![Heinrich XIII](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Heinrich_XIII._%28Bayern%29.png)
Henry XIII (19 November 1235 – 3 February 1290 in
Burghausen), member of the
Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate ...
dynasty, was
Duke of Lower Bavaria
The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings, partitioned and reunited, under several dynasties. Since 1949, Bavaria has been a democratic state in the Federal Republic of Germa ...
.
Family
He was the younger son of
Otto II
Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Ita ...
and
Agnes of Brunswick.
Biography
In 1254, he succeeded his father together with his brother
Louis II in
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
and the
Palatinate.
The brothers divided their land in 1255 against the law. Henry received
Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria (german: Niederbayern, Bavarian: ''Niedabayern'') is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.
Geography
Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions () – Landshut and Donau- ...
and Louis
Upper Bavaria
Upper Bavaria (german: Oberbayern, ; ) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany.
Geography
Upper Bavaria is located in the southern portion of Bavaria, and is centered on the city of Munich, both state capital and seat o ...
and the
Palatinate. It was the first of many divisions of the
duchy. Henry resided in
Landshut and, in 1255, the work for the main castle of
Burghausen Castle
Burghausen Castle in Burghausen, Upper Bavaria, is the longest castle complex in the world (1051 m), confirmed by the Guinness World Record company.
History
The castle hill was settled as early as the Bronze Age. The castle (which was foun ...
was begun.
As the division of the duchy was against the law, it caused anger of the Bishops in Bavaria who allied with
Ottokar II of Bohemia
Ottokar II ( cs, Přemysl Otakar II.; , in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his dea ...
in 1257. In August 1257, Ottokar invaded Bavaria, but Henry and Louis managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of both brothers who often argued. Henry was also later several times at war against the
Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Bishop of
Passau. During the conflict of King
Rudolph I of Germany with Ottokar II, Duke Henry repeatedly changed allegiance.
During Duke Henry's reign, the Bavarian Peace Ordinances were put into place in his domains, stating, "Anyone out of doors at night without a lantern is violating the peace and is suspect of crime." The ordinances extend further for the city of Landshut that anyone carrying a sword or dagger by day or night was liable to heavy penalties.
[Arnold 2004, pp. 123]
Henry XIII was succeeded by his oldest son
Otto III, who also became King of Hungary. Henry's branch died out in 1340 and was inherited by Louis' son Emperor
Louis IV.
Marriage and children
In 1250, Henry married
Elizabeth of Hungary
Elizabeth of Hungary (german: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, hu, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, sk, Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia, or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, ...
. She was a daughter of
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his fath ...
and
Maria Laskarina
Maria Laskarina (c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a Greek Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Béla IV of Hungary. She was the daughter of Theodore I Laskaris and Anna Komnena Angelina.
Life
She was a younger sister of Irene Lascar ...
. The couple were married for twenty-one years and had ten children:
* Agnes (January 1254 – 20 October 1315). Joined the
Cistercian Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun.
* Agnes (17 July 1255 – 10 May 1260). She shared her name with her older sister.
* Agnes (29 October 1256 – 16 November 1260). She shared her name with her two older sisters.
* Elizabeth (23 April 1258 – 8 August 1314). Joined the Cistercian Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun.
*
Otto III, Duke of Bavaria
Otto III (11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the Duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 to 1312 and the King of Hungary and Croatia between 1305 and 1307. His reign in Hungary was disputed by Charles Rober ...
(11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312).
* Henry (23 February 1262 – 16 September 1280).
* Sophie (c. 1264 – 4 February 1282). Married
Poppo VIII, Count of Henneberg Poppo can mean:
* Bubo, Duke of the Frisians, also spelled Poppo (674–734), a king of Friesland
* Poppo of Grapfeld (died 839/41), an early ninth-century ancestor of the Babenbergs
* Poppo, Duke of Thuringia (died after 906), a margrave
* Pop ...
.
* Catherine (9 June 1267 – 9 January 1310). Married
Frederick Tuta
Frederick Tuta (1269 – 16 August 1291), a member of the House of Wettin, was Margrave of Landsberg from 1285 and Margrave of Lusatia from 1288 until his death. He also served as regent of the Margraviate of Meissen.
The origin and meanin ...
,
Margrave of Meissen
This article lists the margraves of Meissen, a march and territorial state on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.
History
King Henry the Fowler, on his 928-29 campaign against the Slavic Glomacze tribes, had a fortress erected on a ...
.
*
Louis III, Duke of Bavaria Louis III. (February 9, 1269 – May 13, 1296Foundation for Medieval Genealog/ref>) was duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 until 1296 as co-regent with his brothers Otto III and Stephen I.
Biography
Louis was born in Landshut, the son of Henr ...
(9 October 1269 – 9 October 1296).
*
Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria
Stephen I. (March 14, 1271 – December 10, 1310) was duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 until 1310 as co-regnant of his older brothers Otto III († 1312) and Louis III († 1296).
Biography
Stephen was born in Landshut, the son of Henry XIII, Du ...
(14 March 1271 – 10 December 1310).
References
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria
1235 births
1290 deaths
13th-century dukes of Bavaria
House of Wittelsbach