Helène Aylon (

née The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...

Greenfield; February 4, 1931 – April 6, 2020), was an American multimedia,

eco-feminist Ecofeminism integrates feminism and political ecology. Ecofeminist thinkers draw on the concept of gender to analyze relationships between humans and the natural world. The term was coined by the French writer Françoise d'Eaubonne in her 1974 ...

artist, and educator.Debra Nussbaum Cohen, "The Liberation of Helène Aylon," ''Forward'' (13 July 2012).Helène Aylon, ''Whatever Is Contained Must Be Released: My Jewish Orthodox Girlhood, My Life as a Feminist Artist'' (New York: Feminist Press, 2012). Her work can be divided into three phases:

process art Process art is an artistic movement where the end product of art and craft, the '':wikt:objet d’art, objet d’art'' (work of art/found object), is not the principal focus; the process of its making is one of the most relevant aspects if not th ...

(1970s),

anti-nuclear The Anti-nuclear war movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, n ...

art (1980s), and ''The G-d Project'' (1990s and early 2000s), a feminist commentary on the

Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
. '' She died during the

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...

, due to complications brought on by

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever ...

Early life and education

Aylon was born in

Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City located at the westernmost end of Long Island in the New York (state), State of New York. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with Kings County, one of twelv ...

. While living there, she received an

Orthodox Jewish Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as literally revealed by God on Mount Sinai and faithfully tra ...

upbringing; she was fluent in

Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...

.Gloria Feman Orenstein, "Torah Study, Feminism and Spiritual Quest in the Work of Five American Jewish Women Artists," ''Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues'' 14 (Fall 2007): 97–130. She attended grade school at

Shulamith School for Girls Shulamith School for Girls is a Centrist Orthodox Jewish school. It was the first Orthodox Jewish elementary school for girls in North America. The name ''Shulamith'' () is a feminine form of the Hebrew name Solomon, which loosely translates to ...

and her high school education was at the

Midrasha A ' (Hebrew: ; : ), typically, is an institute of Torah study for women of post-high-school age, somewhat equivalent to a men's yeshiva; most are located in Israel. The midrasha is also somewhat parallel to a "women's seminary" (Hebrew "semin ...

; Aylon, however, originally wanted to attend

The High School of Music and Art The High School of Music & Art, informally known as Music & Art (or M&A), was a public specialized high school located at 443-465 West 135th Street in the borough of Manhattan, New York, from 1936 until 1984. In 1961, Music & Art and the High S ...

Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...

. While attending high school, she became engaged to a rabbinical student named Mandel H. Fisch (b. 1926); they married in 1949."Helène Aylon, Bucking the Bridal Bridle," ''Washington Post'', 30 December 2001.Dinitia Smith, "Artist Challenges Ancient Marital Rituals"," ''Chicago Tribune'' (25 July 2001). Aylon moved immediately to

Montréal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...

, where her husband served as a

rabbi A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of t ...

. After two years, she gave birth to a son, Nathaniel Fisch, followed by a daughter, Renee Emunah. The couple returned to Brooklyn while Aylon was pregnant with her second child. Mandel Fisch was diagnosed with cancer in 1956 and died five years later; Aylon was 30. Prior to her husband's death, Aylon enrolled as an art student at

Brooklyn College Brooklyn College is a public university in Brooklyn in New York City, United States. It is part of the City University of New York system and enrolls nearly 14,000 students on a campus in the Midwood and Flatbush sections of Brooklyn as of fall ...

, where she studied under

Ad Reinhardt Adolph Friedrich Reinhardt (December 24, 1913 – August 30, 1967) was an American abstract painter and art theorist active in New York City for more than three decades. As a theorist he wrote and lectured extensively on art and was a ...

. She graduated with a B.A. degree from Brooklyn College in 1960. She studied at the

Art Students League of New York The Art Students League of New York is an art school in the American Fine Arts Society in Manhattan, New York City. The Arts Students League is known for its broad appeal to both amateurs and professional artists. Although artists may study f ...

in 1961; and the

Brooklyn Museum Art School The Brooklyn Museum Art School was a non-degree-granting professional school that opened at the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, New York in the summer of 1941. The Brooklyn Museum Art School provided instruction for amateur artists as well until Ja ...

in 1962. After finishing college, she was commissioned to paint a mural for the youth employment center in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant. When photographed for a newspaper article, she said that her name was Helène Aylon, in which she used the Hebrew equivalent of her first name as her surname. Aylon's first notable work, ''Rauch (Spirit, Wind, Breath)'' (1965), was a 16-foot mural, commissioned for the now-defunct Synagogue Library at

JFK International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport is a major international airport serving New York City and its metropolitan area. JFK Airport is located on the southwestern shore of Long Island, in Queens, New York City, bordering Jamaica Bay. It is t ...

, that attempted to portray

Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...

through the eyes of women. Alison Gass, "The Art and Spirituality of Helène Aylon," ''Bridges'' 8 (Spring 200): 12–18.

Teaching and feminism

She subsequently taught at

San Francisco State University San Francisco State University (San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a Public university, public research university in San Francisco, California, United States. It was established in 1899 as the San Francisco State Normal School and is ...

, and the

California College of Arts and Crafts The California College of the Arts (CCA) is a Private university, private art school in San Francisco, California. It was founded in Berkeley, California in 1907 and moved to a historic estate in Oakland, California in 1922. In 1996, it opened ...

Oakland Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major West Coast port, Oakland is ...

.Leslie Katz, "Pen in Hand, Artist Highlights Disturbing Torah Verses," ''Jewish Bulletin of Northern California'' (6 September 1996). In 1980, Aylon received a M.A. degree in women's studies from Antioch College/West.

Process art

Aylon's earliest exploration of

was done in California in the 1970s. She created a series called ''Paintings That Change'' (1974–77), which included ''Tar Pouring'', ''Drifting Boundaries'', ''Receding Beige'', and ''Oval on Left Edge''. All of the works consisted of oil on paper which would slowly transform as the oil moved, relying on chance. In 1978, she began work on a series called ''The Breakings'', for which she poured

linseed oil Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil (in its edible form), is a colorless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (''Linum usitatissimum''). The oil is obtained by pressing, sometimes followed by ...

on large panels that she placed flat on the studio floor and allowed the oil to form a thick skin. Next, she tilted the panels so that gravity would cause the oil to form a sac underneath the surface, which was subsequently allowed to break, again dependent largely on chance. As a result, the work looked completely different than it originally appeared.Barbara Cavaliere, "Helène Aylon," ''Arts Magazine'' (May 1979): 29–30. Aylon described this work as "very wet, orgasmic process art." In 1970 and 1972, Aylon showed at the Max Hutchinson Gallery in

SoHo SoHo, short for "South of Houston Street, Houston Street", is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Since the 1970s, the neighborhood has been the location of many artists' lofts and art galleries, art installations such as The Wall ...

; in 1975 and 1979, her ''Paintings that Change in Time'' were exhibited at

Betty Parsons Betty Parsons (born Betty Bierne Pierson, January 31, 1900 – July 23, 1982) was an American artist, art dealer, and collector known for her early promotion of Abstract Expressionism. She is regarded as one of the most influential and dynamic f ...

Gallery, Susan Caldwell Gallery,

MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and sc ...

, and the

Oakland Museum Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major West Coast port, Oakland is ...

Anti-nuclear and eco-activist art

By the 1980s, Aylon, was a self-described eco-feminist. She began to create anti-nuclear and eco-activist art, which included ''Earth Ambulance''.Michael Wise, "Double Yentls, Chanel Kippahs and P.C. Torahs: The Times are Changing the Jewish Museum," ''Forward'' (1 July 1994). This work consisted of an "ambulance" (a converted

U-Haul U-Haul Holding Company is an American moving truck, trailer, and self-storage rental company (law), company, based in Phoenix, Arizona, that has been in operation since 1945. The company was founded by Leonard Shoen and Anna Mary Carty in Ridgef ...

van) that symbolized an attempt to save the world from nuclear war. Using the ''Earth Ambulance'', Aylon gathered dirt from

Strategic Air Command Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a United States Department of Defense Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command responsible for command and control of the strategic bomber and intercontinental ballistic missile compon ...

nuclear bases,

uranium mines Uranium production is carried out in about 13 countries around the world, in 2017 producing a cumulative total of 59,462 tonnes of uranium (tU). The international producers were Kazakhstan (39%), Canada (22%), Australia (10%), Namibia (7.1%), Ni ...

, and

nuclear reactors A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction. They are used for commercial electricity, marine propulsion, weapons production and research. Fissile nuclei (primarily uranium-235 or plutonium-2 ...

from across the United States. She stuffed the dirt into pillowcases and used them in a demonstration at the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

during the Second Special Session on Nuclear Disarmament on June 12, 1982. In front of a group of spectators, the pillowcases were carried down the steps of Ralph Bunche Park on army stretchers. In 1992, to celebrate the end of the

Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...

, she installed a seed-filled ambulance at the Brooklyn Bridge Anchorage, an alternative space in New York City. Pillowcases from previous projects were hung around the installation. For her later ''Bridge of Knots'', Aylon created chains of knotted pillowcases, inscribed with dreams and nightmares about

nuclear war Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a War, military conflict or prepared Policy, political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are Weapon of mass destruction, weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conven ...

, which were draped around the façades of the

Knoxville Museum of Art The Knoxville Museum of Art (KMA), is an art museum in Knoxville, Tennessee. It specializes in historical and contemporary art pieces from the East Tennessee region. According to its mission statement, the museum "celebrates the art and artists ...

in 1993,

Berkeley Art Museum The Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAMPFA, formerly abbreviated as BAM/PFA) are a combined art museum, repertory movie theater, and film archive associated with the University of California, Berkeley. Lawrence Rinder was Director ...

in 1995, and

American University Museum The American University Museum is located within the Katzen Arts Center at the American University in Washington, DC. History and description The American University Museum consists of a three-story, museum and sculpture garden. The region’s ...

in 2006.Roberta Smith, "When the Medium Doesn't Agree With the Message," ''New York Times'' (28 August 1992). In 1985, Aylon traveled to

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

to mark the 40th anniversary of the

atomic bombing Atomic may refer to: * Of or relating to the atom, the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties * Atomic physics, the study of the atom * Atomic Age, also known as the "Atomic Era" * Atomic scale, distances comp ...

Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui has b ...

and

Nagasaki , officially , is the capital and the largest Cities of Japan, city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Founded by the Portuguese, the port of Portuguese_Nagasaki, Nagasaki became the sole Nanban trade, port used for tr ...

. Floating sacks of seeds, grain, pods, and bamboo were sent down the rivers towards those two cities.Benjamin Genocchio, "Magic Ambulance Seeks End to Warfare," ''New York Times'' (15 January 2006). In 1995, Aylon's video of the "two sacs en route" to Hiroshima and Nagasaki was shown on the Sony Jumbotron in

Times Square Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment hub, and Neighborhoods in New York City, neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City. It is formed by the junction of Broadway (Manhattan), ...

''The G-d Project''

After the death of Aylon's husband in 1961, she began to develop an idea of reformed Judaism which rejected the

patriarchal Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term ''patriarchy'' is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in fem ...

notions in the

Five Books of Moses The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Book of Genesis, Genesis, Book of Exodus, Exodus, Leviticus, Book of Numbers, Numbers and Deuteronomy. ...

.Rolando Matalon and Helène Aylon, "A Conversation between Artist Helène Aylon and Rabbi Rolando Matalon," ''Bridges'' 8 (Spring 2000): 19–24. In the 1990s, Aylon began work on ''The G-d Project'', a nine-part project that spanned two decades. The first work in the project, ''The Liberation of G-d'', contains the five books of Moses, in English and Hebrew, which sit on velvet-covered stands. Each page is covered in translucent

parchment Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared Tanning (leather), untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By AD 400 ...

. The sound of turning parchment pages was recorded and played in a loop while the work was on exhibition.Ilana Stanger, "Liberating God: Artist Helène Aylon Edits Genesis with Her Pink Magic Marker," ''Lilith'' (31 October 1996). Aylon placed the 54 sections of the

Torah The Torah ( , "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch () ...

on glass shelves along a wall, adjacent to the five books of Moses, and used a pink highlighter to mark phrases that, according to her, convey patriarchal attitudes. She also targeted words or phrases that conveyed a sense of vengeance, deception, cruelty, and

misogyny Misogyny () is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against Woman, women or girls. It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than Man, men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been wide ...

that had been falsely attributed to God.Max Halpern, "Five Artists—Five Faiths: Spirituality in Contemporary Art: Aukland Art Museum," ''Art Paper'' 29, no. 1 (January/February 2005):42. The work was first exhibited in ''Too Jewish? Challenging Traditional Identities'' at the Armand Hammer Museum of Art in March 1996. During the exhibition, Aylon formally invited area rabbis to visit and discuss her work.Christopher Knight, "Too Jewish? Good Query," ''LA Times'' (4 February 1997). In 1997, she completed ''The Women's Section'', the second work in ''The G-d Project'', which is dedicated to women with the marital status of ''

agunah An aguna or agunah (, plural: , ''ʿaḡunoṯ'') is a Jewish woman who is stuck in her marriage as determined by traditional halakha (Jewish law). The classic case is a man who has left on a journey and has not returned or has gone into battle ...

'': whose estranged husbands do not grant them a Jewish religious divorce called a Get, making it impossible for them to remarry. Included are texts from the Torah that speak of women's "impurity" and "virginity." In 1998, Aylon created the third work in the series, ''My Notebooks'', which consists of 54 blank 8.5 × 11″ notebooks that form a group of columns. The closed notebooks, with their dark covers, form black columns; the open notebooks form white columns. A transparency of Aylon's photographs from a Jewish girls' school is projected across the notebooks.Ruth Ost, "About the Cover: Helène Aylon's My 54 Notebooks," ''Cross Currents'' 48, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 248. The work is "Dedicated to Mrs.

Rashi Shlomo Yitzchaki (; ; ; 13 July 1105) was a French rabbi who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible. He is commonly known by the List of rabbis known by acronyms, Rabbinic acronym Rashi (). Born in Troyes, Rashi stud ...

and to Mrs.

Maimonides Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (, ) and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (), was a Sephardic rabbi and Jewish philosophy, philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah schola ...

, for surely they have something to say" and was intended to be a statement on women's lack of scholarship and participation in education." It also alludes to the female teachers of Aylon's all-female school, who could only teach commentary from male rabbis.Grace Glueck, "Creative Souls who Keep the Faith or Challenge its Influence," ''New York Times''(21 April 2000). In 1999, Aylon created ''Epilogue: Alone With My Mother'', the fourth work in the series. This work features a seven-foot-wide alcove with a pew, facing a stand with two open Bibles fixed in a way that stops them from closing. In the Bibles the blessings and curses of the last chapters of

Deuteronomy Deuteronomy (; ) is the fifth book of the Torah (in Judaism), where it is called () which makes it the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to ...

are highlighted. There is also a taped conversation between Aylon and her mother to accompany the installation, and the installation is dedicated to Aylon's mother. In 1999, Aylon created ''My Bridal Chamber: My Marriage Contract'', the fifth work in the series. It is a simple bed covered in a white bedspread that Aylon constructed from handkerchiefs and a wedding canopy. Around it are four columns with superimposed projections of photographs that show the artist in her wedding gown. Behind the headboard, Aylon wrote quotes from Leviticus concerning women's "uncleanliness" and "impurity." The work was meant to be a comment on marital and religious constraints felt by women. Aylon also created ''My Bridal Chamber: My Marriage Bed/My Clean Days'' (2000 - 2001), the sixth work in the series. In this work, Aylon projected shifting images onto a white bedsheet to represent

menstrual The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of egg ...

impurity, while a cascade of voice recordings counted the waiting times between periods and ritual baths. In 2002, Aylon completed ''The Partition Is in Place, But the Service Can't Begin'', the seventh work in the series. In this work there is a wall made of

tzitzit ''Tzitzit'' ( ''ṣīṣīṯ'', ; plural ''ṣīṣiyyōṯ'', Ashkenazi Hebrew, Ashkenazi: '; and Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan: ') are specially knotted ritual Fringe (trim), fringes, or tassels, worn in antiquity by Israelites and today by o ...

and large photocopies of the

Western Wall The Western Wall (; ; Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: ''HaKosel HaMa'arovi'') is an ancient retaining wall of the built-up hill known to Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount of Jerusalem. Its most famous section, known by the same name ...

. The work is a comment on the segregation of male and female worshippers in the Orthodox synagogue and at the Western Wall. As noted by Aylon, "The material I thought appropriate for the Partition that separates male and female worshippers is made of the ritual garb worn by religious men. But if there were nine male worshippers and one thousand female worshippers, the service could not begin because the service requires the presence of ten men." Aylon also created ''Wrestlers'' (1980, 2005), the eighth work in the series. It features large-scale landscape photographs with herself as a tiny figure in them, searching for foremothers. In 2005 she "added another layer of meaning to the Wrestlers by focusing on one particular wrestling fore-mother -

Lot's Wife In the Bible, Lot's wife is a figure first mentioned in Genesis 19. The Book of Genesis describes how she became a pillar of salt after she looked back at Sodom during its destruction by God. She is not named in the Bible, but is called Ado or ...

- and I gave her a name." That name was Hashemshela, which according to Aylon means "her name" in Hebrew. Aylon dedicated ''Wrestlers'' to

Ana Mendieta Ana Mendieta (November 18, 1948 – September 8, 1985) was a Cuban-American performance artist, sculptor, painter, and video artist who is best known for her "earth-body" artwork. She is considered one of the most influential Cuban-American ar ...

. The ninth and final work in Aylon's ''The G-d Project'' is ''All Rise'' (2007), an imagined feminist court where women who have been forbidden on a '' Beit Din'', the Jewish court of law, can now judge. In the work a wooded platform with three steps holds three chairs with tzitzit dangling from them, flanked by two pink pillowcase-flags and three signs with pink dashes that read "In G-d We Trust." A petitioner's bench faces the bet din. "I petition the traditional bet din of three males to include women as judges," Aylon stated, adding, "I think of my work as a 'rescue' of the Earth and God and women—all stuck in patriarchal designations."

Death

Aylon died of complications of

on April 6, 2020, in New York City, at the age of 89.

Public collections and recognition

Aylon's work is in the permanent collections of the

Whitney Museum The Whitney Museum of American Art, known informally as "The Whitney", is a Modern art, modern and Contemporary art, contemporary American art museum located in the Meatpacking District, Manhattan, Meatpacking District and West Village neighbor ...

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) is a modern art, modern and contemporary art museum and nonprofit organization located in San Francisco, California. SFMOMA was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th-century art ...

, and

Jewish Museum A Jewish museum is a museum which focuses upon Jews and may refer seek to explore and share the Jewish experience in a given area. Notable Jewish museums include: Albania * Solomon Museum, Berat Australia * Jewish Museum of Australia, Melbourn ...

. She was the recipient of grants from the

National Endowment for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created in 1965 as an independent agency of the feder ...

Pollock-Krasner Foundation The Pollock-Krasner Foundation was established in 1985 for the purpose of providing funding to visual artists internationally to further their artistic practices. It was established at the bequest of Lee Krasner, who was an American abstract expr ...

New York State Council for the Arts The New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) serves to foster and advance the arts, culture, and creativity throughout New York State, according to its website. The goal of the council is to allow all New Yorkers to benefit from the contribution ...

, and

New York Foundation for the Arts The New York Foundation for the Arts (NYFA) is an independent 501(c)(3) charity, funded through government, foundation, corporate, and individual support, established in 1971. It is part of a network of national not-for-profit arts organizations ...

Awards

* 2016:

Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award The Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award was established under the presidency of Lee Ann Miller (1978–80). Joan Mondale, artist and wife of vice-president Walter Mondale, helped to secure approval for a national award honoring women ...

References

External links

National Museum of American Jewish History - Helene AylonHelene Aylon at the University Art Museum - Berkeley, California

Jewish Women and the Feminist Revolution
from th
Jewish Women's Archive
* ttp://art_at_thekatzen.typepad.com/art_thekatzen/atom.xml Helene Aylon at Art at the Katzen {{DEFAULTSORT:Aylon, Helene American feminist artists Jewish American artists 1931 births 2020 deaths Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state) 20th-century American women artists Artists from Brooklyn Jewish American feminists People from Borough Park, Brooklyn Brooklyn College alumni Brooklyn Museum Art School alumni Art Students League of New York alumni 20th-century American artists American installation artists American anti-nuclear activists American environmentalists 20th-century American educators 20th-century American women educators