he played showed a new maturity and were some of the best of his career. These included ''The Hill Billy'' (1924), ''
The Goose Woman The Goose Woman is a 1925 American silent film, silent drama film directed by Clarence Brown and starring Louise Dresser with Jack Pickford as her son. The film was released by Universal Pictures.
'' (1925), '' Brown of Harvard'' (1926), and ''
Exit Smiling ''Exit Smiling'' is a 1926 American silent comedy film directed by Sam Taylor and starring New York and London revues star Beatrice Lillie in her first (and only silent) film role and Jack Pickford, the brother of star Mary Pickford. The film ...
'' (1926). In 1926, he played Brooks Bailey in '' The Bat'' (1926), directed by
Roland West Roland West (February 20, 1885 – March 31, 1952) was an American film director, known for his innovative proto-film noir movies of the 1920s and early 1930s. He is however best known for his possible involvement in the death of Hollywood ...
. Years later, West made a sound version titled ''
The Bat Whispers ''The Bat Whispers'' is a 1930 American pre-Code mystery film directed by Roland West, produced by Joseph M. Schenck, and released by United Artists. The film is based on the 1920 mystery play '' The Bat'', written by Mary Roberts Rinehart ...
'' (1930). In 1928, he finished his last film, acting as Clyde Baxter in '' Gang War'' (1928) – a confirmed part-
talkie A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed befo ...
. It was best known for being the main feature attached to ''
Steamboat Willie ''Steamboat Willie'' is a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by Walt Disney Animation Studios and was released by Pat Powers (producer), Pat Powers, under the name of Cele ...
'', the debut of
Mickey Mouse Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime icon and mascot of the Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large shoes, and white ...
in sound. Most of his films, especially those in the late 1910s, were both commercial and critical successes, making a highly regarded name for himself. Pickford's image was that of the All-American boy, with his sister being "America's Sweetheart". In all, Pickford appeared in more than 130 films between 1908 and 1928. The majority of these silent films remain lost, unknown by the general public. However, a few of his films have been made available on DVD.


Personal life

Pickford was good friends with James Kirkwood and Bobby Harron, originating from their Biograph days. They all appeared in '' Home, Sweet Home'' (1914). Pickford had an interest in automobiles. His sister Mary's first major extravagance was a car, a
Stanley Steamer The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam cars that operated from 1902 to 1924, going defunct after it failed to adapt to competition from rapidly improving internal combustion engine vehicles. The cars made by t ...
EMF, and Jack nicknamed it the "Even Mama Fell" and "Every Morning Fix it". He was filmed once driving a
Citroën Citroën ()The double-dot diacritic over the 'e' is a diaeresis () indicating the two vowels are sounded separately, and not as a diphthong. is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded on 4 June 19 ...
in Hollywood, a rival of
Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American Technological and industrial history of the United States, industrialist and business magnate. As the founder of the Ford Motor Company, he is credited as a pioneer in making automob ...
.


Marriages

Pickford met actress and Ziegfeld girl
Olive Thomas Olive Thomas (born Olive R. Duffy; October 20, 1894 – September 10, 1920) was an American silent-film actress, art model, and photo model. Her birth certificate appears to list her name as Oliva but this is widely thought to be an error. In th ...
at a beach cafe on the Santa Monica Pier. Screenwriter and director
Frances Marion Frances Marion (born Marion Benson Owens; November 18, 1888 – May 12, 1973) was an American screenwriter, director, journalist and author often cited as one of the most renowned female screenwriters of the 20th century alongside June Mathis a ...
later commented on the couple's lifestyle: Pickford and Thomas eloped on October 25, 1916, in New Jersey. None of their family was present and their only witness was
Thomas Meighan Thomas Meighan (April 9, 1879 – July 8, 1936) was an American actor of silent films and early talkies. He played several leading-man roles opposite popular actresses of the day, including Mary Pickford and Gloria Swanson. At one point he made ...
. The couple had no children of their own, though in 1920, they adopted Olive's then-six-year-old nephew when his mother died.''The Life and Death of Olive Thomas.''
Taylorology. Arizona State University.
Although by most accounts Olive was the love of Pickford's life, the marriage was stormy and filled with highly charged conflict, followed by lavish making up through the exchange of expensive gifts.
, Assumption College.
For many years the Pickfords had intended to vacation together and with their marriage on the rocks, the couple decided to take a second honeymoon. In August 1920, the pair travelled to Paris, hoping to combine a vacation with some film preparations. On the night of September 5, 1920, the couple went out for a night of entertainment and partying at the famous bistros in the
Montparnasse Montparnasse () is an area in the south of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail. It is split betwee ...
quarter of Paris. They returned to their room in the Hôtel Ritz around 3:00 a.m. It was rumored Thomas may have taken cocaine that night, though it was never proven. She was intoxicated and tired, and took a large dose of
mercury bichloride Mercury(II) chloride (mercury bichloride, mercury dichloride, mercuric chloride), historically also sulema or corrosive sublimate, is the inorganic chemical compound of mercury and chlorine with the formula HgCl2, used as a laboratory reagent. ...
, a caustic medication, applied externally to treat syphilis (which Jack had). She was taken to the American Hospital in the Paris suburb of Neuilly, where Pickford, together with his former brother-in-law
Owen Moore Owen Moore (12 December 1886 – 9 June 1939) was an Irish people, Irish-born American actor, appearing in more than 279 movies spanning from 1908 to 1937. Early life and career Moore was born in Fordstown Crossroads, County Meath, Ireland. A ...
, remained at her side until she died from the poison a few days later. Rumors arose that she had either tried to die by suicide or had been murdered. A police investigation followed, as well as an autopsy, and Thomas's death was ruled accidental. Pickford married two more times. On July 31, 1922, he married
Marilyn Miller Marilyn Miller (born Mary Ellen Reynolds; September 1, 1898 – April 7, 1936) was one of the most popular Broadway musical stars of the 1920s and early 1930s. She was an accomplished tap dancer, singer and actress, and the combination of thes ...
(1898–1936), a celebrated Broadway dancer and former Ziegfeld girl, at his sister and brother-in-law's famed home
Pickfair Pickfair is a mansion and estate in the city of Beverly Hills, California. The original Pickfair was an estate designed by architect Horatio Cogswell for attorney Lee Allen Phillips of Berkeley Square as a country home. Phillips sold the pro ...
. By most accounts it was an abusive marriage due to Pickford's drug abuse and alcoholism. They separated in 1926 and Miller was granted a French divorce in November 1927. Pickford's final marriage was to Mary Mulhern, aged 22 and a former Ziegfeld girl, whom he married on August 12, 1930. Within three months Pickford grew increasingly volatile towards Mulhern. After two years Mulhern left Pickford, claiming he had mistreated her throughout the marriage. She was granted an interlocutory divorce in February 1932 which had yet to be finalized at the time of Pickford's death.


Death and legacy

In 1932, Pickford visited his sister Mary at Pickfair. According to Mary, he looked ill and emaciated; his clothes were hanging on him as if he were a clothes hanger. Mary Pickford recalled in her autobiography that she felt a wave of premonition when watching her brother leave. As they started down the stairs to the automobile entrance, Jack called back to her "Don't come down with me, Mary dear, I can go alone." Mary later wrote that as she stood at the top of the staircase, an inner voice said "That's the last time you'll see Jack". Jack Pickford, at age 36, died at the
American Hospital of Paris The American Hospital of Paris (''Hôpital américain de Paris''), founded in 1906, is a private, not-for-profit, community hospital certified under the French healthcare system. Located in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in the western suburbs of Paris, Fra ...
on January 3, 1933. The cause for his death was listed as "progressive multiple
neuritis Neuritis (), from the Greek ), is inflammation of a nerve or the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system. Inflammation, and frequently concomitant demyelination, cause impaired transmission of neural signals and leads to aberrant ne ...
which attacked all the nerve centers". This was believed due to his alcoholism. "I have lived more than most men, and I am tired — so tired!" These were the last words whispered by Jack on his death bed. Mary Pickford arranged for his body to be returned to Los Angeles, where he was interred in the private Pickford plot at
Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California, United States. It is the original and current flagship location of Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries, a chain of six cemeteries and four additional mortuaries ...
. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Jack Pickford has a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a landmark which consists of 2,813 five-pointed terrazzo-and-brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in the Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood dist ...
at 1523 Vine Street.


Pickford siblings

Pickford and his sister Lottie were both silent film actors in their own right, but of course, were often overshadowed by their older sister, Mary. Living in her shadow, the two younger siblings embraced the happy-go-lucky times and fast living of the 1920s. Oddly enough, they both starred in ''Mile-a-Minute Kendall'' (1918) as lovers. Lottie was left heartbroken after Jack's untimely death in early 1933. According to Mary: "She ottiewas never the same after Jack's going. They were so very close in temperament and even in looks. It was as though with my brother's passing the better part of her had died too".


Selected filmography


Bibliography

* Arvidson, Linda. ''When the Movies Were Young''. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969. * Menefee, David W. ''The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era''. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007. * Talmadge, Margaret L. ''The Talmadge Sisters''. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1924. * ''Paris Authorities Investigate Death of Olive Thomas.'' ''The New York Times'', September 11, 1920. *
POLICE DEMAND FURTHER PROBE OF OLIVE THOMAS' DEATH
'
The Washington times. (Washington D.C.) 1902-1939
September 12, 1920. * Holmstrom, John. ''The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995'', Norwich: Michael Russell, 1996, pp. 10–11. * ''Mary Pickford: America's Sweetheart'' by Scott Eyman * '' Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood'' by Eileen Whitfield * ''The First King of Hollywood: The Life of Douglas Fairbanks'' by Tracey Goessel * Michelle Vogel. ''Olive Thomas: The Life and Death of a Silent Film Beauty'' * Steve Vaught. "You Don't Know Jack – A Second Take on Jack Pickford" *"Cleanup of Paris Cafes May Follow Movie Stars Death" Daily News, September 14, 1920 * Amy Marie. "The Final Years of Jack Pickford" * Gordon Thomas. "Beautiful Dead Girl: On Early Hollywood Casualty Olive Thomas" * Shane Brown. "The Man Who Had Everything: The Curious Case of Jack Pickford and the New York Times"


See also

* ''
Canadian Pioneers in Early Hollywood Motion pictures have been a part of the culture of Canada since the industry began. History Around 1910, the East Coast filmmakers began to take advantage of the mild California winter climates, and after Nestor Studios, run by Canadian Al Chri ...
''


References


External links

* *
Family Photos
- The Mary Pickford Foundation
Jack Pickford
- Virtual History

(2001) Documentary {{DEFAULTSORT:Pickford, Jack 1896 births 1933 deaths 20th-century American male actors 20th-century Canadian male actors American silent film directors American male child actors American male film actors American male silent film actors American male stage actors Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) Canadian emigrants to the United States Canadian male child actors Canadian male film actors Canadian male silent film actors Canadian male stage actors Deaths from polio Film directors from Toronto Male actors from Toronto Canadian silent film directors United States Navy personnel of World War I United States Navy sailors Naturalized citizens of the United States