Heinrich Eduard Schröter (8 January 1829 – 3 January 1892) was a German

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

, who studied geometry in the tradition of

Jakob Steiner Jakob Steiner (18 March 1796 – 1 April 1863) was a Swiss mathematician who worked primarily in geometry. Life Steiner was born in the village of Utzenstorf, Canton of Bern. At 18, he became a pupil of Heinrich Pestalozzi and afterwards st ...

Life and work

Schröter went to (along with mathematicians

Alfred Clebsch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch (19 January 1833 – 7 November 1872) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to algebraic geometry and invariant theory. He attended the University of Königsberg and was habilitated at Humboldt ...

Rudolf Lipschitz Rudolf Otto Sigismund Lipschitz (14 May 1832 – 7 October 1903) was a German mathematician who made contributions to mathematical analysis (where he gave his name to the Lipschitz continuity condition) and differential geometry, as well as numbe ...

, Carl Gottfried Neumann) the Altstädtisches Gymnasium in

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

, studying mathematics and physics. After graduating from the Gymnasium in 1845, he entered the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg () was the university of Königsberg in Duchy of Prussia, which was a fief of Poland. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant Reformation, Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke A ...

to continue the study of mathematics and physics under

Jacobi Jacobi may refer to: People * Jacobi (surname), a list of people with the surname * Jacobi Boykins (born 1995), American basketball player * Jacobi Francis (born 1998), American football player * Jacobi Mitchell (born 1986), Bahamian sprinter ...

school's Frederick Richelot (and

Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist and physicist. He devised the first formulas to calculate inductance. He also formulated Neumann's law for molecular heat. In electromagnetism, he is credited for ...

and

Otto Hesse Ludwig Otto Hesse (22 April 1811 – 4 August 1874) was a German mathematician. Hesse was born in Königsberg, Prussia, and died in Munich, Bavaria. He worked mainly on algebraic invariants, and geometry. The Hessian matrix, the Hesse norma ...

). After his volunteer year in the military, he went to the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, where he was taught by

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (; ; 13 February 1805 – 5 May 1859) was a German mathematician. In number theory, he proved special cases of Fermat's last theorem and created analytic number theory. In analysis, he advanced the theory o ...

and

. In 1854 he received his doctorate in Richelot in Königsberg with a paper on

elliptic function In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are ...

s. He then passed the state exam and was qualified as a teacher in 1855 at the

University of Breslau A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

(also on elliptic functions). In 1858 he became associate professor in Breslau and in 1861 professor. He died after he fell ill in 1891. Schröter was influenced by Steiner's lectures, which were available only as note sheets, on

synthetic geometry Synthetic geometry (sometimes referred to as axiomatic geometry or even pure geometry) is geometry without the use of coordinates. It relies on the axiomatic method for proving all results from a few basic properties initially called postulates ...

(projective theory of conics) published in 1867. In ''Die Theorie der Oberflächen'' (the theory of surfaces) of 1880, one of his major works, he studied second order surfaces and third order space curves, continuing Steiner's work. For this work, he received the

Steiner Prize Steiner may refer to: People *Steiner (surname) *Steiner Brothers, a professional wrestling tag team *Steiner Brothers (tap-dancing trio), a 1950s–1960s Canadian act Places *Steiner, Michigan, U.S. *Steiner, Mississippi, U.S. Math and science ...

of the Berlin Academy and became its corresponding member. He also investigated the third-order surfaces and fourth-order space curves. His students included

Victor Eberhard Victor Guido Feodor Eberhard (17 January 1861 – 28 April 1927) was a blind German geometer, known for Eberhard's theorem partially characterizing the multisets of faces that can form convex polyhedron, convex polyhedra. Life Eberhard was born ...

Moritz Pasch Moritz Pasch (8 November 1843, Breslau, Prussia (now Wrocław, Poland) – 20 September 1930, Bad Homburg, Germany) was a German mathematician of Jewish ancestry specializing in the foundations of geometry. He completed his Ph.D. at the Uni ...

Jakob Rosanes Jakob Rosanes (also Jacob; 16 August 1842 – 6 January 1922) was a German mathematician who worked on algebraic geometry and invariant theory. He was also a chess master. Life and career Rosanes was a grandson of Rabbi Akiva Eiger, one of th ...

, and Rudolf Sturm.

Writings

* 1854 Breslau, Philosophische Fakultaet: Inaugural Dissertation: De Aequationibus Modularibus * 1855 Breslau, Philosophische Fakultaet : Habilitationsschrift: Entwicklung der Potenzen der elliptischen Transcendenten und die Theilung dieser Funktion. Respondent: A. Grimm, Dr phil.; Opponenten: R. Ladrasch, Gymnasiallehrer; E. Tillich, Cand. phil.; H. Jaschke, Stud. phil. * als Bearbeiter und Herausgeber: ''Jacob Steiner's Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie: Theil 2: Die Theorie der Kegelschnitte, gestützt auf projectivische Eigenschaften.'' Leipzig 1867, 2. Auflage 1876. * ''Die Theorie der Oberflächen zweiter Ordnung und der Raumkurven dritter Ordnung als Erzeugnisse projectivischer Gebilde.'' Leipzig 1880. * ''Die Theorie der ebenen Curven dritter Ordnung, auf synthetische Weise abgeleitet.'' Leipzig 1888. * ''Grundzüge einer rein geometrischen Theorie der Raumcurven vierter Ordnung erster Species.'' Leipzig 1890.

References

The original article was a translation (Google) of the corresponding article in German Wikipedia. * * * * Rudolf Sturm
''Heinrich Schröter.''
Jahresbericht DMV, Bd. 2, 1893. {{DEFAULTSORT:Schroter, Heinrich 1829 births 1892 deaths Scientists from Königsberg People from East Prussia 19th-century German mathematicians University of Königsberg alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Academic staff of the University of Breslau Mathematicians from the Kingdom of Prussia