Orkla ASA is a Norwegian conglomerate operating in

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

, Asia and the US. At present, Orkla operates in the branded consumer goods, aluminium products and financial investment sectors. Orkla ASA is listed on the

Oslo Stock Exchange Oslo Stock Exchange () (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed ...

and its head office is in

Oslo, Norway Oslo ( or ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of towns and cities in Norway, most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a Counties of Norway, county and a Municipalities of Norway, municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a populat ...

. , Orkla had 21,423 employees. The Group's turnover in 2021 totalled NOK 50.4 billion.

Operations

Orkla's branded consumer goods division produces brands in many fields, primarily in the

Nordic region The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; ) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe, as well as the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway ...

, but also in other places such as Central and Eastern European countries, and the Baltic region. Among the companies owned by Orkla are

Abba Seafood Abba Seafood AB, formerly Abba AB, with head offices in Gothenburg, Sweden, is a company producing preserved fish products. The main factory is located in Kungshamn. The company was established in Bergen, Norway, Bergen 1838 and in the 1850s it ...

, Beauvais foods,

Chips ''CHiPs'' is an American crime drama television series created by Rick Rosner and originally aired on NBC from September 15, 1977, to May 1, 1983. After the final first-run telecast on NBC in May 1983, the series went into reruns on Sundays fr ...

, Felix, Göteborgs Kex,

Kalev Kalev may refer to: * Kalev (mythology), a character from Estonian mythology * Kalev (given name), an Estonian masculine given name * Kalev (confectioner), an Estonian sweets company * BC Kalev, a basketball club based in Tallinn, Estonia * BC ...

, KiMs,

Lilleborg Lilleborg AS is a major hygiene and cleaning article company in Norway, owned by Solenis, and formerly owned by the Orkla Group. It was established in 1833, and was one of the first companies in Norway to start manufacturing brand name products ...

MTR Foods MTR Foods is an Indian food products company based in Bengaluru, India. The company manufactures a range of packaged foods including breakfast mixes, ready to eat meals, masalas and spices, snacks and beverages. MTR Foods Pvt. Ltd. is a subsid ...

, Rasoi Magic, Peter Möller,

Nidar Nidar is a Norwegian producer and distributor of confectionery. Nidar's candy factory is located in Trondheim, Norway. It is part of the Orkla Group. Overview The company is a major distributor of sweets in Norway, selling sweets for over NOK ...

, OLW,

Panda The giant panda (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''), also known as the panda bear or simply panda, is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its white coat with black patches around the eyes, ears, legs and shoulders. Its body is ...

, Procordia Food,

Stabburet Stabburet is a Norwegian food producer founded by Gunnar Nilsen in 1943. Stabburet is a part of Orkla Foods, and has ten factories in southern Norway Southern Norway (; lit. "The Southland") is the geographical List of regions of Norway, ...

, Sætre, Pierre Robert Group and

Laima Laima is a Baltic goddess of fate. She was associated with childbirth, marriage, and death; she was also the patron of pregnancy, pregnant women. Laima and her functions are similar to the Hindu goddess Lakshmi. In Latvia In Latvian mythology, ...

. As of February 2020 Orkla had major ownership in Jotun (42.6%).

Borregaard Borregaard is a Norway, Norwegian company, established in 1889 in the southeastern town of Sarpsborg in Østfold county. Its main products were traditionally pulp and paper. The company later started producing Chemical industry, chemicals based ...

was divested and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in 2012. Orkla's 50% interest of

Sapa Group Sapa or Sapë may refer to: Places * Sapa, Mississippi, a community in the United States * Sa Pa, a district-level town in Lào Cai province, Northern Vietnam ** Sa Pa (ward) ** Sa Pả (ward) * Sapë, a town in Albania * Roman Catholic Dioc ...

was sold in 2017.

History

Orkla started out in 1654 with

pyrite The mineral pyrite ( ), or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula Fe S2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral. Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue ...

mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...

Løkken Verk Løkken Verk (or simply ''Løkken'') is a village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located south of the village of Svorkmo, east of the village of Bjørnli, and north of the municipal center of Meldal (village), Meld ...

Sør-Trøndelag Sør-Trøndelag (; ) was a Counties of Norway, county comprising the southern portion of the present-day Trøndelag county in Norway. It bordered the old Nord-Trøndelag () county as well as the counties of Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Hedmark. ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

. Later the company also started mining

copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...

, but copper mining was abandoned in 1845. In 1904

Orkla Grube-Aktiebolag Orkla Mining Company Ltd. () was a Norwegian mining company established in 1904. The company was the largest mining company in Norway in the aftermath of World War I, and was among the world's largest pyrite producers. After closing of the mining ...

was founded by

Christian Thams Christian Thams (9 September 1867 – 22 May 1948) was a Norway, Norwegian architect, industrialist, businessman and diplomat. Thams was also a founder and major shareholder of Société du Madal, a Norwegian company which operated coconut oil pl ...

to start commercial mining at Løkken Verk, which included the construction of

Thamshavnbanen The Thamshavn Line () was Norway's first electric railway, running from 1908 to 1974 in what is now Trøndelag county. Today it is operated as a heritage railway and is the world's oldest railway running on its original alternating current elec ...

, the first

electric railway Railway electrification is the use of electric power for the propulsion of rail transport. Electric railways use either electric locomotives (hauling passengers or freight in separate cars), electric multiple units ( passenger cars with their own ...

in Norway, between Løkken Verk and

Thamshavn Thamshamn or Thamshavn is a small port village in Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is the site of the port for the town of Orkanger and the ferrosilicon plant Elkem Thamshavn. It is located right along European route E39 an ...

. This railway is still operated as a

museum railway A heritage railway or heritage railroad (U.S. usage) is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period (or periods) ...

after the mining operations at Løkken Verk were closed on 10 July 1987. In 1929, Orkla became listed on

and in 1931 the new smelting plant at Thamshavn outside

Orkanger Orkanger is a town and the administrative centre of Orkland Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The town sits at the end of the Orkdal Fjord, an arm of the Trondheimsfjord. Orkanger is the commercial centre of Orkland Municipality and it ...

was opened. By 1941 Orkla started with a separate investments portfolio, and opened offices in Oslo in 1975. In 1984 Orkla started a major takeover of Norwegian newspapers, creating Orkla Media as one of the three largest

media Media may refer to: Communication * Means of communication, tools and channels used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Interactive media, media that is inter ...

companies in Norway. Half of the

magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

publisher Egmont-Mortensen was added to Orkla Media in 1992 and the Danish

Det Berlingske Officin Berlingske Media (formerly Det Berlingske Officin A/S)Berlingske Media website in English
is a Dan ...

in 2000. Orkla sold the media section to

Mecom MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 (MECOM) also known as ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI-1) or positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 3 (PRDM3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MECOM'' gene. E ...

in 2006. In 1986 Orkla merged with

based in

Sarpsborg Sarpsborg ( or ), historically Borg, is a List of cities in Norway, city and Municipalities of Norway, municipality in Østfold Counties of Norway, county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg. Sarpsbor ...

to form Orkla Borregaard. The company then merged with

Nora Industrier Nora Industrier was a Norwegian company, most of its history involved in manufacturing of soft drinks and foodstuffs. It traced its history back to the brewery St. Halvard Bryggeri, established in Pilestredet in 1877. It originally brewed beer onl ...

in 1992. Borregaard was spun off and introduced to the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2012, with Orkla retaining a minority stake in the company. Orkla heavily invested in

food Food is any substance consumed by an organism for Nutrient, nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or Fungus, fungal origin and contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, protein (nutrient), proteins, vitamins, ...

s and among others acquired Swedish

brewery A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant. The commercial brewing of b ...

Pripps Pripps is a former major brewery in Sweden and is now a part of Carlsberg, in which Pripps remains as a trademark. The company was based in Stockholm; their main product was Pripps Blå (Pripps blue). They also owned Ramlösa. Pripps was founde ...

as well as other companies, including Abba Seafood,

Baltic Beverages Holding Baltic Beverages Holding is a brewing company owned by Carlsberg Group. It is a significant operator in the brewing industry in the Baltic states and Ukraine. History The company was founded in 1991 by the Finnish brewery Hartwall and the Sw ...

and Procordia Food. Norwegian

Ringnes Ringnes is the largest brewer in Norway. Ringnes is part of the Carlsberg Group. History Ringnes AS was founded in 1876. The company's brewery in the Grünerløkka district of Oslo produced its first beer in 1877. The brewery was founded by brot ...

and Pripps were merged with

Carlsberg Breweries Carlsberg A/S (; ) is a Danish multinational brewer. Founded in 1847 by J. C. Jacobsen, the company's headquarters is in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since Jacobsen's death in 1887, the majority owner of the company has been the Carlsberg Foundation. T ...

, where Orkla acquired a 40% ownership in 2000. Orkla sold its ownership in Carlsberg in 2004. In 2005 Orkla bought the Norwegian material company

Elkem Elkem is a company that produces silicones, silicon, alloys for the foundry industry, carbon and microsilica, and other materials. Elkem was founded in 1904, has more than 7,000 employees and fields 30 production sites worldwide. Elkem has an oper ...

and

in Sweden. In 2010 Orkla bought the Estonian confectionery company

. In November 2018 Orkla announced that it will acquire Finnish

Kotipizza Group is a Finnish pizza restaurant chain headquartered in Helsinki. With over 290 locations, it is the largest chain of pizza restaurants in the Nordic countries. Kotipizza was founded in 1987 by Rabbe Grönblom in Vaasa, Finland. By the end of 201 ...

. In March 2022, Orkla Health announced it had acquired 100% of the shares of dietary supplements supplier

Healthspan Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age. The most commonly used measure is ''life expectancy at birth'' (LEB, or in demographic notation ''e''0, where '' ...

Group Limited for £65 million on a cash and debt-free basis.

Brands

Orkla Foods

– seafood (Sweden) *Ahti – herring *Bähncke – condiments *Banos – banana spread *Beauvais – condiments *Big One – frozen pizzas *Big One Diner – American food *Bjellands Fiskeboller – canned fish balls *Bob – juice, fruit preserves *Boy – herring *Den Gamle Fabrik – fruit preserves *Denja – salads, herrings *Ejderns – caviar *Ekstrom – desserts *Everest – bottled water (Latvia) * Felix – condiments, potatoes, vegetables *Frödinge – desserts *Fun Light –

squash Squash most often refers to: * Squash (sport), the high-speed racquet sport also known as squash racquets * Squash (plant), the fruit of vines of the genus ''Cucurbita'' Squash may also refer to: Sports * Squash (professional wrestling), an extr ...

*Geisha – rice products *Gimsøy Baker'n – baking ingredients *Gimsøy Drinkmix – drink mix *Glyngøre – herring * Grandiosa – frozen pizzas *Grebbestads – anchovies *Gutta – juice (Latvia) *Gøy – squash *Hold-It – calzones *Hållö – shellfish *Idun – condiments *Jacky – yoghurts, puddings *JOKK – juice *K-salat – salads *Kalles Kaviar – caviar *Kikkoman – soy sauces *Kokkeklar – soups *Kung Gustaf – seafood *Latplanta – spices (Latvia) *Lierne – lefse *Limfjord – seafood *Liva Energi –

energy drinks An energy drink is a type of non-alcoholic psychoactive functional beverage containing stimulant compounds, usually caffeine (at a higher concentration than ordinary soda pop) and taurine, which is marketed as reducing tiredness and improving p ...

, protein drinks *Lucullus – herring *Løvstek – cube steak *Mors hjemmebakte flatbrød – flatbrød *Mr. Lee – instant noodles (Norway,

Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ) (alt. the Faroes) are an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. Located between Iceland, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the islands have a populat ...

) *Mrs. Cheng's – Asian food *

Nora Nora, NORA, or Norah may refer to: * Nora (name), a feminine given name People with the surname * Arlind Nora (born 1980), Albanian footballer * Pierre Nora (1931–2025), French historian * Simon Nora (1921–2006), French politician Place ...

– fruit preserves, canned vegetables, desserts, squash (Norway) * Nugatti – chocolate spreads (by

, Norway; also sold in

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

) *Nøtte – hazelnut butter *Pastella – pasta *Paulúns – natural food *Pizza Originale – frozen pizzas *Risifrutti – porridges *SaritaS – Indian food *Sjokade – chocolate spreads *Spilva – condiments, canned vegetables, juices, ready meals (Latvia) *Stabburet Leverpostei – leverpostej *Stabburet Pai – frozen pies *Stabburet Picnic – canned ham *Sunda – honey *SUSLAVICIUS – condiments, fruit preserves *Svennes – caviar *Tomtegløgg – mulled wine *

Toro Toro may refer to: Places *Toro, Molise, a ''comune'' in the Province of Campobasso, Italy *Toro, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria *Toro, Shizuoka, an archaeological site in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan *Toro, Zamora, a ''m ...

– soups, desserts, spices, powdered drink mixes (

Rieber & Søn Rieber & Søn is a Norwegian food manufacturing company that owns and produces a wide range of products and brands. The company is based in Bergen with more than 25 brands in 12 countries, of which 7 have manufacturing plants. Brands owned by ...

, Norway; also sold in

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

) *Trondhjems – canned food *Truly Thai – Thai food *Vesta – herring *Vestlandslefsa – lefse *Vitana – bouilion powder, condiments (Czech Republic) *Vossafår – cold cuts *Önos – fruit preserves, squash

Orkla Snacks

*Ādažu čipsi – potato chips (Latvia) *Ballerina – cookies * Bamsemums – chocolate * Bergene Melk – chocolate *Bixit – cookies *Bocca – chocolate *Bubs - candy *Café Bakeriet – cookies *Caramello – chocolate *Crispo – chocolate *Cuba – chocolate *Doc – throat lozenges *

Extra Extra, Xtra, or The Extra may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Film * The Extra (1962 film), ''The Extra'' (1962 film), a Mexican film * The Extra (2005 film), ''The Extra'' (2005 film), an Australian film Literature * Extra (newspaper), ...

– chewing gum (distribution only) *Fresh walk – sandwiches *Fun Light – juice *Gjende – cookies *Göteborgs Kex – cookies *Gullbrød – marzipan *Hjemmelaget Julemarsipan – marzipan *Hobby – chocolate *

Hubba Bubba Hubba Bubba is a brand of bubble gum produced by Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, a subsidiary of Mars, Incorporated. Introduced in the United States in 1979, the bubble gum got its name from the phrase "Hubba Hubba", which some military personnel in ...

– chewing gum (distribution only) *IFA – throat lozenges *

Juicy Fruit Juicy Fruit is an American brand of chewing gum made by the Wrigley Company, a U.S. company that since 2008 has been a subsidiary of the privately held Mars, Incorporated. It was introduced in 1893, and in the 21st century the brand name is reco ...

– chewing gum (distribution only) *Julegris –

marzipan pig The marzipan pig is a traditional German, Dutch, Belgian, and Scandinavian confectionery consisting of marzipan shaped as a pig. During Jul (Norway), Jul in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, a tradition is to eat a rice porridge known as Rice puddin ...

*Julemarsipan – marzipan *

– chocolates, biscuits, cookies, marzipans, caramels (Estonia) *KiMs – potato chips (Norway, Denmark) *Knott – candy *Kornmo – biscuits *Krembanan – chocolate *Kremtopper – chocolate *Krokantrøffel – chocolate *Laban – candy *

– chocolate (Latvia) *Laima sweets stores (Latvia) *Laima chocolate museum (Latvia) * Latfood – chips (Latvia) *Mokkabønner – chocolate *Mokkatrøffel – chocolate *

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his ...

– chocolate, liquorice (by

, Norway) *New Energy – chocolate *

– chocolates, bulk candy (Norway) * – potato chips *Old Town Bakery – confectionery, cakes (Latvia) *

– chocolate, liquorice candy (Finland) *Panda Liqueur – chocolate *Pauluns Wholemeal flakes, muesli, bars (Sweden) *Pedro – salty snacks (Latvia) *

Polly Polly is a given name, most often feminine, which originated as a variant of Molly (name), Molly (a diminutive of Mary (name), Mary). Polly may also be a short form of names such as Polina (given name), Polina, Polona (given name), Polona, Pauline ...

– nuts (by KiMs Norge, Norway) *Safari – cookies *Sfinx – chocolate confections (by

) *Skipper – liquorice candy * Smash! – chocolate (by Nidar, Norway) *Selga – cookies and waffles (Latvia) *Staburadze – confectionery and cakes (Latvia) *Smørbukk – caramel *Snøstenger – marzipan * Stratos – chocolate * Sætre – biscuits, cookies (Norway) *

Troika Troika or troyka (from Russian тройка, meaning 'a set of three' or the digit '3') may refer to: * Troika (driving), a traditional Russian harness driving combination, a cultural icon of Russia Politics * Triumvirate, a political regime rul ...

– chocolate * Taffel The Original Snacks – salty snacks (Finland)

Orkla Care

Lilleborg Lilleborg AS is a major hygiene and cleaning article company in Norway, owned by Solenis, and formerly owned by the Orkla Group. It was established in 1833, and was one of the first companies in Norway to start manufacturing brand name products ...

* Blenda – laundry products *

Comfort Comfort is a state of physical or psychological ease, often characterized by the absence of hardship. Individuals experiencing a lack of comfort are typically described as uncomfortable or in discomfort. A degree of psychological comfort can b ...

– fabric softeners * Define – hair care products * Dr. Greve – hygiene products * Jif – cleaning products *

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

– dental hygiene products, cleaning supplies * Klorin – chlorine products * Krystal – cleaning products * Lano – soap *

Lypsyl Lypsyl is a brand of moisturising lip balm owned by Lornamead. Marketing rights in the UK and Ireland are owned by Alliance Pharma since 2013. It is packaged in a small, cylindrical, twist action tube and is applied like a lipstick. Lypsyl moist ...

– moisturising lip balm (distribution only) * Milo – laundry products * Naturelle – soaps *

OMO Omo or OMO may refer to: Geography Ethiopia * Omo River (Ethiopia), in southern Ethiopia is the largest Ethiopian river outside the Nile Basin and namesake for all the topics below * Omo Nada, one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia ...

– detergents *

Pepsodent Pepsodent is an American brand of toothpaste with the minty flavor that is derived from sassafras. The brand was purchased by Unilever in 1942 and is still owned by the company outside of the United States and Canada. In 2003, Unilever sold the ...

– toothpaste (distribution only) *

Persil Persil (, ) is a German brand of laundry detergent manufactured and marketed by Henkel around the world except in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Latin America (except Mexico), China, Australia and New Zealand, where it is manufactured an ...

– laundry products * Salmi – cleaning products * Solidox – toothpaste * Sterilan – deodorants * Sun – dishwashing * Svint – steel wool soap * Zalo – dishwashing products

Orkla Health

*Collett – vitamin supplements *CuraMed – throat lozenges *Gerimax – ginseng products *Gevita – vitamin supplements, mineral supplements, herbal remedies *Litozin – rosehip powder *Maxim – sports nutrition *Möllers Tran – Omega-3 products *Nutrilett – protein bars, dieting products *Pikasol – Omega-3 supplements *Sana-sol – vitamin supplements *Triomar – Omega-3 supplements *Vitaminbjørner – vitamin supplements *Vivag – intimate care products

Pierre Robert Group

*La Mote – clothes *Pierre Robert – clothes

Orkla Food Ingredients

*AMA – margarine *Bakkedal – butter *BaKo – baking equipment, cake decorations *Bæchs Conditori – baked goods *Candeco – cake decorations, ice cream decorations *Credin – baking products *Frima Vafler – ice cream cones *Jästbolaget – yeast *Kronjäst – yeast *KåKå – baking products *Mors Hjemmebakte – baking products *Naturli' – organic beverages *Nic – ice cream accessories *Odense – marzipan, nougat, chocolate *PureOil – cooking oil *Sonneveld – professional baking products

Other investments

* Gränges – aluminium (listed on the

Stockholm Stock Exchange Nasdaq Stockholm, formerly known as the Stockholm Stock Exchange (), is a stock exchange located in Frihamnen, Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1863, it has become the primary securities exchange of the Nordic countries. As of March 2021, a total ...

) *Hydro Power – power plants **

Sarp Falls Sarp Falls ( or ') is a waterfall at Sarpsborg in Østfold, Norway. It is the second largest waterfall in Europe by discharge, after the Rhine Falls. This is the last waterfall on the Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway. Sarp Falls ...

– power plant ** AS Saudefaldene (85%) – power plant * Jotun (42.53%) – paint manufacturer *Orkla Eiendom – real estate related to Orkla's own operations

References

External links

*
Orkla Annual Report 2017
{{Authority control Food and drink companies of Norway Mining companies of Norway Companies based in Oslo Companies established in 1654 Holding companies of Norway Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange 1654 establishments in Norway Multinational companies headquartered in Norway