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Heathcote is a Neoclassical-style
.
In 1906, Lutyens was commissioned by John Thomas Hemingway (1857–1926), a wealthy self-made 
The house is built of local 
For the interior design, Lutyens continued the classical theme. The vestibule floor was white
The gardens were laid out by Lutyens, with pools and
Heathcote is a Neoclassical-style villa
A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the f ...
in Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within ...
, West Yorkshire, England. Designed by architect Edwin Lutyens
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens ( ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials ...
, it was his first comprehensive use of that style, making it the precursor of his later public buildings in Edwardian Baroque
Edwardian architecture usually refers to a Neo-Baroque architectural style that was popular for public buildings in the British Empire during the Edwardian era (1901–1910). Architecture up to 1914 is commonly included in this style.
It can al ...
style and those of New Delhi.Gradidge (1981), pp. 63–68 It was completed in 1908.
In December 2014 English Heritage
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, a battlefield, medieval castles, Roman forts, historic industrial sites, Lis ...
designated it a Grade I listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...
, raising it from the Grade II* designation that it received in 1979. In its new listing for Heathcote, English Heritage called it a "pivotal" building in Lutyens's career, and "an imaginative and inventive essay in Mannerism". The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens #REDIRECT Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England #REDIRECT Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
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In 1906, Lutyens was commissioned by John Thomas Hemingway (1857–1926), a wealthy self-made Bradford
Bradford is a city status in the United Kingdom, city in West Yorkshire, England. It became a municipal borough in 1847, received a city charter in 1897 and, since the Local Government Act 1972, 1974 reform, the city status in the United Kingdo ...
wool merchant, and his wife Emma Jane, to replace their existing villa, which was at the lower, southern end of a sloping site,Brown (1996), pp. 133–136 in extent.Brown (1982), pp. 108–109. Lutyens was given a free rein in the design. He built the new villa at the top of the site, in a size and style intended to dominate the neighbouring villas. Lutyens had already mixed elements of classical architecture into his earlier, vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken language, spoken form of language, particularly when perceptual dialectology, perceived as having lower social status or less Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige than standard language, which is mor ...
and Neo-Georgian designs, and his correspondence with Herbert Baker
Sir Herbert Baker (9 June 1862 – 4 February 1946) was an English architect remembered as the dominant force in South African architecture for two decades, and a major designer of some of New Delhi's most notable government structures. He was ...
displayed a growing enthusiasm for classical architecture. Later, he acknowledged a stylistic debt at Heathcote to the 16th-century Italian architect Michele Sanmicheli
Michele Sanmicheli, sometimes also transcribed as Sammicheli, Sanmichele or Sammichele (Verona, 1484There is no certainty about the date of his birth. Vasari reports 1484, while architectural historian Giulio Sancassani, through a study of his fat ...
. Lutyens has been criticised for using a grand style more suited to a public building than to the Hemingways' dwelling. Lutyens came to call his new style "Wrennaissance", after Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren FRS (; – ) was an English architect, astronomer, mathematician and physicist who was one of the most highly acclaimed architects in the history of England. Known for his work in the English Baroque style, he was ac ...
.
The house is built of local ashlar
Ashlar () is a cut and dressed rock (geology), stone, worked using a chisel to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular in shape. The term can also refer to a structure built from such stones.
Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, a ...
: yellow Guiseley
Guiseley ( ) is an area in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Historic counties of England, Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is situated south of Otley and Menston and is now a north-west ...
stone decorated with grey stone from Morley,Amery (1981), pp. 108–109. with rustication on the ground floor and on the tall chimneys. The main features of the house and gardens are symmetrical around a north-south axis. English Heritage have identified a compositional influence from the 17th-century French architect François Mansart
François Mansart (; 23 January 1598 – 23 September 1666) was a French architect credited with introducing classicism into the Baroque architecture of France. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' identifies him as the most accomplished of 17th-c ...
. The house has a three-storey central block, set back between two flanking two-storey pavilions to east and west, each with an additional one-storey outer wing. Each of these five components has a hip roof
A hip roof, hip-roof or hipped roof, is a type of roof where all sides slope downward to the walls, usually with a fairly gentle slope, with variants including Tented roof, tented roofs and others. Thus, a hipped roof has no gables or other ve ...
, made of red pantile
A pantile is a type of fired roof tile, normally made from clay. It is S-shaped in profile and is single lap, meaning that the end of the tile laps only the course immediately below. Flat tiles normally lap two courses.
A pantile-covered roo ...
s.
Entry is from King's Road, via a walled entrance court, to a door in the centre of the north elevation
The elevation of a geographic location (geography), ''location'' is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational equipotenti ...
. The central hall leads out to a terrace garden
A terrace garden is a garden with a raised flat paved or gravelled section overlooking a prospect. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a transition between the hardscape and the softscape.
History Persia
Since a level site is ...
giving a view southwards towards Ilkley Moor
Ilkley Moor is part of Rombalds Moor, the moorland between Ilkley and Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The moor, which rises to 402 m (1,319 ft) above sea level, is the inspiration for the Yorkshire "county anthem" ''On Ilkla Mo ...
. The south, garden elevation is more elaborate than the north, with wrought-iron
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.05%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4.5%), or 0.25 for low carbon "mild" steel. Wrought iron is manufactured by heating and melting high carbon cast iron in an ...
balconies, additional setbacks in the central bay, and Doric pilaster
In architecture, a pilaster is both a load-bearing section of thickened wall or column integrated into a wall, and a purely decorative element in classical architecture which gives the appearance of a supporting column and articulates an ext ...
s on the flanking pavilions. English Heritage have called the south elevation a "witty reinterpretation" of Michele Sanmicheli's Porta Palio in Verona.
For the interior design, Lutyens continued the classical theme. The vestibule floor was white marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO3) or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. It has a crystalline texture, and is ty ...
. The hall had green Siberian marble columns, a black marble staircase and a vivid green carpet. Blue was used for some other surfaces, and for the Lutyens-designed furniture. He also designed star-shaped light fittings. Other interior features designed by Lutyens which remain intact include the fireplaces, cabinets and cupboards.
Emma Jane Hemingway died in the house in 1937. The company NG Bailey used the building as offices from 1958 to 2011. After a planning application
Planning permission or building permit refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant renovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions.
House building permits, for example, are subject to buil ...
to split it into two apartments was unsuccessful, it was converted back into an eight-bedroom house in 2012.
Gardens
The gardens were laid out by Lutyens, with pools and parterre
A ''parterre'' is a part of a formal garden constructed on a level substrate, consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, plats, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths. Typically it was the ...
s, and retaining walls
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to ...
for the terracing, including that of the central lawn. The Grade I listing of 12 December 2014 combined numerous garden and courtyard features that were individually Grade II* listed, as well as some outbuildings and a pair of cottages fronting onto King's Road.
The planting of the gardens was by garden designer Gertrude Jekyll
Gertrude Jekyll ( ; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British Horticulture, horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist. She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United Sta ...
.Brown (1982), p. 186.
See also
*Grade I listed buildings in West Yorkshire
There are over 9,000 Grade I listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the county of West Yorkshire, by metropolitan district.
Bradford
Calderdale
Kirklees
...
*Listed buildings in Ilkley
Listed may refer to:
* Listed, Bornholm, a fishing village on the Danish island of Bornholm
* Listed (MMM program), a television show on MuchMoreMusic
* Endangered species in biology
* Listed building, in architecture, designation of a historicall ...
Notes
References
* * * * * {{coord, 53, 55, 28, N, 1, 50, 11, W, type:landmark_region:GB, display=title Neoclassical architecture in Yorkshire Villas in the United Kingdom Grade I listed buildings in West Yorkshire Grade I listed houses Houses in West Yorkshire Houses completed in 1908 Works of Edwin Lutyens in England Grade II listed parks and gardens in West Yorkshire Gardens by Gertrude Jekyll Ilkley 1908 establishments in England