were officials of the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually '' fudai''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyō.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868,'' p. 322. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor."

Hakodate is a Cities of Japan, city and seaports of Japan, port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of January 31, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 239,813 with 138,807 househol ...

is a port city on the southern coast of Hokkaidō island, separated from northern

Honshū , historically known as , is the largest of the four main islands of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It is the seventh-largest island in the world, and the second-most populous after the Indonesian ...

by the

Tsugaru Strait The is a strait between Honshu and Hokkaido in northern Japan connecting the Sea of Japan with the Pacific Ocean. It was named after the western part of Aomori Prefecture. The Seikan Tunnel passes under it at its narrowest point 12.1 miles ...

. In 1779, the Tokugawa shogunate exerted direct control over Hakodate, and rapid development in the area soon followed. This ''

bakufu , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

'' title identifies an official responsible for administration of the port city of Hakodate and neighboring territory of Ezo. The ''bugyō'' were also directly responsible for the conduct of relations with foreigners in this region. The office was created in 1802. There were two men holding the title concurrently, one being at any given time in Hadodate and his counterpart would be in Edo; and periodically, the two would exchange places.

List of Hakodate bugyō

: * Takeuchi Yasunori, 1854-1861. * Muzuno Tadanori, 1862. * Muragaki Awaji-no-kami, 1863 * Kurimoto Jōun, 1867.Beasley, p. 335.

Notes

References

* Beasley, William G. (1955)
''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868.''
London:

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...

. eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. (cloth)">RoutledgeCurzon.html" ;"title="eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon">eprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. (cloth) Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate {{Japan-hist-stub

List of Hakodate bugyō

See also

Notes

References