Homology, homologous, homologation or homological may refer to:

Sciences

Biology

Homology (biology) In biology, homology is similarity in anatomical structures or genes between organisms of different taxa due to shared ancestry, ''regardless'' of current functional differences. Evolutionary biology explains homologous structures as retained her ...

, any characteristic of biological organisms that is derived from a common ancestor *

Sequence homology Sequence homology is the homology (biology), biological homology between DNA sequence, DNA, RNA sequence, RNA, or Protein primary structure, protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments ...

, biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences *

Homologous chromosome Homologous chromosomes or homologs are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis. Homologs have the same genes in the same locus (genetics), loci, where they provide points along e ...

s, chromosomes in a biological cell that pair up (synapse) during meiosis *

Homologous recombination Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in Cell (biology), cellular organi ...

, genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between molecules of DNA * Homologous desensitization, a receptor decreases its response to a signalling molecule when that agonist is in high concentration *

Homology modeling Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "''target''" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous pr ...

, a method of protein structure prediction

Chemistry

Homologous series In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series differ by the number of repeating units they contain. This can be the length of ...

, a series of organic compounds having different quantities of a repeated unit * Homologous temperature, the temperature of a material as a fraction of its absolute melting point *

Homologation reaction In organic chemistry, a homologation reaction, also known as homologization, is any chemical reaction that converts the reactant into the next member of the homologous series. A homologous series is a group of compounds that differ by a constant ...

, a chemical reaction which produces the next logical member of a homologous series

Other sciences

Homology (anthropology) This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains. A B C D E F ...

, analogy between human beliefs, practices or artifacts owing to genetic or historical connections *

Homology (psychology) Homology in psychology, as in biology, refers to a relationship between characteristics that reflects the characteristics' origins in either evolution or development. Homologous behaviors can theoretically be of at least two different varieties. A ...

, behavioral characteristics that have common origins in either evolution or development **

Homologous behaviors Homology in psychology, as in biology, refers to a relationship between characteristics that reflects the characteristics' origins in either evolution or development. Homologous behaviors can theoretically be of at least two different varieties. A ...

, behaviors typical of species that share a common ancestor that was characterized by that behavior OR behaviors in an individual that share common origins in development *

Homology (sociology) Homologies are "structural 'resonances'...between the different elements making up a socio-cultural whole." (Middleton 1990, p. 9) Examples include Alan Lomax's cantometrics, which: :Distinguishes ten musical styles, dealing most fully with Eu ...

, a structural resonance between the different elements making up a socio-cultural whole

Mathematics

Homology (mathematics) In mathematics, the term homology, originally introduced in algebraic topology, has three primary, closely-related usages. The most direct usage of the term is to take the ''homology of a chain complex'', resulting in a sequence of Abelian group, ...

, a procedure to associate a sequence of abelian groups or modules with a given mathematical object *

Homological algebra Homological algebra is the branch of mathematics that studies homology (mathematics), homology in a general algebraic setting. It is a relatively young discipline, whose origins can be traced to investigations in combinatorial topology (a precurs ...

, a branch of mathematics

Other uses

Homologation Homologation (Greek language, Greek ''homologeo'', ὁμολογέω, "to agree") is the granting of approval by an official authority. This may be a court of law, a government department, or an academic or professional body, any of which would n ...

, from the ancient Greek "to agree", to indicate the approval of a sanctioning body *

Homologation (motorsport) In motorsport, homologation is a testing and certification process for vehicles, circuits, and related equipment for conformance to technical standards, usually known as type approval in English-language jurisdictions. It confirms conformity to s ...

, the process in motorsports where the sanctioning body approves a racing model for official use *

Homological word An autological word (or homological word) expresses a property that it also possesses. For example, the word "word" is a word, the word "English" is (in) English, the word "writable" is writable, and the word " pentasyllabic" has five syllables ...