György Faludy (September 22, 1910 – September 1, 2006; ), sometimes

anglicized Anglicisation or anglicization is a form of cultural assimilation whereby something non-English becomes assimilated into or influenced by the culture of England. It can be sociocultural, in which a non-English place adopts the English language ...

as George Faludy, was a Hungarian

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator (thought, thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral t ...

, writer and translator.

Life

Travels, vicissitudes, and remembrance

Faludy completed his schooling in the Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium and studied at the Universities of Vienna, Berlin and Graz. During these times he developed radical liberalist views, which he maintained till the very last days of his life. In 1938, he left Hungary for Paris because of his

Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

ancestry, and then for the U.S. During World War II, he served in the American forces. He arrived back in Hungary in 1946. In April 1947 he was among a group that destroyed a Budapest statue of Ottokár Prohászka, a Hungarian bishop who is respected by many but who is often considered antisemitic. He only admitted his participation forty years later. In 1949 he was condemned with fictitious accusations and was sent to the forced labor camp of Recsk for three years. During this time, he lectured other prisoners in literature, history and philosophy. After his release he made his living by translation. In 1956 (after the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

) he escaped again to the West. He settled in London, and was the editor of a Hungarian literary journal. It was during his stay in London that Faludy wrote his memoir, which was soon translated to English, by which he is still best known outside Hungary: ''My Happy Days in Hell''. (It was only published in his native language in 1987, and since then in several further editions.) He moved to

Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

in 1967 and lived there for twenty years. He gave lectures in Canada and the U.S. and was the editor of Hungarian literary journals. In 1976, he received Canadian citizenship and two years later received an honorary doctorate from the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university whose main campus is located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by ...

, where he regularly taught. His poems were published by ''The New York Resident'' in 1980. In 1988 Faludy returned to Hungary. After the fall of communism, his works, which had previously been distributed only as

samizdat Samizdat (, , ) was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern Bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground makeshift publications, often by hand, and passed the documents from reader to reader. The practice of manual rep ...

during the Communist period, were at last published in Hungary. New collections of poems appeared in the 1990s, as well as several translations. In 1994 he received Hungary's most prestigious award, the

Kossuth Prize The Kossuth Prize (, ) is a state-sponsored award in Hungary, named after the Hungarian politician and revolutionist Lajos Kossuth. The Prize was established in 1936, by the Hungarian National Assembly, to acknowledge outstanding personal and grou ...

. In 2000 he published another memoir, ''After My Days in Hell'', about his life after the labour camp. Renowned for his anecdotes as well as his writing, he was a celebrated wit whose life story attracted the attention of many foreign authors. Besides the many European authors who visited Faludy, there was the Canadian author

George Jonas George Jonas, CM (June 15, 1935 – January 10, 2016) was a Hungarian-born Canadian writer, poet, and journalist. A self-described classical liberal, he authored 16 books, including the bestseller '' Vengeance'' (1984), the story of an Israeli ...

, screenwriter of ''Munich'', as well as the columnist, poet, and playwright Rory Winston.

Relationships

Faludy's first wife was Vali Ács. His second wife, Zsuzsa Szegő, died in 1963. They had a son, Andrew, born in 1955. Faludy's grandson, Alexander Faludy, born in 1983, is an Anglican priest and a critic of the current government in

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

. In 1963 Eric Johnson (1937–2004), a US ballet dancer and later a renowned poet in contemporary

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

poetry, read the memoir ''My Happy Days in Hell,'' became enchanted with the author, and traveled to Hungary in search of Faludy. He began to learn Hungarian and finally met Faludy three years later in Malta. He became his secretary, translator, co-author and partner for the next 36 years. In 2002 when Faludy married again, Johnson left for Kathmandu, Nepal, and died there in February 2004. In 1984, while living in Toronto, Faludy married Leonie Kalman (née Erenyi), a long-time family friend from Budapest and Tangier, Morocco, at Toronto City Hall. George and Leonie kept their separate residences and did not consummate their marriage, but Leonie kept the Faludy name until her death in 2011 (in Fleet, Hants, UK), aged 102. In 2002, Faludy married a 26-year-old poet, Fanny Kovács. Faludy published poems written jointly with his wife. Even though Faludy was extremely open about his bisexuality, it wasn't revealed to the public until the Hungarian state-owned television broadcast an interview with him after his death.

A memorial park in Toronto

In 2006, a memorial park was built in his honor designed by the landscape architect Scott Torrance, facing his former apartment at 25 St. Mary's Street. It was initiated by the Toronto Legacy Project to commemorate the outstanding cultural figures of the city. A bronze plaque was placed in the park with his portrait, made by the Hungarian-born sculptor Dora de Pedery-Hunt. His poem ''Michelangelo's Last Prayer'', chosen by the poet, was carved on the plaque in English and in Hungarian.

Work

Faludy's translations of the ballads of

François Villon François Villon (; Modern French: ; ; – after 1463) is the best known French poet of the Late Middle Ages. He was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities. Villon wrote about some of these e ...

, and even more prominent rewritings (as he admitted several times), brought him huge popularity on their initial publication in 1934, and have been since published about forty times. He could have hardly expressed these ideas in any other way in his time. He wrote several volumes of poetry as well, some of which were published in English. His other outstanding success was ''My Happy Days in Hell'' (Pokolbéli víg napjaim), a memoir first published in 1962 in English translation, which was translated to French and German as well, but did not appear in the original Hungarian until 1987.

Works published in English

*1962: ''My Happy Days in Hell''; reissued 1985, ; 2003, *1966: ''City of Splintered Gods''; translated by Flora Papastavrou *1970: ''Erasmus of Rotterdam''. ; 1971, *1978: ''East and West: Selected Poems of George Faludy''; edited by John Robert Colombo; with a profile of the poet by Barbara Amiel. Toronto: Hounslow Press *1983: ''George Faludy: Learn This Poem of Mine by Heart: sixty poems and one speech''. ; edited by John Robert Colombo *1985: ''George Faludy: Selected Poems 1933-80''. , ; edited by Robin Skelton *1987: ''Corpses, Brats, and Cricket Music: Hullák, kamaszok, tücsökzene: poems''. *1988: ''Notes From the Rainforest''. *2006: ''Two for Faludy''. edited by John Robert Colombo

Works published in Hungarian

''N.B. Bp. = Budapest'' *''Jegyzetek az esőerdőből.'' Budapest. 1991. Magyar Világ Kiadó, 208 p. *''Test és lélek. A világlíra 1400 gyöngyszeme.'' Műfordítások. Szerk.: Fóti Edit. Ill.: Kass János. Bp. 1988. Magyar Világ, 760 p. *''200 szonett.'' Versek. Bp. 1990. Magyar Világ, 208 p. *''Erotikus versek. A világlíra 50 gyöngyszeme.'' Szerk.: Fóti Edit. Ill.: Karakas András. Bp. 1990. Magyar Világ, 72 p. *''Dobos az éjszakában.'' Válogatott versek. Szerk.: Fóti Edit. Bp. 1992. Magyar Világ, 320 p. *''Jegyzetek a kor margójára.'' Publicisztika. Bp. 1994. Magyar Világ, 206 p. *''100 könnyű szonett.'' Bp. 1995. Magyar Világ, apszám nélkül *''Versek.'' Összegyűjtött versek. Bp. 1995. Magyar Világ, 848 p., 2001. Magyar Világ Kiadó 943 p. *''Vitorlán Kekovába.'' Versek. Bp. 1998. Magyar Világ, 80 p. *''Pokolbeli víg napjaim.'' Visszaemlékezés. **Bp., 1987, AB Független K. ** (Bp., 1989, Magyar Világ) ** (Bp., 1998, Magyar Világ) ** (Bp., 2005, cop. 1998, Magyar Világ) ** (Bp., 2015, Alexandra Könyvesház) *''Pokolbeli napjaim után.'' . *''A Pokol tornácán.'' . *''Faludy tárlata: Limerickek''. Glória kiadó. 2001. *''A forradalom emlékezete'' (Faludy Zsuzsával közösen). *Heirich Heine''Válogatott versek Faludy György fordításában'' és ''Németország Faludy György átköltésében''. Egy kötetben. Alexandra Kiadó. 2006.

References

External links

György Faludy (1910 -)
short biography and two poems from European Cultural Review
György FALUDI (1910-2006)
, timeline of life and works at HunLit.hu * Rory Winston
"At Home with homelessness", October 2, 2006
The New York Resident, 2 October 2006 * Albert Tezla

, ''Hungarian Authors: A bibliographical Handbook'', Belknap Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1970. SBN 674 42650 9 * George Jonas
"The poet and the ballet dancer"
''The National Post'', 8 March 2004
"Interview with the poet Gyorgy Faludy: Literature will not survive the 21st century"
hvg.hu, 6 June 2006 * Sandor Peto
Hungarian poet Gyorgy Faludy dies aged 96
''

Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency ...

'', 2 September 2006
Gyorgy Faludy
''

The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British newspaper published weekly in printed magazine format and daily on Electronic publishing, digital platforms. It publishes stories on topics that include economics, business, geopolitics, technology and culture. M ...

'', 14 September 2006 * "Hungarian poet and translator Gyorgy Faludy dies at 95," ''

International Herald Tribune The ''International Herald Tribune'' (''IHT'') was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers. It published under the name ''International Herald Tribune'' starting in 1967, but its ...

'', September 2, 2006.
City of Toronto names public space in honour of Hungarian-Canadian poet George Faludy, October 3, 2006

Jewish.hu: Famous Hungarian Jews: György FaludyPicture
{{DEFAULTSORT:Faludy, Gyorgy Hungarian male poets Jewish poets Hungarian Jews 1910 births 2006 deaths Hungarian LGBTQ poets Hungarian LGBTQ novelists Bisexual Jews Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery Bisexual male writers Bisexual poets Bisexual novelists Hungarian bisexual men Hungarian male novelists 20th-century Hungarian poets 20th-century Hungarian novelists 20th-century Hungarian male writers Fasori Gimnázium alumni Bisexual academics 20th-century Hungarian LGBTQ people 21st-century Hungarian LGBTQ people Humboldt University of Berlin alumni