The Hilversum culture is a prehistoric
material culture
Material culture is culture manifested by the Artifact (archaeology), physical objects and architecture of a society. The term is primarily used in archaeology and anthropology, but is also of interest to sociology, geography and history. The fie ...
found in middle
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...
in the region of the southern
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
and northern
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
. It has been associated with the
Wessex culture from the same period in southern England, and is one of the material cultures of this part of northwestern continental Europe which has been proposed to have had a "''
Nordwestblock
The Nordwestblock (German language, German, "Northwest Block") is a hypothetical Northwestern European cultural region that some scholars propose as a prehistoric culture in the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, far-northern France, and Northern ...
''" language which was
Indo-European
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...
, but neither
Germanic nor
Celtic
Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to:
Language and ethnicity
*pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia
**Celts (modern)
*Celtic languages
**Proto-Celtic language
*Celtic music
*Celtic nations
Sports Foot ...
.
The culture was bordered to its northeast by the
Elp culture
The Elp culture (c. 1800—800 BCE) is a Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Netherlands having earthenware pottery of low quality known as "Kümmerkeramik" (also "Grobkeramik") as a marker. The initial phase is characteri ...
, to which it may have been related, and to its north by the
Hoogkarspel culture.
The concept of a distinct Hilversum culture started to develop in 1950, with the excavation of grave mounds near the hamlet of and the nearby forest of
Halve Mijl. An urn found there, initially classified as being of the
Deverel–Rimbury type, was found to be older than was expected:
radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for Chronological dating, determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of carbon-14, radiocarbon, a radioactive Isotop ...
pointed to 3450
BP (1770 +/-250 cal BC). This led archeologist to propose a new classification, the
Hilversum
Hilversum () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is ...
type, and the conclusion that later continental Deverel pottery would have "devolved" from this type.
Genetic profile
An individual without funerary context was found in the Krabbeplas artificial lake (Vlaardingen, Zuid-Holland province), he was dated to 1421-1216 cal BCE, his Y-chromosome DNA was R1b-S497 (a derivation from R1b-U106).
Gallery
File:Zwaard van Ommerschans (39301299902).jpg, Sword of Ommerschans, Netherlands, . Length: 68.3 cm, weight: 2.8 kg
File:Halssnoer van barnstenen kralen.png, Amber necklace discovered in Utrecht
Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...
File:Overzicht op gerestaureerde grafheuvel, nr. 1B, bij Toterfout, uit de Midden-Bronstijd, omgeven door een achtvormige greppel - Veldhoven - 20528441 - RCE.jpg, Burial mound, Netherlands
File:M 11 bij Halfmijl, afzetting van houten palen - Veldhoven - 20528428 - RCE.jpg, Burial mound, Netherlands
File:Boerderijen die gebouwd werden in de ijzertijd en bronstijd leken veel op elkaar Hunebedden centrum Borger.JPG, Bronze Age house reconstruction, Netherlands
See also
*
Prehistory of the Netherlands
*
Bronze Age Britain
Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from until . Lasting for approximately 1,700 years, it was preceded by the era of Neolithic Britain and was in turn followed by the period of Iron Age Britain. Being categorised as t ...
*
Unetice culture
*
Armorican Tumulus culture
*
Tumulus culture
*
Nordic Bronze Age
The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age, or Scandinavian Bronze Age) is a period of Scandinavian prehistory from .
The Nordic Bronze Age culture emerged about 1750 BC as a continuation of the Late Neolithic Dagger period, which is root ...
*
Argaric culture
The Argaric culture, named from the type site El Argar near the town of Antas, Andalusia, Antas, in what is now the province of Almería in southeastern Spain, is an Bronze Age Europe, Early Bronze Age culture which flourished between c. 2200 Ann ...
References
External links
Bronze Age cultures of Europe
Archaeological cultures of Europe
Archaeological cultures in Belgium
Archaeological cultures in France
Archaeological cultures in the Netherlands
{{europe-archaeology-stub