Indirect single transferable votingWaqar, M. (2020). Gender Quotas and Political Dynasties: Explaining Women's Substantive Representation in Pakistan's National Assembly (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University). or Gove systemThe Proportional Representation Congress Stoughton Cooley The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 4 (Nov., 1893), pp. 112-117 (6 pages)
/ref> is a version of

single transferable vote The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV) is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vot ...

(STV), where the vote transfer is determined by the candidate's instructions, not voter's marked preferences. This system produces many of the benefits of STV without the complexity of a

ranked voting Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' Ordinal utility, rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only on voters' total order, order of preference of the cand ...

system. Under indirect STV, there would be no need to concentrate the votes in one place for vote transfers to be performed. Indirect STV was invented by Walter Baily, of Leeds, and put forward in his 1872 book PR in Large Constituencies. Massachusetts legislator William H. Gove of Salem and Archibald E. Dobbs of Ireland, author of Representative Reform for Ireland (1879), both were early and strong supporters. Indirect STV, as defined here, is not used currently in government elections. Indirect single transferable voting is distinct from an ''

indirect election An indirect election or ''hierarchical voting,'' is an election in which voters do not choose directly among candidates or parties for an office ( direct voting system), but elect people who in turn choose candidates or parties. It is one of the o ...

by the single transferable vote'', which means an election by a legislative body or

electoral college An electoral college is a body whose task is to elect a candidate to a particular office. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliament ...

(instead of the enfranchised population) using the single transferable vote election system. Indirect election by the single transferable vote is used to elect some members in some states of

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

and for election of some positions within the Indian national assembly. The indirect single transferable voting is used to elect some members of the

Senate of Pakistan The Senate of Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan, constitutionally the House of the Federation, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. As of 2023, It has a maximum membership of 96, of which 92 are elected by the Member of th ...

. (Election of many Senate members is done by elected provincial members, using STV of the usual form.)Senate Elections 2018, How to Vote under the System of Proportional Representation by Means of a Single Transferable Vote (Election Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad) (https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/1/Senate%20English%20Book.pdf)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Single Transferable Vote Single transferable vote Multi-winner electoral systems Preferential electoral systems