was a Japanese

neo-Confucian Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a Morality, moral, Ethics, ethical, and metaphysics, metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, which originated with Han Yu (768� ...

scholar of the

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

. He was an hereditary rector of Edo’s Confucian Academy, the ''Shōhei-kō'', also known at the ''

Yushima Seidō , is a Confucian temple () in Yushima, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. It was established in end of the 17th century during the Genroku era of the Edo period. Towards the late Edo period, one of the most important educational institutions of the sh ...

,'' which was built on land provided by the shōgun. The ''Yushima-Seidō,'' which stood at the apex of the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

's educational system; and Jussai was styled with the hereditary title .

Academician

Hayashi ''Daigaku-no-kami'' Jussai was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars, each of whom were ''ad hoc'' personal advisers to the shoguns prominent figures in the educational training system for the ''

bakufu , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

'' bureaucrats. The progenitor of this lineage of scholars was

Hayashi Razan , also known as Hayashi Dōshun, was a Japanese historian, philosopher, political consultant, and writer, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four ''shōguns'' of the Tokugawa ''bakufu''. He is also attributed with first listing the ...

, who lived to witness his philosophical and pragmatic reasoning become a foundation for the dominant ideology of the ''

'' until the end of the 19th century. This evolution developed in part from the official Hayashi ''

schema Schema may refer to: Science and technology * SCHEMA (bioinformatics), an algorithm used in protein engineering * Schema (genetic algorithms), a set of programs or bit strings that have some genotypic similarity * Schema.org, a web markup vocab ...

'' equating samurai with the cultured governing class (although the samurai were largely illiterate at the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate. The Hayashi helped to legitimize the role of the militaristic ''bakufu'' at the beginning of its existence. His philosophy is also important in that it encouraged the samurai class to cultivate themselves, a trend which would become increasingly widespread over the course of his lifetime and beyond. One of Hayashi ''Daigaku-no-kami'' Razan's aphorism encapsulates this view: :::"No true learning without arms and no true arms without learning." The Hayashi played a prominent role is helping to maintain the theoretical underpinnings of the Tokugawa regime; and Hayashi ''Daigaku-no-kami'' Jussai was the 8th hereditary rector of ''Yushima Seidō''. Jussai was the son of of the Iwamura Domain. He was appointed by

Matsudaira Sadanobu was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period, famous for his financial reforms which saved the Shirakawa Domain, and similar reforms he undertook during his tenure as chief of the Tokugawa shogunate, from 1787 to 1793. Early life Matsu ...

to be heir to the previous Hayashi family head, Kimpō.Ooms, ''Charismatic Bureaucrat'', p. 144.

Notes

References

* Blomberg, Catherina. (1994). ''The Heart of the Warrior: Origins and Religious Background of the Samurai in Feudal Japan.'' London:

RoutledgeCurzon Routledge ( ) is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, a ...

. * Ooms, Herman (1975). ''Charismatic Bureaucrat''. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States. It pu ...

. * Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869.'' Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society. 1768 births 1841 deaths Japanese Confucianists Ogyū-Matsudaira clan {{Japan-academic-bio-stub