Horacio Guzmán (February 16, 1913 – August 11, 1992) was an

Argentine Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...

lawyer and politician who served as Governor of

Jujuy Province Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south. Geography There are three main areas in Jujuy ...

from 1958 to 1962, and from 1963 to 1964.

Life and times

Horacio Gregorio Guzmán was born in the city of

San Salvador de Jujuy San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near ...

to Margarita Ocampo and Stanislaus Flavio Guzmán, in 1913. He enrolled at the

National University of Córdoba The National University of Córdoba (), is a public university located in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Founded in 1613, the university is the oldest in Argentina, the third oldest university of the Americas, with the first university being ...

, and earned a ''

juris doctor A Juris Doctor, Doctor of Jurisprudence, or Doctor of Law (JD) is a graduate-entry professional degree that primarily prepares individuals to practice law. In the United States and the Philippines, it is the only qualifying law degree. Other j ...

'' in 1939. He joined the centrist

Radical Civic Union The Radical Civic Union (, UCR) is a major political party in Argentina. It has reached the national government on ten occasions, making it one of the most historically important parties in the country. Ideologically, the party has stood for r ...

(UCR), which at the time struggled under the system of " patriotic fraud" that kept the conservative Concordance government in power, as a member of their youth chapter, and in 1940, was elected to the Provincial Legislature. Jujuy en Línea: Horacio Gregorio Guzmán
Following the 1955 overthrow of populist President

Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine military officer and Statesman (politician), statesman who served as the History of Argentina (1946-1955), 29th president of Argentina from 1946 to Revolución Libertad ...

, Guzmán was named Director of the Provincial Social Security Fund, and he became head of the Jujuy UCR. The schism in the UCR following its 1956 convention led Guzmán to join the more progressive,

UCRI The Intransigent Radical Civic Union (, UCRI) was a political party of Argentina. The UCRI developed from the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) in 1956, following a split at the party's convention in Tucumán between the UCR's progressive factio ...

, however, which defeated the rival UCRP in the February 1958 general election. Guzmán ran for and won the governor's post in Jujuy by a wide margin, and he promptly adopted the developmentalist policies advanced by the UCRI standard-bearer, President-elect

Arturo Frondizi Arturo Frondizi Ércoli (Paso de los Libres, October 28, 1908 – Buenos Aires, April 18, 1995) was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, teacher, statesman, and politician. He was elected president of Argentina and governed from May ...

. His administration initiated a number of significant

public works Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings ( municipal buildings, ...

in Jujuy, long among Argentina's least-developed provinces. Some of the most important include the El Cadillal International Airport, a comprehensive housing plan, numerous clinics, the Children's and Neuropsychiatric Hospitals, provincial roads network, the International Bridge between

La Quiaca La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy (the provincial capital), and at an altitude ...

and

Villazón Villazón is a town in southern Bolivia, on the border with Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries ...

(

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

), new courts and provincial legislature buildings, the La Quiaca Normal School,

pension A pension (; ) is a fund into which amounts are paid regularly during an individual's working career, and from which periodic payments are made to support the person's retirement from work. A pension may be either a " defined benefit plan", wh ...

s for teachers, and the province's first school of higher learning, the Institute of Economic Sciences (which became the

National University of Jujuy The National University of Jujuy (, UNJU) is an Argentine national university, situated in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, capital of Jujuy Province. Its precursor, the Instituto Superior de Ciencias Económicas (Economic Sciences Institute), ...

in 1973).Volveré Jujuy: Jujuy en los siglos XX y XXI
Guzmán also created incentives for the establishment of private industries, and a number of

paper mill A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt ...

s opened in the province, including one converting sugar cane fibers into

pulp Pulp may refer to: * Pulp (fruit), the inner flesh of fruit * Pulp (band), an English rock band Engineering * Pulp (paper), the fibrous material used to make paper * Dissolving pulp, highly purified cellulose used in fibre and film manufacture ...

; this, in turn, prompted the Ledesma sugar mills (among the most important in Argentina) to modernize their facilities. His policies, as well as his support for the refurbishment of numerous decaying churches in the mountainous province, earned him the appointment in 1960 as Knight Commander of the

Order of St. Gregory the Great The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great (; ) was established on 1 September 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election as Pope. The order is one of the five Papal order of knighthood, orders of knighthood of th ...

by Pope

John XXIII Pope John XXIII (born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death on 3 June 1963. He is the most recent pope to take ...

. Later that year, he also received the Bolivian

Order of the Condor of the Andes The Order of the Condor of the Andes () is a state decoration of the Plurinational State of Bolivia instituted on 12 April 1925. The Order is awarded for exceptional merit, either civil or military, shown by Bolivians or foreign nationals. The ...

for his efforts to improve ties with Argentina's northern neighbor.Biografías de Gobernadores: Horacio Gregorio Guzmán
National politics prevailed, however, when the March 29, 1962, overthrow of President Frondizi led to Guzmán's own removal. He was returned to office by voters in the July 1963 elections; but his second tenure was fraught with political disputes. The legislature, to which a Workers' Party majority was elected with

Peronist Peronism, also known as justicialism, is an Argentine ideology and movement based on the ideas, doctrine and legacy of Juan Perón (1895–1974). It has been an influential movement in 20th- and 21st-century Argentine politics. Since 1946, Pe ...

support, refused to certify Guzmán's victory, and the subsequent gridlock ultimately led President

Arturo Illia Arturo Umberto Illia (; 4 August 1900 – 18 January 1983) was President of Argentina from 1963 until his overthrow in 1966. He was part of the Radical Civic Union, and the People's Radical Civic Union during his presidency. Illia reached the ...

's August 1964 order that Governor Guzmán be removed. Guzmán subsequently founded the Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ), though he would not return to office until January 1982, when the dictatorship of General

Leopoldo Galtieri Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (15 July 1926 12 January 2003) was an Argentine military officer who served as the ''de facto'' President of Argentina from December 1981 to June 1982. Galtieri ruled as a military dictator, military ruler d ...

appointed him governor. He resigned that October, and was elected to the

Argentine Chamber of Deputies The Chamber of Deputies (), officially the Honorable Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, is the lower house of the Argentine National Congress (). It is made up of 257 national deputies who are elected in multi-member constituencies c ...

in 1985. Guzmán was given a

United Nations Medal A United Nations Medal is an international decoration awarded by the United Nations (UN) to the various world countries members for participation in joint international military and police operations such as peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, a ...

for Political Merit in April 1986. He again resigned, in 1987, and ran for the office of Mayor of

, a post he won. Dr. Horacio Guzmán died on August 11, 1992. His daughter, Dr. Cristina Guzmán, served in Congress for the MPJ from 1983 to 1999, and a granddaughter, Monica Arancio, was elected the first female Senator from Jujuy, in 2001.''La Nación'' (2 Dec 2001): El próximo Senado, con perfume de mujer

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guzman, Horacio 1913 births 1992 deaths People from San Salvador de Jujuy Argentine people of Spanish descent National University of Córdoba alumni Governors of Jujuy Province Radical Civic Union politicians Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Jujuy Knights of St. Gregory the Great Mayors of places in Argentina 20th-century Argentine lawyers Lawyers awarded knighthoods