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Ibn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī (), full name: Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi al-Marrakushi () (29 December 1256 – 31 July 1321), was an Arab Muslim polymath who was active as a
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
,
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galax ...
, Islamic scholar,
Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
and
astrologer Astrology is a range of Divination, divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions ...
.


Biography

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman was born in the ''Qa'at Ibn Nahid'' Quarter of Marrakesh on 29 or 30 December 1256. His '' nisba'' al-Marrakushi is in relation to his birth and death in his hometown
Marrakesh Marrakesh or Marrakech (; , ) is the fourth-largest city in Morocco. It is one of the four imperial cities of Morocco and is the capital of the Marrakesh–Safi Regions of Morocco, region. The city lies west of the foothills of the Atlas Mounta ...
and al azdi means he was from the big arab tribe Azd. His father was a mason thus the '' kunya'' Ibn al-Banna' (lit. the son of the mason). Ibn al-Banna' studied a variety of subjects under at least 17 masters: Quran under the '' Qari's'' Muhammad ibn al-bashir and shaykh al-Ahdab. '' ʻilm al-ḥadīth'' under ''qadi al-Jama'a'' (chief judge) of Fez َAbu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Hakam al-Tujibi, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Jazuli and Abu abd allah ibn. ''
Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica
''Fiqh'' is of ...
and Usul al-Fiqh'' under Abu Imran Musa ibn Abi Ali az-Zanati al-Marrakushi and Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Maghili who taugh him al-Juwayni's '' Kitab al-Irsahd''. He also studied Arabic grammar under Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abd as-Salam as-Sanhaji and Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yahya as-sharif al-marrakushi who also taugh him Euclid’s ''Elements''. '' ʿArūḍ'' and '' ʿilm al-farāʾiḍ'' under Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Idris ibn Malik al-Quda'i al-Qallusi. Arithmetic under Muhammad ibn Ali, known as Ibn Ḥajala. Ibn al-Banna' also studied astronomy under Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad ibn Makhluf as-Sijilmassi. He also studied medecine under al-Mirrīkh. He is known to have attached himself to the founder of the Hazmiriyya ''zawiya'' and sufi saint of Aghmat, Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman al-Hazmiri, who guided his arithmetic skills toward divinational predictions. Ibn al-Banna' taught classes in Marrakesh and some of his students were: Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali al-Hawari al-Misrati (d.1344), Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman al-Laja'i (d. 1369) and Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Abli (d. 1356). He died at Marrakesh on 31 July 1321.


Works

Ibn al-Banna' wrote over 100 works encompassing such varied topics as Astronomy, Astrology, the division of inheritances, Linguistics, Logic, Mathematics, Meteorology, Rhetoric, ''
Tafsir Tafsir ( ; ) refers to an exegesis, or commentary, of the Quran. An author of a ''tafsir'' is a ' (; plural: ). A Quranic ''tafsir'' attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding ...
'', ''Usūl al-Dīn'' and '' Usul al-Fiqh''. One of his works, called ''Talkhīṣ ʿamal al-ḥisāb'' () (Summary of arithmetical operations), includes topics such as fractions and sums of squares and cubes. Another, called ''Tanbīh al-Albāb'',A Djebbar: Mathematics in medieval Maghreb; AMUCHMA-Newsletter 15; Universidade Pedagógico (UP), Maputo (Mozambique), 15.9.1995. covers topics related to: * calculations regarding the drop in irrigation canal levels, * arithmetical explanation of the
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
laws of inheritance * determination of the hour of the Asr prayer, * explanation of frauds linked to instruments of measurement, * enumeration of delayed prayers which have to be said in a precise order, and * calculation of legal tax in the case of a delayed payment He also wrote an introduction to
Euclid's Elements The ''Elements'' ( ) is a mathematics, mathematical treatise written 300 BC by the Ancient Greek mathematics, Ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. ''Elements'' is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics. Drawing on the w ...
. He also wrote ''Rafʿ al-Ḥijāb 'an Wujuh A'mal al-Hisab'' (Lifting the Veil from Faces of the Workings of Calculations) which covered topics such as computing square roots of a number and the theory of simple continued fractions.


See also

* Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi


References


Sources

* * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn Banna 1256 births 1321 deaths 13th-century astronomers 13th-century mathematicians 13th-century Moroccan people 13th-century Moroccan writers 14th-century astronomers 14th-century mathematicians 14th-century Moroccan writers Medieval Moroccan astronomers Medieval Moroccan mathematicians Algebraists Medieval geometers People from Marrakesh Mathematicians who worked on Islamic inheritance Scientists who worked on qibla determination