physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

, interaction-free measurement is a type of measurement in quantum mechanics that detects the position, presence, or state of an object without an interaction occurring between it and the measuring device. Examples include the

Renninger negative-result experiment In quantum mechanics, the Renninger negative-result experiment is a thought experiment that illustrates some of the difficulties of understanding the nature of wave function collapse and measurement in quantum mechanics. The statement is that a pa ...

, the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb-testing problem, and certain double-cavity optical systems, such as

Hardy's paradox Hardy's paradox is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics devised by Lucien Hardy in 1992–1993 in which a particle and its antiparticle may interact without Annihilation, annihilating each other. Experiments. Also availablhere using the techni ...

. In

Quantum Computation Quantum computing is a type of computation whose operations can harness the phenomena of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. Devices that perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers. Though ...

such measurements are referred to as

Counterfactual Quantum Computation Counterfactual quantum computation is a method of inferring the result of a computation without actually running a quantum computer otherwise capable of actively performing that computation. Conceptual origin Physicists Graeme Mitchison and Richa ...

, an idea introduced by physicists Graeme Mitchinson and Richard Jozsa. Examples include Keith Bowden's Counterfactual Mirror ArrayBowden, Keith G, "Classical Computation can be Counterfactual", in Aspects I, Proc ANPA19, Cambridge 1997 (published May 1999), describing a digital computer that could be counterfactually interrogated to calculate whether a light beam would fail to pass through a maze. Initially proposed as thought experiments, interaction-free measurements have been experimentally demonstrated in various configurations. Interaction-free measurements have also been proposed as a way to reduce sample damage in electron microscopy.

Counterfactual quantum communication

In 2012 the idea of counterfactual quantum communication has been proposed and demonstrated. Its first achievement was reported in 2017. According to contemporary conceptions of counterfactual quantum communication, information can thereby be exchanged without any physical particle / matter / energy being transferred between the parties, without quantum teleportation and without the information being the absence of a signal. In 2020 research suggested that this is based on some form of relation between the properties of modular angular momentum with massless current of modular angular momentum current crossing the "transmission channel" with their interpretation's explanation not being based on " spooky action at a distance" but properties of a particle being able to "travel ''

locally In mathematics, a mathematical object is said to satisfy a property locally, if the property is satisfied on some limited, immediate portions of the object (e.g., on some ''sufficiently small'' or ''arbitrarily small'' neighborhoods of points). Pr ...

'' through regions from which the particle itself is excluded". CC-BY icon

Available on arXiv unde
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References

Bibliography

# # # Louis de Broglie, ''The Current Interpretation of Wave Mechanics'', (1964) Elsevier, Amsterdam. ''(Provides discussion of the Renninger experiment.)'' # ''(Provides a recent discussion of the Renninger experiment)''. # ''(Section 4.1 reviews Renninger's experiment)''. # Paul G. Kwiat,
''The Tao of Quantum Interrogation''
(2001). #

Sean M. Carroll Sean Michael Carroll (born October 5, 1966) is an American theoretical physicist and philosopher who specializes in quantum mechanics, gravity, and cosmology. He is (formerly) a research professor in the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical ...

''Quantum Interrogation''
, (2006).

External links

* Quantum measurement Philosophy of physics Thought experiments in quantum mechanics {{quantum-stub

Counterfactual quantum communication

See also

References

Bibliography

External links