Hristifor Račanin
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Hristifor Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Христофор Рачанин; c. 1595 – 1670) was a Serbian scribe working on ornately decorated manuscripts. He is best known for ''Psaltir s posledovanjem'', written in 1645. He was the abbot of the
Rača monastery Rača may refer to: Bosnia and Herzegovina * Rača, Vlasenica, a village near Vlasenica Croatia * Nova Rača, a village and municipality near Bjelovar North Macedonia * Rača, Ohrid Serbia * Rača, Serbia, a town and municipality in ...
on the
Drina The Drina ( sr-Cyrl, Дрина, ) is a long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Al ...
River. The Museum of the
Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodox Church#Constit ...
is in possession of a small number of ornately decorated (illuminated) manuscripts by unknown scribes, though a few have been identified, namely Priest-Monk Hristifor Račanin. His name has been preserved in the manuscripts in the Museum collection. Born in the 1670s, Hristifor would soon enter the monastery seeking knowledge. A Serbian monastery in the eighteenth century was considered the bastion of learning. In fact, the Eastern Orthodox Church was a manifestation of knowledge and learning at a time when a torrent of Turkish invaders swept the Balkans. Hristifor nowadays scarcely earns a mention by historians of literature. In his day, however, he was much read in
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
and
Imperial Russia Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor/empress, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * ...
. In 1688 during the Austro-Turkish wars, when the ousted Turks were recovering and advancing toward Rača Monastery, near the Drina River, the abbot called for a general evacuation. Hristifor and other monks packed up and left to join their compatriots in northern Serbia. Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria led the capture of Belgrade in 1688 from the Ottomans, with the full support of Serbian insurgents under the command of
Jovan Monasterlija Jovan Monasterlija ( sr-cyr, Јован Монастерлија; fl. 1683–1706) was a Serbian ''vice-voivode'' (podvojvoda) and Austrian (Holy Roman Empire) imperial officer that led a Serbian Militia against the Ottoman Empire and other enemie ...
. Literary critic
Jovan Skerlić Jovan Skerlić (, ; 20 August 1877 – 15 May 1914) was a Serbian writer and literary critic.''Jovan Skerlić u srpskoj književnosti 1877–1977: Zbornik radova''. Posebna izdanja, Institut za knjizevnost i umetnost, Belgrade. He is seen as o ...
gives credit to Kiprijan Račanin,
Jerotej Račanin Jerotej Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Јеротеј Рачанин; c. 1650 – after 1727) was a Serbians, Serbian writer and transcriber of church manuscripts and books. After visiting Jerusalem in 1704, he wrote a book about his travel experiences from H ...
, Ćirjak Račanin,
Grigorije Račanin Grigorije Račanin (Serbian: Григорије Рачанин; Bajina Bašta, Serbia, after 1668 - Szentendre, Habsburg monarchy, after 1739) was a Serbian monk and writer. He is best remembered for his travelogue on rafting in the Balkans in 17 ...
, Simeon Račanin,
Teodor Račanin Teodor Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Теодор Рачанин; 1500 – 1560) was a writer and Serbian Orthodox monk of the Račan Scriptorium School mentioned in Ottoman sources of 16th century literature. Biography Monk-scribe Teodor Račanin was give ...
,
Gavril Stefanović Venclović Gavril is a variant of the name Gabriel, may refer to: * Gavril Atanasov, Macedonian icon painter from Berovo in the 19th century * Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni (1746–1821), Romanian clergyman who served as Metropolitan of Moldavia * Gavril Balint (b ...
(also called Račanin) and Hristifor Račanin for keeping Serbian literature alive after Serbia's occupation by the Turks. In 1668, he transcribed
Teodosije Teodosije ( sr-cyr, Теодосије) is a Serbian variant of the Greek name ''Theodosius'', and may refer to: * Teodosije Hilandarac (1246-1328), cleric and writer * Teodosije, Metropolitan of Zeta (before 1446) * Teodosije, Bishop of Vršac ...
's Service to St.
Petar of Koriša Petar (, sr-Cyrl, Петар) is a South Slavic masculine given name, their variant of the Biblical name Petros cognate to Peter. Derivative forms include Pero, Pejo, Pera, Perica, Petrica, Periša. Feminine equivalent is Petra. People mo ...
now preserved in its entirety in the Collection of Baltazar Bogišić at
Cavtat Cavtat (, ) is a village in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia. It is on the Adriatic Sea coast south of Dubrovnik and is the centre and the main settlement of Konavle municipality. History Antiquity The original city was founded by the ...
. All this led up to the
Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years (), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (1684), Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lith ...
where Serbian volunteers joined the Austrian army in the thousands to defeat the Turks from invading Europe. Yet, both the Ottoman and Austrian empires, lorded over Serbian lands until 1912 when the Turks were finally removed from the
Balkan Peninsula The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throug ...
and 1918 with the disintegration of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...
.


See also

* Čirjak Račanin (1660–1731), Serbian Orthodox monk and writer * Kiprijan Račanin (1650–1730), Serbian Orthodox monk and writer *
Jerotej Račanin Jerotej Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Јеротеј Рачанин; c. 1650 – after 1727) was a Serbians, Serbian writer and transcriber of church manuscripts and books. After visiting Jerusalem in 1704, he wrote a book about his travel experiences from H ...
(1650–1727), Serbian Orthodox monk and writer *
Teodor Račanin Teodor Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Теодор Рачанин; 1500 – 1560) was a writer and Serbian Orthodox monk of the Račan Scriptorium School mentioned in Ottoman sources of 16th century literature. Biography Monk-scribe Teodor Račanin was give ...
(1500–1560), Serbian Orthodox monk and writer * Simeon Račanin ( 1676–1700), Serbian Orthodox monk and writer *
Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović Gavrilo "Gavril" Stefanović Venclović ( sr-Cyrl, Гаврилo Стефановић Венцловић ; fl. 1680–1749) was a priest, writer, poet, orator, philosopher, neologist, polyglot, and illuminator. He was one of the first and mos ...
, Kiprijan's student. *
Grigorije Račanin Grigorije Račanin (Serbian: Григорије Рачанин; Bajina Bašta, Serbia, after 1668 - Szentendre, Habsburg monarchy, after 1739) was a Serbian monk and writer. He is best remembered for his travelogue on rafting in the Balkans in 17 ...
* Jefrem Janković Tetovac *
Prohor Račanin Prohor Račanin ( sr-Cyrl, Прохор Рачанин; c. 1617 – 1678) was a monk-scribe and member of the School of Rača, a scriptorium in Bajina Bašta that was ransacked by the Turks. Most of the monks eventually moved from Serbia to Szente ...


References


Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Hristifor Račanin 17th-century Serbian writers Serbian abbots Serbian writers 17th-century Serbian artists