Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, (22 May 181118 October 1864), styled Earl of Lincoln before 1851, was a British politician and aristocrat. He sat in Parliament for

South Nottinghamshire South Nottinghamshire, formally the "Southern Division of Nottinghamshire" was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote syste ...

(1832–46) and for Falkirk Burghs (1846–51) until inheriting the dukedom. Newcastle held several key offices in the mid-19th century, including

Chief Secretary for Ireland The Chief Secretary for Ireland was a key political office in the British Dublin Castle administration, administration in Ireland. Nominally subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Lieutenant, and officially the "Chief Secretar ...

Secretary of State for the Colonies The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom's government minister, minister in charge of managing certain parts of the British Empire. The colonial secretary never had responsibility for t ...

, and

Secretary of State for War and the Colonies The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet-level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). The Secretary was supported by an Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. Hist ...

. In 1855, he resigned as

Secretary of State for War The secretary of state for war, commonly called the war secretary, was a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, which existed from 1794 to 1801 and from 1854 to 1964. The secretary of state for war headed the War Offic ...

owing to disastrous casualties during the

Crimean War The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont fro ...

Background

Newcastle was the son of

Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (31 January 1785 – 12 January 1851), was a British nobleman and politician who played a leading part in British politics in the late 1820s and early 1830s. He was styled L ...

, by his wife Georgina Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Miller-Mundy. He was educated at Eton and

Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church (, the temple or house, ''wikt:aedes, ædes'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by Henry V ...

, where he took his B.A. degree in 1832, and was created a D.C.L. in 1863.

Political career

Newcastle was returned to Parliament for

in 1832, a seat he held until 1846, and then represented Falkirk Burghs until 1851, when he succeeded his father in the dukedom. Initially a

Tory A Tory () is an individual who supports a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalist conservatism which upholds the established social order as it has evolved through the history of Great Britain. The To ...

, he served under

Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850), was a British Conservative statesman who twice was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835, 1841–1846), and simultaneously was Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–183 ...

as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests from 1841 to 1846 and as

in 1846, as the effects of the

Great Irish Famine The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger ( ), the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland lasting from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a historical social crisis and had a major impact o ...

began to take hold. He was admitted to the British Privy Council in 1841, and to the

Irish Privy Council His or Her Majesty's Privy Council in Ireland, commonly called the Privy Council of Ireland, Irish Privy Council, or in earlier centuries the Irish Council, was the institution within the Dublin Castle administration which exercised formal execut ...

on 14 February 1846. Newcastle joined the

Peelite The Peelites were a breakaway political faction of the British Conservative Party from 1846 to 1859. Initially led by Robert Peel, the former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader in 1846, the Peelites supported free trade whilst the bulk ...

s in 1846, and held office in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government as

between 1852 and 1854, and as

and Secretary at War between 12 June 1854 and 1 February 1855, when he resigned over the

. From 18 June 1859 to April 1864, he served as

in Lord Palmerston's Liberal administration. In 1860, while holding this office, he went to Canada and the United States, in company with the

Prince of Wales Prince of Wales (, ; ) is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the History of the English monarchy, English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd who, from ...

. Apart from his political career he also held the honorary posts of Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire from 1857 to 1864 and

Lord Warden of the Stannaries The Lord Warden of the Stannaries (from for Tin, Tin, Sn) used to exercise judicial and military functions in Cornwall, England, UK, and is still the official who, upon the commission of the British monarchy, monarch or Duke of Cornwall for the ...

from 1862 to 1864. He was made a

Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. The most senior order of knighthood in the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, British honours system, it is outranked in ...

on 17 December 1860. Lord Lincoln was a member of the

Canterbury Association The Canterbury Association was formed in 1848 in England by Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), members of parliament, Peerage of the United Kingdom, peers, and Anglicanism, Anglican church leaders, to establish a colony in New Zealand. The se ...

from 27 March 1848. Upon succeeding to the dukedom, he joined the association's management committee on 29 January 1851. In 1849, the chief surveyor of the Canterbury Association, Joseph Thomas, named the future town of Lincoln in New Zealand after him. The town's university was in turn also named after Lord Lincoln.

Family

Newcastle married Lady Susan Hamilton (9 June 181428 November 1889), daughter of Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, on 27 November 1832. They had five children: *

Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (25 January 1834 – 22 February 1879) was an English nobleman, styled Lord Clinton until 1851 and Earl of Lincoln until he inherited the dukedom in 1864. Pelham-Clinton wa ...

(25 January 183422 February 1879), who married Henrietta Adela Hope (11 April 18438 May 1913) on 11 February 1861 and had five children. * Lord Edward William Pelham-Clinton (11 August 18369 July 1907), who married Matilda Jane Cradock-Hartopp (died 23 October 1892) on 22 August 1865. * Lady Susan Charlotte Catherine Pelham-Clinton (7 April 18396 September 1875), who married Lord Adolphus Vane-Tempest (2 July 182511 June 1864) on 23 April 1860. She was a mistress of

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second child ...

when he was Prince of Wales. *

Lord Arthur Pelham-Clinton Lord Arthur Pelham-Clinton (23 June 1840 – 18 June 1870), known as Lord Arthur Clinton, was an English aristocrat and Liberal Party politician. A member of Parliament (MP) for three years, he was notorious for involvement in the homosexual sc ...

(23 June 184018 June 1870) who died, possibly by suicide, after being charged in the Boulton and Park case.Robert Aldrich, Garry Wotherspoon, "Who's who in gay and lesbian history: from antiquity to World War II", Routledge, 2001, , p.66 *Lord Albert Sidney Pelham-Clinton (22 December 18451 March 1884), who married Mrs Frances Evelyn Stotherd on 17 November 1870; they were divorced in 1877. The marriage was unhappy and the Duke and Duchess were divorced in 1850, after a considerable scandal in which the Duchess eloped with Horatio Walpole, Lord Walpole, and had an illegitimate child by him. Newcastle died in October 1864, aged 53, and was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son, Henry. His papers are now held at Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham.

Coat of arms

References

* F. Darrell Munsell, ''The Unfortunate Duke: Henry Pelham, Fifth Duke of Newcastle, 1811–1864'' (University of Missouri Press, 1985) Attribution:

External links

*
Biography of the 5th Duke, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections at The University of Nottingham
* *
Pictures of the Duke of Newcastle at the National Portrait Gallery
* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Newcastle, Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of 1811 births 1864 deaths 19th-century English nobility People educated at Eton College Secretaries of state for war (UK) 005

Henry Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainmen ...

English Anglicans Knights of the Garter Lord-lieutenants of Nottinghamshire Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of UK MPs who inherited peerages Members of the Privy Council of Ireland Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom