Henry XIII, Duke Of Bavaria
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Henry XIII (19 November 1235 – 3 February 1290), member of the
Wittelsbach The House of Wittelsbach () is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, ...
dynasty, was Duke of Lower Bavaria.


Family

He was the younger son of Otto II and Agnes of Brunswick.


Biography

In 1254, he succeeded his father together with his brother Louis II in
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
and the Palatinate. The brothers divided their land in 1255 against the law. Henry received Lower Bavaria and Louis Upper Bavaria and the Palatinate. It was the first of many divisions of the
duchy A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important differe ...
. Henry resided in Landshut and, in 1255, the work for the main castle of Burghausen Castle was begun. As the division of the duchy was against the law, it caused anger of the Bishops in Bavaria who allied with
Ottokar II of Bohemia Ottokar II (; , in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Austria, Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278 ...
in 1257. In August 1257, Ottokar invaded Bavaria, but Henry and Louis managed to repulse the attack. It was one of the rare concerted and harmonious actions of both brothers who often argued. Henry was also later several times at war against the Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Bishop of
Passau Passau (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the ("City of Three Rivers"), as the river Danube is joined by the Inn (river), Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north. Passau's population is about 50,000, of whom ...
. During the conflict of King Rudolph I of Germany with Ottokar II, Duke Henry repeatedly changed allegiance. Later, it was with his help that the Fürstenzell Abbey was founded in 1274. During Duke Henry's reign, the Bavarian Peace Ordinances were put into place in his domains, stating, "Anyone out of doors at night without a lantern is violating the peace and is suspect of crime." The ordinances extend further for the city of Landshut that anyone carrying a sword or dagger by day or night was liable to heavy penalties. Henry XIII was succeeded by his oldest son Otto III, who also became King of Hungary. Henry's branch died out in 1340 and was inherited by Louis' son Emperor Louis IV.


Marriage and children

In 1250, Henry married Elizabeth of Hungary, a daughter of
Béla IV of Hungary Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of Andrew II of Hungary, King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group ...
and Maria Laskarina. The couple were married for twenty-one years and had ten children: * Agnes (January 1254 – 20 October 1315). Joined the
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun. * Agnes (17 July 1255 – 10 May 1260). She shared her name with her older sister. * Agnes (29 October 1256 – 16 November 1260). She shared her name with her two older sisters. * Elizabeth (23 April 1258 – 8 August 1314). Joined the Cistercian Monastery at Seligenthal as a nun. * Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (11 February 1261 – 9 November 1312), married Catherine of Habsburg * Henry (23 February 1262 – 16 September 1280). * Sophie (c. 1264 – 4 February 1282). Married Poppo VIII, Count of Henneberg. * Catherine (9 June 1267 – 9 January 1310). Married Frederick Tuta,
Margrave of Meissen This article lists the margraves of Margraviate of Meissen, Meissen, a March (territorial entity), march and territorial state on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire. History King Henry the Fowler, on his 928–29 campaign against the S ...
. * Louis III, Duke of Bavaria (9 October 1269 – 9 October 1296). * Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (14 March 1271 – 10 December 1310).


References


Sources

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria 1235 births 1290 deaths 13th-century dukes of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach