Henry Hoare (1807–1866)
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Henry Hoare (1807–1866) was an English banker, a partner in
Hoare's Bank C. Hoare & Co., also known as Hoares, is a British private bank, founded in 1672 by Richard Hoare (banker), Sir Richard Hoare; it is a twelfth generation family business and is owned by eight of Sir Richard's direct descendants. It is the oldest ...
. One of numerous family members of the name, he is called Henry Hoare of Staplehurst, after his Kent estate. He is now known as a lay activist for the
Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the State religion#State churches, established List of Christian denominations, Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglicanism, Anglican Christian tradition, ...
, particularly concerned with the revival of
Convocation A convocation (from the Latin ''wikt:convocare, convocare'' meaning "to call/come together", a translation of the Ancient Greek, Greek wikt:ἐκκλησία, ἐκκλησία ''ekklēsia'') is a group of people formally assembled for a specia ...
, dormant since the early 18th century.


Background and early life

He was the eldest son of the banker William Henry Hoare (1776–1819) and his wife, Louisa Elizabeth Noel, daughter of
Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet Sir Gerard Noel Noel, 2nd Baronet (17 July 1759 – 25 February 1838), of Welham Grove in Leicestershire and Exton Park in Rutland, known as Gerard Edwardes until 1798, was an English Member of Parliament. Background Gerard Noel was born Gera ...
; the cleric William Henry Hoare (1809–1888) was the second son. Their paternal grandfather was the banker Henry Hoare of Mitcham Grove, who died in 1828.
Mary Jane Kinnaird Mary Kinnaird or Mary Jane Kinnaird, Lady Kinnaird; Mary Jane Hoare (1816–1888) was an English philanthropist and co-founder of the Young Women's Christian Association. Kinnaird has one Women's College and a girls' High School in Pakistan and ...
(1816–1888) was the sixth and youngest child in the family, born in 1816: their mother died later that year, and her elder brother Henry eventually became her guardian. Another sister was Louisa Elizabeth (c.1813–1884), who married in 1836
Peter John Locke King Peter John Locke King (25 January 1811, Ockham, Surrey – 12 November 1885, Weybridge) was an English politician. King sat and held one of the two seats as Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament (MP) for East Surrey (UK P ...
. The other siblings were Gerard Noel (born 1811), naval officer and brewer, who made a
first cousin A cousin is a relative who is the child of a parent's sibling; this is more specifically referred to as a first cousin. A parent of a first cousin is an aunt or uncle. More generally, in the lineal kinship, kinship system used in the English-s ...
marriage to Sophia Lilias O'Brien, sister of
Augustus Stafford Augustus Stafford (22 June 1811 – 15 November 1857), also known as Augustus Stafford O'Brien-Stafford, was a British landowner and Conservative Party politician. Biography Stafford was born in Walcot, Lincolnshire in 1811. He was the s ...
; and Elizabeth Lydia (1814–1832), who did not marry. William Henry Hoare wrote about the family background for the ''Memoir'' of Henry Hoare published in 1869. Their early life was in the heartland of the
Clapham Sect The Clapham Sect, or Clapham Saints, were a group of social reformers associated with Holy Trinity Clapham in the period from the 1780s to the 1840s. Despite the label "sect", most members remained in the Established Church, established (and do ...
, at Broomfield House where
William Wilberforce William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833) was a British politician, philanthropist, and a leader of the movement to abolish the Atlantic slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780 ...
had lived, and with Henry Thornton as a neighbour. The orphaned children had as governess Miss Holloway, who had worked in the Noel family; she was sister of the Rev. James Thomas Holloway of the Fitzroy Episcopal Chapel. They moved with her to their grandfather at Mitcham Grove.


Education

With
Samuel Wilberforce Samuel Wilberforce, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (7 September 1805 – 19 July 1873) was an English bishop in the Church of England, and the third son of William Wilberforce. Known as "Soapy Sam", Wilberforce was one of the greatest public sp ...
, Hoare was a pupil in 1819 at Stanstead Park, near
Racton Racton is a hamlet in the civil parish of Stoughton, in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the B2147 road 2.1 miles (3.4 km) northeast of Emsworth. The hamlet lies along the River Ems. 0.4 miles north of the hamlet ...
in Sussex, of George Hodson, at that time chaplain to Lewis Way. Hodson was tutoring
Albert Way Albert Way (23 June 1805 – 22 March 1874) was an English antiquary, and principal founder of the Royal Archaeological Institute. Birth and family background Way was born in Bath, Somerset, on 23 June 1805. He was the only son of Lewis Way ...
, but gathered a small class of six boys, who included
James Thomason James Thomason (3 May 1804 – 17 September 1853) was a British administrator of the East India Company and Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces between 1843 and 1853. Early life The son of Thomas Truebody Thomason, a British cler ...
. In 1820 Hodson moved to
Maisemore Maisemore is a village and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. It lies on the A417 road 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of Gloucester, on the west bank of the River Severn. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 488, reducing ...
near
Gloucester Gloucester ( ) is a cathedral city, non-metropolitan district and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West England, South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean ...
as a curate, taking pupils with him. Hoare apparently stayed with Hodson to age 16, judging by a farewell letter in the ''Memoir''. Hoare matriculated at
St John's College, Cambridge St John's College, formally the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge, is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge, founded by the House of Tudor, Tudor matriarch L ...
in 1824, graduating B.A. in 1828; M.A. in 1831. An influence on him from his time at Cambridge was the preaching of
Hugh James Rose Hugh James Rose (9 June 1795 – 22 December 1838) was an English Anglican priest and theologian who served as the second Principal of King's College, London. Life Rose was born at Little Horsted in Sussex on 9 June 1795 and educated at Uckfie ...
. He was brought into Hoare's Bank on graduating, and took charge of the estate of Henry Hoare of Mitcham Grove who died that year. With his brother William, and Barton Shuttleworth, he made a continental tour in 1831. Shuttleworth was a cleric and a tutor in the Hoare family, found a position there by Thomas Drake (1745–1819), vicar of Rochdale, around 1794, after his father of the same name died the incumbent of Littleborough.


Staplehurst

There was family property at
Staplehurst Staplehurst is a town and civil parish in the borough of Maidstone in Kent, England, south of the town of Maidstone and with a population of 5,947. The town lies on the route of a Roman road, which is now incorporated into the course of the A2 ...
, a village in the
Weald The Weald () is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High W ...
country of Kent south of
Maidstone Maidstone is the largest Town status in the United Kingdom, town in Kent, England, of which it is the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, l ...
. Hoare was on good terms with the rector there from 1826, Thomas Waldron Hornbuckle (died 1848), a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. At this period much of his grandfather's fortune was tied up in the London brewery in
East Smithfield East Smithfield is a small locality in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, east London, and also a short street, a part of the A1203 road. Once broader in scope, the name came to apply to the part of the ancient parish of St Botolph without ...
run by his uncle, George Matthew Hoare. He began to build a family home just outside Staplehurst: by 1868 Staplehurst Place was described as a "fine timber mansion". He started living at Staplehurst shortly before his marriage of 1836, close to his brother William at Ashurst Park near
Tunbridge Wells Royal Tunbridge Wells (formerly, until 1909, and still commonly Tunbridge Wells) is a town in Kent, England, southeast of Central London. It lies close to the border with East Sussex on the northern edge of the High Weald, whose sandstone ...
. Hoare was
High Sheriff of Kent The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (prior to 1974 the office previously known as sheriff)."Sheriffs appointed for a county or Greater London shall be known as high sheriffs, and any reference in any enactment or instru ...
in 1842. He became a partner in Hoare's Bank, of
Fleet Street Fleet Street is a street in Central London, England. It runs west to east from Temple Bar, London, Temple Bar at the boundary of the City of London, Cities of London and City of Westminster, Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the Lo ...
, London, in 1845, remaining until 1865. After the death of his cousin Charles Hoare in 1851, the bank had just two partners, Henry and Peter Richard Hoare the younger (1803–1877), son of Charles's younger brother Peter Richard (1772–1849). Henry in 1852 became treasurer of the Incorporated Church Building Society, continuing a close alliance of the bank with the bricks-and-mortar of the Church of England. In 1864 Hoare laid the foundation stone of the new chapel built for St John's College by
George Gilbert Scott Sir George Gilbert Scott (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), largely known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he ...
. He had friends in his old college,
William Henry Bateson William Henry Bateson (3 June 1812, Liverpool – 27 March 1881, Cambridge) was a British academic, who served as Master of St John's College, Cambridge. The son of Richard Bateson, a Liverpool merchant, Bateson was educated at Shrewsbury School ...
and
George Fearns Reyner George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...
, but his presence was fortuitous, Lord Powis being unable to come. It resulted in a proposal to add a tower to the chapel. Over objections from George Bonney, the College agreed to an instalment plan under which Hoare would fund the tower, in five annual payments. After being injured in a rail accident in March 1865, Hoare died on 16 April 1866, at
Staplehurst Staplehurst is a town and civil parish in the borough of Maidstone in Kent, England, south of the town of Maidstone and with a population of 5,947. The town lies on the route of a Roman road, which is now incorporated into the course of the A2 ...
. The chapel tower plan was financed for only 40% of the cost, when Henry Hoare the younger, the heir, wished the remainder to be conditional on the sale to him by the College of the
advowson Advowson () or patronage is the right in English law of a patron (avowee) to present to the diocesan bishop (or in some cases the ordinary if not the same person) a nominee for appointment to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice or church living, a ...
of Staplehurst, which the College would not countenance. Reyner retired to the living: the heir had wished to present it to his clerical brother, Walter Marsham Hoare.


Lay co-operation

In later life, Hoare ran a long and consistent campaign to involve laymen in
Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the State religion#State churches, established List of Christian denominations, Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglicanism, Anglican Christian tradition, ...
affairs. Its success was recognised by William Hale, and by 1860 there were two prominent examples of his projects, the Committee of Laymen and the Church Institution. His own religious views were from an
evangelical Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of th ...
upbringing, tempered by
High Church A ''high church'' is a Christian Church whose beliefs and practices of Christian ecclesiology, Christian liturgy, liturgy, and Christian theology, theology emphasize "ritual, priestly authority, ndsacraments," and a standard liturgy. Although ...
sympathies acquired from the ''
Tracts for the Times The Tracts for the Times were a series of 90 theological publications, varying in length from a few pages to book-length, produced by members of the English Oxford Movement, an Anglo-Catholic revival group, from 1833 to 1841. There were about a do ...
''. The Society for the Revival of Convocation was formed in 1850, and was chaired by Hoare. One of the issues provoking its foundation was the Privy Council judgement in the
Gorham case George Cornelius Gorham (1787–1857) was a priest in the Church of England. He was denied a vicarage due to his controversial views on infant baptism, and his appeal of that decision to a secular court caused religious controversy within the Ang ...
, earlier that year. The restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in England also occurred shortly before it was set up, later in the year. Adopting the Protestant language of the "papal aggression", Hoare argued that in the move was to be seen also the "crippled state of the Church of England". The ''Church Dictionary'' edited by
Walter Farquhar Hook Walter Farquhar Hook (13 March 1798 – 20 October 1875), known to his contemporaries as Dr Hook, was an eminent Victorian churchman. He was the Vicar of Leeds responsible for the construction of the current Leeds Minster and for many eccl ...
considered that Hoare and Samuel Wilberforce were the prime movers in the agitation that saw Convocation revived, while the Archbishops
John Bird Sumner John Bird Sumner (25 February 1780 – 6 September 1862) was a bishop in the Church of England and Archbishop of Canterbury. Early life John Bird Sumner was born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, on 25 February 1780. He was the eldest son of the Re ...
and Thomas Musgrave disapproved. It also records the argument that the
emancipation of the Jews in the United Kingdom Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom was the culmination in the 19th century of efforts over several hundred years to loosen the legal restrictions set in place on England's Jewish population. Between 1833 and 1890 Parliament passed a series ...
, topical in 1850, and of other groups, had affected the suitability of parliament as decision-maker in matters concerning the Church of England. Convocation had been dormant since 1717 and the Bangorian controversy, when it had been prorogued to shield
Benjamin Hoadley Benjamin Hoadly (14 November 167617 April 1761) was an England, English clergyman, who was successively Bishop of Bangor, Bishop of Hereford, of Hereford, Bishop of Salisbury, of Salisbury, and finally Bishop of Winchester, of Winchester. He i ...
from High Church criticism. With both Tractarian and evangelical support, the Convocations of Canterbury and York began again, in 1852 and 1861 respectively. A clerical ally for Hoare was William Emery, who in 1850 was a Fellow of
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Corpus Christi College (full name: "The College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary", often shortened to "Corpus") is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. From the late 14th c ...
. They worked together on the revival of Convocation. In 1852 Hoare met William Broughton, the Bishop of Australia; an influence on Hoare's ideas about lay participation in diocesan synods, according to his biographer James Bradby Sweet.


Family

Hoare married in 1836 Lady Mary Marsham, daughter of Charles Marsham, 2nd Earl of Romney. They had 12 children: * Mary Sophia (born 1837), eldest child, married 1862 the Rev. Thomas William Onslow Hallward. * Henry Hoare (1838–1898), eldest son, banker, married in 1865 Beatrice Ann Paley, daughter of the Rev. George Barber Paley. * Cecilia Elizabeth (1839–1863), second daughter, unmarried. * Walter Marsham Hoare (1840–1912), second son, cleric. He rowed for Oxford in 1863
Boat Race The Boat Race is an annual set of rowing races between the Cambridge University Boat Club and the Oxford University Boat Club, traditionally rowed between open-weight eights on the River Thames in London, England. It is also known as the Uni ...
. He married in 1867 Jessie Mary Robertson, daughter of Richard Ignatius Robertson, and was father of Arthur Robertson Hoare. * Caroline Charlotte (1841– ), third daughter. * Angelina Margaret Hoare (1843–1892), fourth daughter, known for her work on
female education Female education is a catch-all term for a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women. It is frequently called girls ...
in India. * Charles Hoare (1844–1898), third son, banker, married 1872 Katherine Georgina Hervey, daughter of Lord Arthur Charles Hervey. * William Hoare (1847–1925), fourth son, banker and brewer, an amateur cricketer for the Gentlemen of Kent, married 1878 Laura Lennard, daughter of Sir John Farnaby Lennard, 1st Baronet. * Sophia Louisa, fifth daughter. * Alfred Hoare (1850–1938), fifth son, surgeon and banker. * Katharine, sixth daughter. * Hugh Edward Hoare (born 1854), sixth son, politician and brewer.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoare, Henry 1807 births 1866 deaths English bankers English Anglicans
Henry Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainmen ...
People from Staplehurst 19th-century English businesspeople