Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil (also spelled Halit and Uşakizâde) (; 1866 – 27 March 1945) was a Turkish

author In legal discourse, an author is the creator of an original work that has been published, whether that work exists in written, graphic, visual, or recorded form. The act of creating such a work is referred to as authorship. Therefore, a sculpt ...

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator (thought, thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral t ...

, and

playwright A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes play (theatre), plays, which are a form of drama that primarily consists of dialogue between Character (arts), characters and is intended for Theatre, theatrical performance rather than just Readin ...

. A part of the ''Edebiyat-ı Cedide'' ("New Literature") movement of the late

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, he was the founder of and contributor to many literary movements and institutions, including his flagship ''

Servet-i Fünun ''Servet-i Fünun'' (; ) was an avant-garde journal published in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkey. Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Halit Ziya (Uşaklıgil) and the other writers of the "New Literature" () movement published it to inform their reade ...

'' ("The Wealth of Knowledge") journal. He was a strong critic of the Sultan

Abdul Hamid II Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernizati ...

, which led to the censorship of much of his work by the Ottoman government. His many novels, plays, short stories, and essays include his 1899 romance novel '' Aşk-ı Memnu'' ("Forbidden Love"), which has been adapted into an internationally successful television series of the same name.

Biography

Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil was born in Istanbul in 1866. He went to primary school and then attended the secondary school Fatih Rüştiyesi in the same city. His family moved to Izmir in 1879. He completed his secondary education in Izmir attending the school which now is known as İzmir Atatürk Lisesi. He later attended an Armenian Catholic school to learn French where he completed his first translation works. Uşaklıgil founded the newspaper ''Hizmet'' in 1886. After 1896 his works were published in the Turkish literary journal ''

'', known for its adoption of European literary styles. When his novel '' Kırık Hayatlar'' (''Broken Lives'') was censored by the Ottoman regime of

in 1901, he stopped publishing novels. He contributed to ''

Mehâsin ''Mehâsin'' (Ottoman Turkish: ''Virtues'') was a monthly women's magazine which was published in the Ottoman Empire between 1908 and 1909. It was one of the publications started in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution and was subtitled as ...

'', a women's magazine which was started in the aftermath of the

Young Turk Revolution The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; ) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II ...

in 1908. In addition, his novel ''Ferdi ve Şürekası'' (Ottoman Turkish: ''Ferdi and his Associates'') was serialized in the magazine. ''Kırık Hayatlar'' could only be published in 1923 after the establishment of modern Turkey. Uşaklıgil's early style is based closely on French

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of subjec ...

and most of his novels deal with unfulfilled love. His work is distinguished from contemporary Turkish literature by its more concrete form and creates its own artistic language through the use of Persian and Arabic loanwords. In his later years the writer moved to the village of San Stefano near Istanbul. In 1926, when a new law was imposed to give a Turkish name to each community, he suggested to give to the village its present name of

Yeşilköy (; meaning "Green Village"; prior to 1926, San Stefano or Santo Stefano , ) is an affluent neighbourhood () in the municipality and district of Bakırköy, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 25,039 (2022). on the Marmara Sea about ...

(literally: "Green Village").Tuna (2004)

Bibliography

Novels * ''Nemide'' (1889) * ''Bir Ölünün Defteri'' (1889) * ''Ferdi ve Şürekâsı'' (1894) * ''Mai ve Siyah'' (1897) * '' Aşk-ı Memnu'' (1900) * '' Kırık Hayatlar'' (1923) Short stories * ''Bir Muhtıranın Son Yaprakları'' (1888) * ''Bir İzdivacın Tarih-i Muaşakası'' (1888) * ''Heyhat'' (1894) * ''Solgun Demet'' (1901) * ''Sepette Bulunmuş'' (1920) * ''Bir Hikâye-i Sevda'' (1922) * ''Hepsinden Acı'' (1934) * ''Onu Beklerken'' (1935) * ''Aşka Dair'' (1936) * ''İhtiyar Dost'' (1939) * ''Kadın Pençesinde'' (1939) * ''İzmir Hikâyeleri'' (1950) (posthumous) Dramas * ''Kabus'' (1918) Memoirs * ''Anı: Kırk Yıl'' (1936) * ''Saray ve Ötesi'' (1942) * ''Bir Acı Hikâye'' (1942) Poetry * ''Mensur Şiirler'' (1889) Essays * ''Sanata Dair'' (1938–1955) (three volumes)

Notes

Sources

Relevant literature

* Katiboğlu, Monica. "Translating Ottoman Turkish into Turkish: linguistic hospitality as a politics of intralingual translation." ''Translation Studies'' (2023): 1-16.

External links

* Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism
''Biography of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil''
* 1866 births 1945 deaths Turkish novelists Writers from Istanbul 19th-century journalists from the Ottoman Empire Burials at Zuhuratbaba Cemetery 19th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire 20th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire {{Turkey-writer-stub