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Heinrich Bollandt (1577/78,
Heinrich Bollandt (1577/78, Thuringia
Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million.
Erfurt is the capital and larg ...
- 19 August 1653, Bayreuth
Bayreuth (, ; bar, Bareid) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtelgebirge Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of U ...
) was a court painter
A court painter was an artist who painted for the members of a royal or princely family, sometimes on a fixed salary and on an exclusive basis where the artist was not supposed to undertake other work. Painters were the most common, but the cour ...
to Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (30 January 1581 in Cölln – 30 May 1655 in Bayreuth) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (later renamed ''Brandenburg-Bayreuth'').
He was the eldest ...
; one of the first artists of what would come to be known as the "Brandenburg Renaissance". Most of his works were portraits.
Biography
His youth was spent in Thuringia and he most likely took his first art lessons from the court painter, Johann Spenlin of Weimar and Dresden. When Spenlin died in 1609, Bollandt married his widow and developed a partnership with an artist named Johann Jeremias Erhard, who worked with him on numerous paintings. Around 1615, he and Erhard moved to thePrincipality of Bayreuth
The Principality of Bayreuth (german: Fürstentum Bayreuth) or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (''Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth'') was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dyna ...
together and, the following year, Erhard married one of Bollandt's step-daughters.
Here, he began the most productive period of his career as an official painter to the court of Margrave Christian. In fact, most of his surviving works date from this period. By 1623, he was receiving an annual salary of 230 Gulden.Kiel: ''Bollandt'' 2016 After 1619, his compensation for individual works is also largely on record.
His wife died in 1625, and was buried in Bayreuth.
Although the Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
had begun in 1618, he was able to remain in Bayreuth until around 1635, when he fled to Lübeck
Lübeck (; Low German also ), officially the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (german: Hansestadt Lübeck), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 217,000 inhabitants, Lübeck is the second-largest city on the German Baltic coast and in the stat ...
, where he was granted a permit from the Painter's Guild
The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city guild for painters and other artists in early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries. They were named in honor of the Evangelist Luke, the patron saint of artists, who was ident ...
to be a "", with the condition that he paint only portraits. He remained there for ten years, living with an apprentice, Michael Conrad Hirt, who married Bollandt's daughter, Anna Maria, in 1638.
After the war ended, he returned to Bayreuth, where he died and was buried.
References
Sources
* Rainer-Maria Kiel: ''Der Bayreuther Hofmaler Heinrich Bollandt 1578–1653''. In: ''Archiv fürOberfranken
Upper Franconia (german: Oberfranken) is a ''Regierungsbezirk'' (administrative 'Regierungs''region 'bezirk'' of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle F ...
'' Vol. 96, 2016. (Historischer Verein für Oberfranken) ISSN 0066-6335, Pgs. 131–164
* Werner Schade: ''Bolland als Nachbildner Cranachs''. In: ''Cranach und die Kunst der Renaissance unter den Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern (, also , german: Haus Hohenzollern, , ro, Casa de Hohenzollern) is a German royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenb ...
. Kirche, Hof und Stadtkultur'' (Ausstellungskatalog mit Bildern u. a. Heinrich Bollands). Deutscher Kunstverlag
The Deutscher Kunstverlag (DKV) is an educational publishing house with offices in Berlin and Munich. The publisher specializes in books about art, cultural history, architecture, and historic preservation.
History
Deutscher Kunstverlag was fo ...
, Berlin 2009, Pgs. 81–85
External links
* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Bollandt, Heinrich 1570s births 1653 deaths German painters German portrait painters