Ibn 'Ulayya
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Abu Bishr Isma'il ibn Ibrahim ibn Muqsim ( ;729 809 CE), commonly known as Ibn 'Ulayya (), was a
hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...
scholar, faqih and a
mufti A mufti (; , ) is an Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion ('' fatwa'') on a point of Islamic law (''sharia''). The act of issuing fatwas is called ''iftāʾ''. Muftis and their ''fatāwa'' have played an important role thro ...
from
Basra Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq bor ...
. During the reign of
Harun ar-Rashid Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad ar-Rāshīd (), or simply Hārūn ibn al-Mahdī (; or 766 – 24 March 809), famously known as Hārūn al-Rāshīd (), was the fifth Abbasid caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from September 786 until ...
, he was tax collector and later judge in Basra, where he died in 193 H (809 AD). Bilgrami, Fatima Razia (1988). ''The Educational System and its Development in the Muslim World during the 7th and 8th Centuries .D.' p. 382–383
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Muslim University is a Collegiate university, collegiate, Central university (India), central, and Research university, research university located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Kh ...
.


Background

Ibn Ulayya belonged to a family of
scholars A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal ...
, all of whom were known as Ibn Ulayya. His grandfather, Muqsim, was a Zutt from the Kingdom of Kaikan in what is
Balochistan Balochistan ( ; , ), also spelled as Baluchistan or Baluchestan, is a historical region in West and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. This arid region o ...
, and was a
mawali ''Mawlā'' (, plural ''mawālī'' ), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.A.J. Wensinck, Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Mawlā", vol. 6, p. 874. Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the te ...
of Abdur Rehman ibn Qutba al-Asdi. His father, Ibrahim ibn Muqsim, was a merchant in Kufa. He had married Ulayya bint Hasan, who was a wise and learned lady from Basra. Due to her piety, her descendants came to be known by her name. Ibn Ulayya was born to Ibrahim in 110 H (729 AD).


Career

One of the most eminent Basran scholars, Ibn Ulayya was hailed by every traditionist who knew him. His pupil included such prominent scholars as
al-Shafi'i Al-Shafi'i (; ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the principles ...
, Shu'ba Ibn al-Ḥajjāj,
Yahya ibn Ma'in Yahya ibn Ma'in (; 774-847) was a classical Islamic scholar in the field of hadith. He was a close friend of Ahmad ibn Hanbal for much of his life. Ibn Ma'in is known to have spent all of his inheritance on seeking hadith to the extent he becam ...
and
Ali ibn al-Madini Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbdillāh ibn Jaʻfar al-Madīnī (778 CE/161 AH – 849/234) () was a ninth-century Sunni Islamic scholar who was influential in the science of hadith. Alongside Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Abi Shaybah and Yahya ibn Ma' ...
. Imam
Ahmad ibn Hanbal Ahmad ibn Hanbal (; (164-241 AH; 780 – 855 CE) was an Arab Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, traditionist, ascetic and eponym of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam. T ...
too attended his lectures during last ten years of his life, whenever Ibn Hunbal was in Baghdad. However, Ibn Ulayya was one of the theologians (''ashāb al-ra'y'') instead of the traditionists (''ashāb al-sunna''), and he is reported to have expressed negative views about the traditionists. His son, Ibrahim ibn Ulayya (died 833), was also a famous scholar. He eventually settled in Egypt, where his ideas remained prominent throughout 9th century. Although Ibrahim ibn Ulayya was a rationalist, he did not display any clear relation with then dominant Mu'tazalite thought. He held the view that Qur'an was created and is considered one of the earliest proponents of the theory of consent (known as
ijma Ijma (, ) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Islamic community on a point of Islamic law. Sunni Muslims regard it as one of the secondary sources of Sharia law, after the Qur'an, and the Sunnah. Exactly what group s ...
) in Islam.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn Ulayya Hadith scholars Sunni imams Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam 8th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Sunni fiqh scholars People from Baghdad 729 births 809 deaths