Hà Đông, Hanoi

Hà Đông a̤ː˨˩:ɗəwŋ˧˧is a ward of Hà Nội, the capital city, in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam.

History

Its name Hà Đông (河東) means "the East of the River", which refers to the Nhuệ River, that is ''Kẻ Noi'' or ''Nhuệ Giang'' in Vietnamese. Earlier French administrative documents all recorded it as Ha-dông or sometimes Hà-đông.

Middle Ages

The modern site of Hà Đông Ward dates back to the pre- XX century period when it belonged to a semi-official administrative unit called Cầu Đa Hamlet (多橋村, xóm Cầu Đa), or colloquially known as Đơ Village (làng Đơ). This name is believed to have existed since at least the early XV century. The remaining traces of it today are three sites called Đa Lộc, Đa Phúc and Vạn Phúc, where are old villages. These names all reflect the local traditional silk weaving craft.

Before the Government of French Indochina carried out the first administrative reforms in Ton-Kin, Đơ Village was already part of Thượng Thanh Oai canton, Thanh Oai rural district, Ứng Hòa prefecture, Hà Nội province. According to the description of French geographical surveyors, this hamlet was located on the right bank of the Nhuệ River, its only feature being a tiled bridge over the river, which signified the prosperity of the locality.

The capital of Hà Nội province was transferred to Cầu Đơ Village (làng Cầu Đơ) according to a Decree signed by the provisional governor-general Augustin Juline Fourès on December 26, 1886. By May 1902, Hà Nội had been further renamed Cầu Đơ province. However, on December 1, 1904, Cầu Đơ province was renamed again as Hà Đông province, at the same time, Cầu Đơ Village was no longer the provincial capital. From then until 1945, Cầu Đơ Village remained just a suburb of Hà Đông town, which was the capital of Hà Đông province.

XX century

Soon after the Provisional Government of the State of Vietnam took over the Northern Vietnam from the French military government of Indochina in 1948, Cầu Đơ Village was formally incorporated into Hà Đông town, but its level remained the same as Cầu Đơ Hamlet (thôn Cầu Đơ). After that, in July 1949, Cầu Đơ Hamlet merged with three other hamlets La Khê, Văn Phú and Văn La to form Văn Khê Commune (xã Văn Khê). However, in April 1955, Cầu Đơ was separated from Văn Khê to merge with Hà Trì hamlet of Kiến Hưng commune to form Hà Cầu Commune (xã Hà Cầu), belonging to Hà Đông town, according to a Decision by the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

XXI century

On September 23, 2003, Hà Cầu became Hà Cầu Ward (phường Hà Cầu) of expanded Hà Đông town, which was later upgraded to Hà Đông City (thành phố Hà Đông), the capital of Hà Tây province, on December 27, 2006. The former Hà Tây provincial authority initiated a project to plan the entire area of Hà Cầu Ward into the New Administrative Centre area of the whole province, while the old center was ceded to the city-level authority.

On August 1, 2008, the Government of Vietnam made a historic move, that is, merging Hà Nội city with the entire Hà Tây province and small parts of provinces Vĩnh Phúc and Hòa Bình to form the expanded Hanoi capital city. On May 8, 2009, the Central Government continued to issue a Resolution to merge Hà Đông City into the urban area of Hanoi as Hà Đông Urban District (quận Hà Đông), because there was no law on the specific appatus of a city within an other city yet in Vietnam at this time. The district covered a total area of , what was subdivided 17 wards, including : Biên Giang, Dương Nội, Đồng Mai, Hà Cầu, Kiến Hưng, Mộ Lao, Nguyễn Trãi, Phú La, Phú Lãm, Phú Lương, Phúc La, Quang Trung, Trần Phú, Vạn Phúc, Văn Quán, Yên Nghĩa, Yết Kiêu. As of 2019, there were 397,854 people residing in the district, the third highest of all districts in Hanoi, after Hoàng Mai. The district bordered Thanh Trì, Thanh Xuân, Nam Từ Liêm, Hoài Đức, Quốc Oai, Chương Mỹ, Thanh Oai. By January 1, 2025, two wards Nguyễn Trãi and Yết Kiêu will be merged into Quang Trung ward.

Immediately after the Lunar New Year 2025, the Government of Vietnam has been actively implementing the '' Plan to Arrange and Merge Administrative Units'' at all levels of the central and local authorities. The Hà Nội City People's Committee has directed the Hà Đông Urban-District People's Committee to organize the ''Conference on the Re-arrangement of Commune+Ward-level Administrative Units'' after consulting with the people, whom were required to have permanent residence in the district. The conference held on April 19, 2025, reached consensus on two important Resolutions :
*Hà Đông Urban District has been officially dissolved as an administrative unit along with its related agencies.
*In the area of former district, 5 new wards were formed based on the merger of 15 old wards, including Dương Nội, Hà Đông, Kiến Hưng, Phú Lương, Yên Nghĩa.
According to that Decision, Hà Đông Ward (phường Hà Đông) is in fact a restoration of the administrative and geographical features of former Cầu Đơ Village. Specifically, it includes : The entire area and population of two wards Phúc La and Vạn Phúc ; big parts of five wards La Khê, Hà Cầu, Mộ Lao, Quang Trung, Văn Quán ; small ones of three wards Đại Mỗ (Hà Đông urban district), Trung Văn ( Nam Từ Liêm urban district), Tân Triều ( Thanh Trì rural district). This new administrative unit is part of the policy of inheriting and promoting the cultural and historical values ​​of former Cầu Đơ Village and even Hà Đông Town.Bộ máy nhà nước giảm được bao nhiêu cán bộ sau cuộc cách mạng tinh gọn ?
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Geography

Topography

Hà Đông Ward covers an area of 9,26 km² (with 3,58 sq mi), which is located on the most important North–South axis of the Hanoi Capital Area.

Demography

According to statistics of the Hà Đông Ward People's Committee in 2025, its total population reached 90,284, not counting those who did not declare permanent residence.

Climate

Culture

Hà Đông has a signifianct number of monuments, landmarks, relics, traditional festivals and craft villages. It is an important transport hub and is also home to various government offices and universities.

See also

* Dương Nội
* Kiến Hưng
* Phú Lương
* Yên Nghĩa

Notes and references

Notes

References

Further reading

Bibliography

*George Coedes. ''The Making of South East Asia'', 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1983.
* Trần Ngọc Thêm. ''Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam'' (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by Nhà xuất bản Đại học Tổng hợp TPHCM. Saigon, Vietnam, 1995.
* Trần Quốc Vượng, Tô Ngọc Thanh, Nguyễn Chí Bền, Lâm Mỹ Dung, Trần Thúy Anh.
Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam
' (The Basis of Vietnamese Culture), 292 pages. Re-publishing by Nhà xuất bản Giáo Dục Việt Nam & Quảng Nam Printing Co-Ltd. Hanoi, Vietnam, 2006.
* Li Tana (2011). ''Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf''. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022.
*''Tập bản đồ hành chính Việt Nam'' (Vietnamese Administrative Maps), Nhà xuất bản Tài nguyên – Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 2013.
* Li Tana,
Towards an environmental history of the Eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400
', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014.
* Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). ''Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin''. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.
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External links

Details of population size and area of five expected wards after re-arrangement in Hà Đông

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ha Dong

Populated places in Hanoi
Former cities of Vietnam