Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (28 September 1555 – 25 March 1623),
duc de Bouillon (''
jure uxoris
''Jure uxoris'' (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife"), citing . describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title '' suo jure'' ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could beco ...
''), was a member of the powerful
House of La Tour d'Auvergne
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air c ...
, the
Prince of Sedan and a
marshal of France
Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...
. He was a prominent
Huguenot
The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...
figure.
Biography
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne was born at the castle of
Joze-en-Auvergne, near
Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (, , ; or simply ; ) is a city and Communes of France, commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions of France, region, with a population of 147,284 (2020). Its metropolitan area () had 504,157 inhabitants at the 2018 ...
in
Auvergne
Auvergne (; ; or ) is a cultural region in central France.
As of 2016 Auvergne is no longer an administrative division of France. It is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dis ...
. His parents were François de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne and Éléonore de
Montmorency, eldest daughter of
Anne, 1st Duc de Montmorency.
After the
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 he participated in the
siege of La Rochelle
The siege of La Rochelle (, or sometimes ) was a result of a war between the French royal forces of Louis XIII of France and the Huguenots of La Rochelle in 1627–1628. The siege marked the height of Huguenot rebellions, the struggle between ...
, but subsequently re-converted to
Protestant
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
ism. Compromised in the conspiracy of
La Mole and
Coconnat in 1574, he joined the party of the
Malcontents headed by
François, Duke of Alençon (younger brother of kings
Charles IX and
Henry III) in 1575.
In 1576 he joined the Protestant party of Henry of Navarre (the future
Henry IV), negotiating the
Peace of Nérac between Protestants and Catholics in 1579. Appointed lieutenant general of Upper
Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (, , ; ) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately .
History
...
in 1580, he took part in the
siege of Paris in 1590 after the accession of Henry IV to the throne, and conquered
Stenay from the
Catholic League in 1591.
In 1591 Henry IV married him to
Charlotte de La Marck, heiress to the duchy of
Bouillon
Bouillon can refer to:
Food
* Bouillon (broth), a simple broth
** Court-bouillon, a quick broth
* Bouillon (soup), a Haitian soup
* Bouillon (restaurant), a traditional type of French restaurant
** Bouillon Chartier, a bouillon restaurant fou ...
and of the
Principality of Sedan.
[
] In 1592 Henry IV made him Marshal of France.
After the death of his wife in 1594, he married
Elisabeth of Nassau,
a daughter of
William the Silent
William the Silent or William the Taciturn (; 24 April 153310 July 1584), more commonly known in the Netherlands as William of Orange (), was the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburg Netherlands, Habsburgs that set off the ...
, by his third wife
Charlotte de Bourbon, in 1595. In 1593 and 1595, Henry and the
Dutch Republic
The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...
conducted
two unsuccessful campaigns against Spanish-held Luxemburg.
[ (1861)]
Tien jaren uit den tachtigjarigen oorlog, 1588-1598
/ref>[, ]
Voor god en mijn koning: het verslag van kolonel Francisco Verdugo over zijn jaren als legerleider en gouverneur namens Filips II in Stad en Lande van Groningen, Drenthe, Friesland, Overijssel en Lingen (1581-1595)
' (2009), p. 26, 35. Assen: Uitgeverij Van Gorcum.Picardy
Picardy (; Picard language, Picard and , , ) is a historical and cultural territory and a former regions of France, administrative region located in northern France. The first mentions of this province date back to the Middle Ages: it gained it ...
in 1595 by Fuentes, governor of the Spanish Low Countries, he was sent to England to renew the alliance of France with Queen Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history ...
in 1596. Compromised in the conspiracy of Biron in 1602, he fled to Geneva
Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...
the following year and had to accept a French protectorate
A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a State (polity), state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over ...
over his duchy of Bouillon in 1606.
At the death of Henry IV, he entered the Council of Regency during the minority of Louis XIII
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
...
, and intrigued against Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully and Concini, the latter a favourite of the queen dowager and regent Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici (; ; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV. Marie served as regent of France between 1610 and 1617 during the minority of her son Louis XIII. Her mandate as rege ...
.
In April 1612 the Duke came to London as the ambassador of Marie de' Medici. He was received at court in state, and brought 100 or 250 followers. His lodgings at the Charterhouse, including rooms for his teenage nephew Henri de La Trémoille
Henri is the French form of the masculine given name Henry, also in Estonian, Finnish, German and Luxembourgish. Bearers of the given name include:
People French nobles
* Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), Marshal and Constable of France
* ...
, were hung with tapestries. He was brought to his first reception at the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace
The Palace of Whitehall – also spelled White Hall – at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, with the notable exception of Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, ...
by the Duke of Lennox
The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Dumbarton
Dumbarton (; , or ; or , meaning 'fort of the Britons (histo ...
in a convoy of 30 coaches. The court was wearing black mourning for the death of Anne Catherine wife of Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and King of Norway, Norway and List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein, Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years and 330 days is th ...
.
According to the Venetian ambassador, Antonio Foscarini, his instructions included an offer of a marriage between Princess Christine, the second Princess of France, and Prince Henry. Anne of Denmark
Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was the wife of King James VI and I. She was List of Scottish royal consorts, Queen of Scotland from their marriage on 20 August 1589 and List of English royal consorts, Queen of Engl ...
told one of his senior companions that she would prefer Prince Henry married a French princess without a dowry than a Florentine princess with any amount of gold.''Calendar State Papers Venice: 1610-1613'', vol. 12, (London, 1905), nos. 516, 539
/ref>
He died in Sedan in 1623.
Issue
Henri married on 19 November 1591, Charlotte de La Marck, ''suo jure
''Suo jure'' is a Latin phrase, used in English to mean 'in his own right' or 'in her own right'. In most nobility-related contexts, it means 'in her own right', since in those situations the phrase is normally used of women; in practice, especi ...
'' Duchess of Bouillon. They had a son who was born and died on 8 May 1594.
Henri married secondly Elisabeth of Orange-Nassau on 15 April 1595.
*Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne (August 1596 – November 1607);
* Marie de La Tour d'Auvergne (1599 – 24 May 1665) married Henri de La Trémoille
Henri is the French form of the masculine given name Henry, also in Estonian, Finnish, German and Luxembourgish. Bearers of the given name include:
People French nobles
* Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), Marshal and Constable of France
* ...
, Duke of Thouars and Prince de Talmont, titular King of Jerusalem
The king or queen of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Church, Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was Siege of Jerusalem (1099), conquered in ...
(1605–1674) and had issue;
*Juliane Catherine de La Tour d'Auvergne (8 October 1604 – 6 October 1637) married François de La Rochefoucauld, Count of Roucy, and had issue;
* Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (22 October 1605 – 9 August 1652)Jacques
Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related t ...
and Guy;
*Henriette Catherine de La Tour d'Auvergne (died 1677) married Amaury Gouyon, marquis de La Moussaye and had issue;
* Henri, vicomte de Turenne, (11 September 1611 – 27 July 1675)
Ancestry
References
Sources
*282
{{DEFAULTSORT:La Tour dAuvergne, Henri De, Duke Of Bouillon
1555 births
1623 deaths
People from the Principality of Sedan
People from Puy-de-Dôme
Huguenots
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, 1st duke
Henri
Marshals of France
French people of the French Wars of Religion
Viscounts of Turenne
Jure uxoris dukes