Horgoš (; ) is a village located in the municipality of

Kanjiža Kanjiža ( sr-Cyrl, Кањижа, pronounced ) formerly Stara Kanjiža ( sr-cyrl, Стара Кањижа; ; , formerly ''Kanizsa'') is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Kan ...

North Banat District The North Banat District (, ) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical regions of Banat and Bačka. According to the 2022 census, the North Banat District has a population of 117,896 inhabitants. The administra ...

Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...

, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 5,709 inhabitants. A border crossing between Serbia and Hungary is located in the village.

History

The village is mentioned in documents already in the 11th century, as part of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

. In the 13th century, the area was populated by

Cumans The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cumania, Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Ru ...

, who were guaranteed a certain degree of autonomy by Béla VI of Hungary. In 1542 the region was conquered by the forces of

Suleiman the Magnificent Suleiman I (; , ; 6 November 14946 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the Western world and as Suleiman the Lawgiver () in his own realm, was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan between 1520 a ...

, Sultan of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. After the Polish-Ottoman War (1683–1699), it was conquered by the

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...

Empire and later became a part of

Austro-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

. Between the two World Wars it was a part of

Yugoslavia , common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p ...

. In April 1941

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

troops invaded Yugoslavia, and short later Germany handed the area to

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

. In 1945 it was again a part of Yugoslavia. After the dismantling of Yugoslavia it was incorporated into the territory of Serbia.

Jewish community

First documents on Jewish residents of Horgos date back to the 19th century. 87 Jews were counted in Horgos in 1877 and only 53 by the break of the Second World War. After the Hungarian occupation of the village in 1941, Jews were brutally persecuted, and after the German invasion in 1944 were deported to

Nazi concentration camps From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (), including subcamp (SS), subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately af ...

. Only a few survived and returned to the village, but within several years emigrated to

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Famous residents

The village was the seat of the famous Hungarian noble family, the ''Kárász de Horgos et Szentpéter''. The Serbian author Aleksandar Tišma was also born in Horgos to a Serbian father and Hungarian-Jewish mother. Among other noteworthy personalities who were born in Horgos are the astronomer László L. Kiss, the musician Albert Földi, the artists István Fujkin and Miklós Berényi, the actor Lehel Kovács and the computer scientist Josef H. Braun.

Gallery

Image:Horgos légifotó.jpg, Aerial view of border crossing at Horgoš Image:GP Horgos.JPG, Border crossing at Horgoš File:Serbia horgos.jpg, A 1987 passport stamp from Horgoš

References

* Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.

External links