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The Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte de Troyes was a
It is the largest of the city's five hôtels-Dieu and one of only two surviving buildings, along with the hospice Saint-Nicolas de Troyes. It has its own possessions, such as the mills at Trévois, the tannery, the oven and the barn at Croncels. It has been under the king's authority since 1284 and has two responsibilities: to welcome pilgrims and, if it did not receive lepers, the blind, one-armed people and other cripples, foundlings because they could not be cured, and women after they had given birth until they could be raised. In the 16th century, the facility was extended to all populations, and remained a medical center until 1988.
File:Troyes (10) Hôtel-Dieu 02.JPG, Detail of the gate
File:Troyes (10) Hôtel-Dieu 05.JPG, The chapel
File:Troyes (10) Hôtel-Dieu 06.JPG, Its sundial
File:Hotel Dieu 03218 salon.JPG, Living room
Since 1992, part of the historic buildings have housed the classrooms and university library of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne.
File:Salle Cité du vitrail 1507683.jpg, A hall of the Cité du Vitrail
File:Arbre de Jessé Laines au bois 08564.JPG, Jesse Tree at Laines-aux-Bois
File:Rondel avec la figure de Saint Claude.jpg, Roundel
File:Entrée d'Henri IV à Paris.jpg, Entry of Henry IV to Paris from the Hotel de l'Arquebuse
File:Hérod et ses conseillers 08537 abb St-Denis 1140.JPG, Herod and his advisors.
File:Albarello 08368 verrerie.jpg, Box, bottle for ingredients
File:Salle apothicairierie 08367.JPG, Apothecary room
File:Fontaine à thiéraque 08364.jpg, Theriac fountain
File:Mortier Claude Benard 08399.JPG, Mortar
It is organized into three rooms:
* The apothecary, where ingredients for making remedies are stored. Shelved here are 319 painted boxes (silenes) with 18th-century decoration, as well as numerous
File:Buste 08505 jules Hervey.jpg, Bust of Jules Hervey
File:Buffet apothicairerie 08515.jpg, Buffet
File:Châsse 1520 Barthélémy 08490.JPG, Shrine from 1520 of Saint Bartholomew
File:08443Palerme XVIII.JPG, From Palermo, 18th century
File:Cuirasses de Marmesse 76593.jpg, Cuirasses of Marmesse
File:Bracelet prince lavau 76661.jpg, Bracelet of the Prince of Lavau
File:Bague ors 76535.jpg, Gold ring from Barbuise
File:Ébauche de hache Villemaure 76425.jpg, Draft of Villemaure axes
* The 2020 exhibition titled "Troyes 1420: A King for Two Crowns" focuses on the
hôtel-Dieu In French-speaking countries, a hôtel-Dieu () was originally a hospital for the poor and needy, run by the Catholic Church. Nowadays these buildings or institutions have either kept their function as a hospital, the one in Paris being the oldest an ...
in Troyes
Troyes () is a Communes of France, commune and the capital of the Departments of France, department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within ...
, France, now home to the Musée de l'Apothicairerie and the Cité du Vitrail de Troyes. Part of the building is also used by the Troyes University Center, part of the University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne.
The U-shaped building is built between courtyard and garden. Two additions on the west wing house the chapel and apothecary. The courtyard is enclosed by a monumental wrought-iron gate.
It is known as Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte or Maison-Dieu-Saint-Étienne.
History
The hôtel-Dieu was founded in the 11th century by Count Henry the Liberal of Champagne, and held by the Augustinian order with assets such as a mill in 1174. It is part of the same foundation as the collegiate church of Saint-Étienne de Troyes and was under the same name of Domus Dei B. Stephani. Stephani. It was part of the palace complex of thecounts of Champagne
The count of Champagne was the ruler of the County of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne evolved from the County of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I of Champagne, Hugh I was the first to officially use the title count of Champagn ...
, which included the palace, the collegiate church and the Hôtel-Dieu.
It is the largest of the city's five hôtels-Dieu and one of only two surviving buildings, along with the hospice Saint-Nicolas de Troyes. It has its own possessions, such as the mills at Trévois, the tannery, the oven and the barn at Croncels. It has been under the king's authority since 1284 and has two responsibilities: to welcome pilgrims and, if it did not receive lepers, the blind, one-armed people and other cripples, foundlings because they could not be cured, and women after they had given birth until they could be raised. In the 16th century, the facility was extended to all populations, and remained a medical center until 1988.
Buildings
Enlarged in 1270 by a donation from Renaud de Bar-le-Duc, the church had its own chapel and cemetery. The two-level chapel was dedicated to Sainte-Marguerite, where the dead were laid to rest below, and to Saint-Barthélemy in the upper chapel. The hôtel-Dieu was enlarged in 1482 and 1494, and its façade on rue de la Cité was rectified in 1631. It was rebuilt between 1701 and 1764 to its current configuration. The gate was designed by Pierre Delphin at the request of Troyes bishop François Bouthillier and Troyes mayors Louis de Mauroy and Jacques Berthelin. The chapel stands on the site of the former Girouarde gateway to the cityvia Agrippa
''Via Agrippa'', is any stretch of the network of Roman roads in Gaul that was built in the last century BCE by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, to whom Augustus, Octavian entrusted the reorganization of the Gauls. In all, the Romans built of roads in ...
.
The hôtel-Dieu was listed as a historic monument in 1889 (the gate) and 1964 (the facades and roofs of the buildings).
Staff
Run by the Augustinian order, it had separate rooms and staff for men and women, as was customary at the time. The master was appointed and dismissed by the count, and was assisted by two or three canons of St. Stephen's chapter and its dean. For the accounts, he was assisted by one or more of the town's burghers, his brother procurator and the count's chaplain. By the 16th century, this service had been extended to all, and the average number of patients was around forty. They were cared for by brothers and sisters, barbers and surgeons. In 1721, there were thirty beds for men and the same number for women, a number which rose to thirty-four double beds and two single beds for women, and forty double beds and six single beds for men in 1820.Current uses
University of Champagne-Ardenne
Since 1992, part of the historic buildings have housed the classrooms and university library of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne.
Cité du Vitrail
Since June 29, 2013, the restored outbuildings of this hôtel-Dieu have housed a stained glass conservatory known as the Cité du Vitrail. The Aube department lays claim to the title of "European capital of stained glass", with a significant heritage of listed stained glass windows, representing almost 9, 000 m2 of stained glass from the 11th to the 21st century, in nearly 400 churches and monuments. This space closed its doors in December 2018 to allow work to develop on the entire site and open the "big" Cité du Vitrail at the end of 2022. The new spaces, located in the west wing of the Hôtel-Dieu-le-Comte and its chapel, will offer 3,000m2 of exhibition space, a resource center, a study center, a bookshop-boutique and a conference room.Apothecary's Museum
Housed in the former 18th-century apothecary, the museum's collection features objects from the hôtel-Dieu, the oldest of which date back to the 16th century. Since 2023, it has been part of the new Cité du Vitrail.earthenware
Earthenware is glazed or unglazed Vitrification#Ceramics, nonvitreous pottery that has normally been fired below . Basic earthenware, often called terracotta, absorbs liquids such as water. However, earthenware can be made impervious to liquids ...
and glass containers. These include albarelles, pestles, glass flasks, etc.
* The vaulted room, once used as a laboratory. Showcases are devoted to the history of medicine and pharmacopoeia.
* A third room contains the collection of objects from the hôtel-Dieu, including several shrines and a crosier.
The museum was founded in 1976 and was located near the cathedral. It also houses the Jean-Marie Denis collection.
Since Monday May 21, 2018, and for an extended period, the apothecary of the Hôtel Dieu-le-Comte has been closed. This closure is linked to the renovation works on the west wing of the building, which is to house the future Cité du Vitrail (a project supported by the Aube department).
Temporary exhibitions
The hôtel-Dieu now houses three temporary exhibition rooms organized by the Conseil Départemental de l'Aube. * From the end of 2018, they hosted the ArkéAube temporary exhibition, which featured objects from the Moutot funerary complex in Lavau. This exhibition closed on September 30, 2019.Treaty of Troyes
The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that King Henry V of England and his heirs would inherit the French throne upon the death of King Charles VI of France. It was formally signed in the French city of Troyes on 21 May 1420 in the aftermath of ...
, ratified on May 21, 1420, in Troyes.
References
Bibliography
* * {{Portal, Museums Museums in Troyes History of medicine in France Hospices Defunct medical and health organizations Monuments historiques of Aube History of Troyes