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was the
●Heijō Palace Site Tour Center
●Corporate Participation Hall
B：Heijō History Museum/Full-Scale Replica of Japanese Diplomatic Ship for Envoys to Tang China
C：Suzaku Gate Plaza
●Suzaku Gate
D：Exchange Plaza
●Mahoroba Stage
●Exchange Hall
E：Heijō Palace Site Museum
F：Front Courtyard of the Former Imperial Audience Hall
G：South Gate Plaza
●Tempyo period costume rental area
H：Heijō-kyō Hands-on Learning Plaza
●Heijō-kyō Hands-on Learning Center
●Ministry of the Imperial Household
I：Excavation Site Exhibition Hall
J：Eastern Palace Garden Plaza
●Eastern Palace Garden * Other Events Site Ikaruga and Shigi-san Areas (cf. Ikaruga, 斑鳩・信貴山)
Asuka and Fujiwara Areas (cf. Asuka, 飛鳥・藤原)
Katsuragi Area (葛城)
Yoshino Area (cf. Mount Yoshino, 吉野)
Yamato Kogen Plains and Uda Area (大和高原・宇陀)
Nara Palace Site Museum
(Available in Chinese, English, French, Korean and Japanese)
* [https://archive.today/20130218203610/http://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/majorworks_e/topics/2010/sum/03.html Takenaka Corporation on the reconstruction of the first Daigokuden Palace rebuilt at the Special Historical Site-Designated Heijokyu Ruins] {{DEFAULTSORT:Heijo-kyo Former capitals of Japan Nara period Planned capitals Special Places of Scenic Beauty Special Historic Sites
was the Capital of Japan
The capital of Japan is Tokyo."About Japan"
The Government of Japan. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
during most of the The Government of Japan. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
Nara period
The of the history of Japan covers the years from 710 to 794. Empress Genmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara). Except for a five-year period (740–745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capita ...
, from 710 to 740 and again from 745 to 784. The imperial palace is a listed UNESCO World Heritage
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an international treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by int ...
together with other places in the city of Nara
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also task ...
(cf. Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site consisting of eight places in the old capital Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest. The pr ...
).
Empress Genmei
, also known as Empress Genmyō, was the 43rd monarch of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 元明天皇 (43) retrieved August 22, 2013. according to the traditional order of succession. Genmei's reign spanned the years 707 through ...
ordered the Imperial capital moved from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō in 708, and the move to Heijō-kyō was complete in 710. Heijō-kyō was modeled after Chang'an
Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has been inhabited since Neolithic time ...
, the capital of Tang-dynasty China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
, although Heijō-kyō lacked walls. In the city, merchants and traders from China, Korea and India introduced various foreign cultures to Heijō-kyō through the Silk Road. As a result, Heijō-kyō flourished as Japan's first international and political capital, with a peak population of between 50,000 and 100,000. The overall form of the city was an irregular rectangle, and the area of the city was more than 25 km2.
Architecture
In the area of Heijō-kyō, there are ancient Buddhist temples, and some temples are also listed asUNESCO World Heritage
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an international treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by int ...
together with Heijō Palace.
* Daian-ji (大安寺)
* Daikokuden (大極殿, reconstruction)
* Gangō-ji (元興寺)
* Kōfuku-ji (興福寺)
* Saidai-ji (西大寺)
* Suzakumon
The was the main gate built in the center of the south end of the imperial palaces in the Japanese ancient capitals of Fujiwara-kyō (Kashihara), Heijō Kyō, Heijō-kyō (Nara, Nara, Nara), and later Kyoto, Heian-kyō (Kyoto). The placement foll ...
(朱雀門, reconstruction)
* Tōdai-ji
is a Buddhist temple complex that was once one of the powerful Nanto Shichi Daiji, Seven Great Temples, located in the city of Nara, Nara, Nara, Japan. The construction of the temple was an attempt to imitate Chinese temples from the much-admir ...
(東大寺)
* Yakushi-ji (薬師寺)
1,300th anniversary
The year 2010 marked the passage of 1,300 years since the establishment of Nara Heijō-kyō. Commemorative events of the 1,300th anniversary of Nara Heijō-kyō Capital (Japanese:平城遷都1300年祭) were held in and around Nara Prefecture from April 24 to November 7, 2010. These events included special displays of national treasures and other cultural properties, walking events that explore famous places in Nara and traditional events in various places throughout Nara. * Main Event Site – Heijō-kyō Capital Area (平城宮跡) A：Entrance Plaza●Heijō Palace Site Tour Center
●Corporate Participation Hall
B：Heijō History Museum/Full-Scale Replica of Japanese Diplomatic Ship for Envoys to Tang China
C：Suzaku Gate Plaza
●Suzaku Gate
D：Exchange Plaza
●Mahoroba Stage
●Exchange Hall
E：Heijō Palace Site Museum
F：Front Courtyard of the Former Imperial Audience Hall
G：South Gate Plaza
●Tempyo period costume rental area
H：Heijō-kyō Hands-on Learning Plaza
●Heijō-kyō Hands-on Learning Center
●Ministry of the Imperial Household
I：Excavation Site Exhibition Hall
J：Eastern Palace Garden Plaza
●Eastern Palace Garden * Other Events Site Ikaruga and Shigi-san Areas (cf. Ikaruga, 斑鳩・信貴山)
Asuka and Fujiwara Areas (cf. Asuka, 飛鳥・藤原)
Katsuragi Area (葛城)
Yoshino Area (cf. Mount Yoshino, 吉野)
Yamato Kogen Plains and Uda Area (大和高原・宇陀)
See also
* Heijō Palace – Imperial palace *Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site consisting of eight places in the old capital Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest. The pr ...
– UNESCO World Heritage Site
*List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
To protect Japan's cultural heritage, the country's government selects through the Agency for Cultural Affairs important items and designates them as Cultural Properties of Japan, Cultural Properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Pro ...
References
* * Yoko Hsueh Shirai. ''Envisioning Heijokyo: 100 Questions & Answers about the Ancient Capital in Nara''. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 2011.External links
Nara Palace Site Museum
(Available in Chinese, English, French, Korean and Japanese)
* [https://archive.today/20130218203610/http://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/majorworks_e/topics/2010/sum/03.html Takenaka Corporation on the reconstruction of the first Daigokuden Palace rebuilt at the Special Historical Site-Designated Heijokyu Ruins] {{DEFAULTSORT:Heijo-kyo Former capitals of Japan Nara period Planned capitals Special Places of Scenic Beauty Special Historic Sites